Foreign Policy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The political parties that are closer with China, have been under close contacts with the local to central representatives in China in recent years. Kuomintang as a long-term authoritarian party, still has much influence to the Taiwanese politics after democratization. After the cross-Straits relationship broke the ice, KMT has been in frequent exchanges with the Chinese government. The important and high-level meetings between KMT and CCP were: KMT chair Lien Chan and CCP secretary general Hu Jintao met in 2005; KMT chair Wu Po-hsiung and Hu met in 2008 and 2009; Lien Chan and CCP Secretary General Xi Jinping met in 2013; Wu met with Xi in 2013; KMT chair Eric Chu and Xi met in 2015; Lien and Xi met again in 2015; Taiwan president and KMT chair Ma Ying-jeou and Xi Jinping met in 2015 in Singapore, which was also the first meeting between Taiwanese and Chinese leaders after 1949; KMT chair Hung Hsiu-chu and Xi met in 2016. The New Party, which is a pro-Chinese political party separated from KMT, has been propagating pro-unification claims. In May 2019, the chair Yok Mu-ming led a delegation of 68 people to visit China and propagating the peaceful unification. In September 2020, the chair Wu Cherng-dean led a delegation to participate in Straits Forum. He expressed his will to put the "one country two system Taiwan model" in to realization through negotiations.

1. https://www.storm.mg/new7/article/3452219
2. https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/china/2015/11/151104_background_taiwan_china_leaders_meeting
3. https://tw.appledaily.com/politics/20190522/IQXXK5I77IZUTVA7AZ5KWFECFY/
4. https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2020-09-20/468081

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/9sYMm
2. https://archive.ph/wip/64VGC
3. https://archive.ph/wip/AST8K

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/article/magic_weapons.pdf

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Considering the number of collaboration that Indonesia has with PRC especially in areas of economic development, there has been many occasions where members of political parties from the house of representatives met with representatives from the PRC. Even during times of pandemic, members of the house of representatives still conducted virtual meetings with representatives of the PRC in alternative to the travel restrictions. In June 2021, China-Indonesia high-level dialogue cooperation mechanism was held, meeting Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Luhut Binsar Pandjaitan, Indonesian president's special envoy and Indonesia's coordinator for cooperation with China.

1. https://www.dpr.go.id/en/berita/detail/id/31031/t/Puan+Maharani+Ajak+Parlemen+Tiongkok+Teruskan+Kerja+Sama+Pemulihan+Dampak+Covid-19
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/06/c_139991980.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore's ruling party, the People's Action Party apparently engages in exchanges with the Chinese Communist Party. In particular, the Young PAP (the youth wing of the PAP) has been trying to learn from the Chinese Communist Youth League 共青團.

1. https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09SINGAPORE863_a.html
2. https://www.asiaone.com/News/Education/Story/A1Story20090303-125908.html
3. https://www.theonlinecitizen.com/2009/03/16/the-paps-fascination-with-communists/
4. https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/pap-ccp-ties-have-greatly-benefited-people-of-spore-china-lee-hsien-loong
5. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/chinese-communist-party-100th-anniversary-pm-lee-xi-jinping-15124152
6. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/ccp-at-100-singapore-and-chinese-communist-party-share-an-evolving-pragmatic

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Meetings with the representatives of the PRC are held often, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic.

1. https://civil.ge/archives/124976
2. http://www.china.mfa.gov.ge/default.aspx?lang=2
3. https://civil.ge/archives/306578
4. https://www.interpressnews.ge/ka/article/659135-giorgi-amilaxvari-da-shalva-papuashvili-chinetis-elchs-shexvdnen/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On May 12, 2021, in Xi'an, People's Republic of China, with the participation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic Ruslan Kazakbayev, the Second Meeting of Foreign Ministers in the "Central Asia-China" format was held.

1. https://mfa.gov.kg/ru/dm/posolstvo-kyrgyzskoy-respubliki-v-kitayskoy-narodnoy-respublike/news/12336

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtky6WQPLMI

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Above are only a few examples. As a member of BRICS, SA MPs participate in regular events.

1. https://www.parliament.gov.za/press-releases/peoples-republic-china-commends-south-africa-its-successful-efforts-keeping-novel-coronavirus-out-country
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-05/13/c_139054389.htm

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In September 2020, representatives of the PSB, PCdoB, PCB and PT debated virtually with representatives of the Chinese Communist Party on Covid-19's control and prevention strategies. The meeting was promoted by the Chinese Communist Party. In February 2021 there was another virtual meeting between the Workers' Party (PT) and the Chinese embassy in Brazil.

1. http://www.psb40.org.br/noticias/em-encontro-promovido-pelo-partido-comunista-chines-psb-debate-estrategias-de-controle-e-prevencao-do-coronavirus/
2. https://pt.org.br/em-reuniao-com-embaixada-partidos-de-oposicao-reforcam-parceria-brasil-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both legislators and executive officials have met officially with representatives of the PRC. Incluir um 3r link Link

1. https://news.cctv.com/2021/01/28/ARTIquZZy573zdlTOTijJ08c210128.shtml
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/wjdt/wshd/t1849803.shtml

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Many meeting were held with representatives of the PRC from all the parties in the legislature.

1. https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/parlamento-paga-viaje-tres-legisladores-china.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

With the arrival to Chile in 2018 of Chinese Ambassador Xu Bu (2018-2020), the embassy took a much more public and proactive role, compared to the low profile thar previous Chinese ambassadors had in Chile. Currently there is a new ambassador, Mr Niu Qingbao, has been keeping an active public presence, but much less confrontational than his predecessor.

1. http://iquique.chineseconsulate.org/esp/zlgdt/t1610538.htm
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYP_JXtoUkc
3. https://www.emol.com/noticias/Nacional/2019/09/03/960087/China-PS-Xu-Bu.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is the Peruvian-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship League that continuously meets with the Chinese embassy and seeks to bring closer relations between the Congress of Peru and the National People's Congress of China, to dialogue on issues of common interest, seeking the permanent exchange of information. and experiences of a parliamentary nature.

1. https://www.congreso.gob.pe/ligasparlamentarias/2016-2021/ligaparlamentaria-peru-china
2. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/101565/1/Mendez_la_conexi_n_china_en_la_Pol_tica_Exterior_del_Per_en_el_Siglo_XXI_published.pdf

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

high level meetings between Venezuela’s national legislature have officially met with representatives of the PRC on multiple occasions dating back over a decade.

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20210724043316/http://china.embajada.gob.ve/noticias-mision/embajador-de-china-en-venezuela-agradecio-encuentro-con-el-presidente-de-la-anc-para-estrechar-lazos/
2. http://www.mppre.gob.ve/2021/04/27/venezuela-china-evaluan-conformacion-grupo-amistad-interparlamentario/
3. http://www.mppre.gob.ve/2019/10/14/presidente-anc-venezuela-visita-china/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.assembly.go.kr/assm/notification/news/news01/bodo/bodoView.do?bbs_id=ANCPUBINFO_04&bbs_num=45239&no=5382&CateGbn=&Gbntitle=$paramMap.Gbntitle

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Representatives from members of the ruling coalition (the LDP and Komeito) regularly visit China to meet with Chinese leaders. The third article does not to involve Noda Seiko acting on behalf of the LDP. Instead, the focus of the visit seems to be on inviting female members of the National Diet, regardless of party affiliation.

1. http://www.china-embassy.or.jp/jpn/zrdt_1/t778357.htm
2. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO25012510T21C17A2EA4000/
3. http://www.china-embassy.or.jp/jpn/zrdt_1/t1693673.htm;
4. https://www.komei.or.jp/komeinews/p39061/
5. https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXMZO48746980Q9A820C1EAF000/

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://nhandan.vn/tin-tuc-su-kien/tong-bi-thu-nguyen-phu-trong-chu-tich-nuoc-nguyen-xuan-phuc-tiep-bo-truong-quoc-phong-trung-quoc-643572

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. https://www.wsj.com/articles/political-donors-linked-to-china-won-access-to-trump-gop-11592925569

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both sides will encourage exchange of visits of high-ranking governmental delegations and leaders at the local level, legislative organs, political parties, and civil organizations, and increase interactions and communications. (Joint Statement of the Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China (2016)) Link Both sides will encourage exchange of visits of high-ranking governmental delegations and leaders at the local level, legislative organs, political parties, and civil organizations, and increase interactions and communications. (Joint Statement of the Republic of the Philippines and the People's Republic of China (2016)) Link

1. https://dfa.gov.ph/newsroom/dfa-releases/10748-joint-statement-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-people-s-republic-of-china
2. https://www.thinkchina.sg/chinas-cpc-deepens-ties-philippine-political-parties

Supplementary Notes

None

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

These have frequently meeting between Thai politicians, high officers, and high bureaucrats with representatives of the PRC. Link Link Link Link Link Prayut’s government is also well-known for close ties with PRC. Link Link

1. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202104/t20210430_145794.html
2. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202104/t20210427_145740.html
3. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201911/t20191111_101792.html
4. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190924_101397.html
5. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190924_101396.html
6. https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/ewt_news.php?nid=15373&filename=index
7. https://www.thairath.co.th/news/politic/2286318
8. https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/49681
9. https://www.posttoday.com/politic/news/668522
10. https://thaishanghai.thaiembassy.org/th/content/
11. https://www.matichon.co.th/foreign/news_2768885
12. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1668208/regime-talks-up-china-ties-on-visit-to-beijing-for-belt-and-road-forum
13. https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/468332/thailand-china-bolster-military-ties-as-us-relations-splinter

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• Cambodian parliament chief hails excellent ties with China Link • China, Cambodia agree to strengthen party exchanges Link • Song Tao Meets with Young Politicians of Cambodia People’s Party Link • Song Tao Meets with CPP Vice President and President of the Senate of Cambodia Link • CPP President and Prime Minister of Cambodia Meets with Song Tao Link • Wang Yajun Meets with FUNCINPEC Party Cadre Study Group of Cambodia Link • CPP President and Prime Minister of Cambodia Meets with CPC Delegation Link

1. http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2013-10/29/c_132841698.htm
2. http://lr.china-embassy.org/eng/majorevents/t525681.htm
3. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201603/t20160328_81549.html
4. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201810/t20181030_98180.html
5. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201901/t20190123_99285.html
6. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201904/t20190412_100021.html
7. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201905/t20190529_100507.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin Meets with Wang Yi Link Wang Yi Talks about the Eight-point Consensus of China and Malaysia Link Wang Yi Meets with Malaysian Foreign Minister Dato' Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein Link State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi Speaks with Malaysian Foreign Minister Hishammuddin Hussein on the Phone Link Wang Yi Meets Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng of Malaysia Link Wang Yi Holds Talks with Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah of Malaysia Link Wang Yi Meets with Foreign Minister Anifah Aman of Malaysia Link He Guoqiang arrives in Malaysia for visit to boost ties Link Chen Zhou Holds a Video Call With Tiong King Sing, Chairman of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Special Envoy of the Malaysian Prime Minister to China Link Guo Yezhou Exchanges Views with Dato Seri Tiong King Sing, President of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Prime Minister’s Special Envoy to China, via Videolink Link Wang Chen Meets with Study Group of Parliament Members of Malaysia’s Ruling Coalition Link Song Tao Meets with Adviser to the PKR of Malaysia and Deputy Prime Minister Link Li Xi Meets with Prime Minister of Malaysia Link Guo Yezhou Meets with Malaysia’s Special Envoy to China and National Chairman of the Democratic Action Party Link Song Tao Meets with Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia Link Song Tao Meets with DAP Delegation of Malaysia Link Shen Beili Meets with DAP Deputy Secretary-General of Malaysia and Minister of Primary Industries Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824138.shtml
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824141.shtml
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824139.shtml
4. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1804816.shtml
5. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1582819.shtml
6. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1582452.shtml
7. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1483163.shtml
8. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/resources/reports/2012/asia/201405/t20140515_6332.html
9. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202105/t20210512_145869.html
10. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202009/t20200909_139694.html
11. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190910_101269.html
12. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201907/t20190712_100908.html
13. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201906/t20190620_100626.html
14. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201904/t20190430_100316.html
15. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201810/t20181030_98179.html
16. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201808/t20180829_97588.html
17. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201807/t20180731_97417.html
18. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201512/t20151211_79886.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Germany maintains “wide and deep” connections with China on all levels, with a total of about 80 official groups that include representatives from government, politics, and wider society (e.g. the research community).

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Representatives from all major parties have interacted with the CCP International Liaison Department and attended its events.

1. https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/ICDS_EFPI_Brief_Chinas_Influence_Activities_in_Estonia_Frank_Juris_September_2020.pdf

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

If we extend the period to prior to the Covid-riddled 2020, then the answer is 4, otherwise it would be 1 at the most. Members of the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM) and Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) have occasional contacts with PRC representatives, particularly with the CCP's International Liaison Department. In 2019, leaders of ČSSD, KSČM and ANO met with Tianjin's Party secretary Li Hongzhong h

1. https://sinopsis.cz/en/a-new-comintern-for-the-new-era-the-ccp-international-department-from-bucharest-to-reykjavik/
2. https://sinopsis.cz/en/p2b-tianjin-ppf/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The APPG China has introduced many British legislators to PRC representatives. Since the pandemic, the Chinese Embassy in London has held virtual events with British legislators present, most recently for the leaving party for former Ambassador Liu Xiaoming – guests included Lord Heseltine, former Deputy Prime Minister of the UK, David Lidington, former Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, Jeremy Hunt, former Foreign Secretary, Sir Oliver Letwin, former Minister for Government Policy in the Cabinet Office, Mark Sedwill, former UK Cabinet Secretary and Head of the Civil Service and National Security Adviser, Sir Vince Cable, former Leader of the Liberal Democrats, Lord Powell, Lord Sassoon, Lord Howell, Lord Bates, Lord Green, Lord O'Neill, Lord Wilson, Lord Davidson, Lord McNally, Lord Dobbs, Lord Giddens, Lord Desai, Lord Soley, Richard Graham MP, Chairman of APPCG, Mark Logan MP, Mark Hendrick MP, Lisa Cameron MP, Philip Dunne MP, Liam Byrne MP, Barry Gardiner MP.

1. https://twitter.com/appcg/status/1060151808709066752
2. https://archive.vn/IIMuW

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“On January 21, 2016 local time, President Xi Jinping met in Cairo with Parliament Speaker Ali Abdelaal of Egypt.” Link "The result of the FJP’s first exchange with China yielded tangible benefits for all parties. China’s hosting of Morsi during this critical juncture in Egyptian politics, however, reveals a more subtle geopolitical element that is worthy of note." Link “On December 21st, 2020, the communication mechanisms for the joint construction of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) between Chinese and Egyptian political parties were established by the Communist Party of China (CPC) and 12 major political parties and organizations of Egypt. The first conference was held via videolink. Zhu Rui, Assistant Minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, and leaders of Egyptian political parties, including the Nation’s Future Party, Republican People’s Party, New Wafd Party, Egyptian Communist Party and others, attended the conference and delivered speeches.” Link “Beijing, May 31st—Zhu Rui, Assistant-minister of the International Department of the CPC Central Committee, attended and addressed here today the virtual seminar on promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind between Chinese and Egyptian political parties and the second forum on state governance and development. The event was organized by the Chinese Embassy in Egypt. Liao Liqiang, Chinese Ambassador to Egypt, made a keynote speech at the event. Essam Abdel-Aziz Sharaf, former Prime Minister of Egypt, Al-Sayed al-Sherif, former First Deputy Speaker of Egypt's Parliament, leaders of 10 political parties, the head of the Coordination's Committee of Party's Youth Leaders and Politicians, and representatives of think tanks from China and Egypt attended the meeting and delivered speeches.” Link “Zhu Rui Meets with Cadre Study Group of Free Egyptians Party of Egypt” Link

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cggb//eng/xwdt/t1334594.htm
2. https://www.mei.edu/publications/egypt-turns-quietly-asia
3. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202012/t20201223_141127.html
4. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202106/t20210603_146086.html
5. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201912/t20191201_102052.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2021/gundem/daire-baskani-rapor-alip-akpli-vekille-cini-gezmis-6497330/
2. http://www.sanliurfa.gov.tr/sanliurfa-cinde-tanitildi
3. https://vatanpartisi.org.tr/genel-merkez/yerel-orgutler/vatan-partisi-yurtdisi-temsilcilikleri-19687
4. https://vatanpartisi.org.tr/genel-merkez/haberler/cin-komunist-partisi-nden-vatan-partisi-ne-ziyaret-25719
5. http://oncugenclik.org.tr/vatan-partisi-cin-ziyaretini-tamamladi/
6. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/ocak2022.tr.mfa
7. https://twitter.com/avhamzadag/status/1198524418512838656?s=20&t=he6Z5h7gKCVFJVgnVG1zkg
8. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cetur//tur/xwdt/t985298.htm

Supplementary Notes

Meetings with the representatives of the PRC are being held very often both in Turkey and China and bureaucrats and civil society representatives often attend these meetings. In addition to these, one far-right political party entitled Homeland Party has its office in China for improving their relations with the PRC. China’s Embassy in Ankara also said in a statement that the cooperation between Turkish political parties and Chinese Communist Party were improved significantly.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/9/politika/802458/delegacija-sns-otputovala-u-kinu.html
2. https://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/9/politika/3546466/djuric-na-sastanku-sa-komitetom-kp-kine-u-pekingu.html
3. https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/srbija-kina-komunisticka-partija/31345565.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cesl//eng/xwdt/t1886088.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Gabby Asare Okyere Darko, considered unofficially, as the Prime Minister, is the cousin of the president and is the single most powerful person around the President. Also, the ruling party's International Affairs Director, Mr. Attafuah, has has several meetings with PRC officials. One significant observation is that both persons were very distant ideologically from the PRC but have warmed up considerably to the PRC in recent times.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegh/eng/dszl/dsjh/t1269683.htm
2. https://mfa.gov.gh/index.php/ambassador-of-china-to-ghana-pays-courtesy-call-on-minister-for-foreign-affairs-and-regional-integration/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ccmchama.blogspot.com/2021/07/katibu-mkuu-wa-ccm-chongolo.html
2. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-03/24/content_28664166.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezanew//eng/znjl/t1497916.htm
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegm/eng/sgxw/t1866816.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Actually, members of the Chinese government even attended a party conference of the Patriotic Front (PF) at the time when the PF was in power. However, the socialist party invited the Cuban Ambassador to their conference, the PF government was angered. The PF government actually expelled the Cuban Ambassador

1. https://www.africanews.com/2018/04/02/zambia-expels-cuban-ambassador-for-backing-new-opposition-party/
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezm/eng/sgzxdthxx/t1793536.htm
3. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/03/01/114195/

Supplementary Notes

Previous Ambassador to Zambia, Li Jie presided over events at which the Communist Party of China presented the Patriotic Front with the Epidemic Prevention and Control Materials Aid. More information was posted on the website of the Chinese Embassy: Link Members of the Patriotic Front youth had met with Chinese officials at the Chinese Embassy to raise concerns about the then opposition party in Zambia the United Party for National Development. Link

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezm/eng/sgzxdthxx/t1793536.htm
2. https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/03/01/114195/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

This is quite a common phenomenon. The Chinese ambassador has notably met with representatives of most Austrian political parties, especially Austria’s traditional government parties Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). However, it seems that rather than targeting specific parties, Chinese representatives have sought to meet political parties currently in power. Indeed, during the coalition government between the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and the far-right Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) between 2017 and 2019, PRC representatives have increasingly met with representatives of the FPÖ.

1. http://at.china-embassy.gov.cn/det/news/201903/t20190328_2145727.htm
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceat/det/xwdt/t1649044.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.bpxv.hu/hirek/61084

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC has kept up with meetings with both the members of Taliban and the Afghan government during the days which these two sides are in power.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegv//eng/zgyw/t1895950.htm
2. https://www.rfi.fr/cn/国际/20220324-王毅首访塔利班执掌下的阿富汗
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/wjbz_673089/zyhd_673091/201601/t20160126_7575975.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Ilham Aliyev met with Chairman of People's Republic of China Xi Jinping in Beijing. (see below URL 1) President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan Meets with Wang Yi. (see below URL 2) Wang Yi Meets with Foreign Minister Elmar Mammadyarov of Azerbaijan (see below URL 3)

1. https://president.az/en/articles/view/32860
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cejm/eng/zgxw/t1666775.htm
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceau/eng/zgxw_4/t1598494.htm

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

All the time

1. https://www.app.com.pk/global/7th-cpec-media-forum-eyes-fruitful-results/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese president meets Kazakh PM in Astana, Chinese president meets Kazakh parliament speaker in Astana, Chinese, Kazakh presidents sign joint declaration in Astana, Chinese, Kazakh presidents hold talks in Astana Link President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Kazakhstan Meets with Wang Yi Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/xjp201309/
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1814903.shtml

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.parliament.go.ke/virtual-conference-between-national-assembly-kenya-and-national-peoples-congress-npc-peoples

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/fra/zxxx/202111/t20211130_10459159.html

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Chinese CP invited Alberto Fernández to attend the celebrations for the 100 years of the party (reference 1). Peronism reinforces the link with the Communist Party of China for the formation of political cadres (reference 2). There are strong links between the Peronist Party in Argentina and the PRC. The meetings between current and former senators and deputies were relevant because of the centrality of this political party.

1. https://www.grupolaprovincia.com/politica/el-pc-chino-invito-a-alberto-fernandez-a-asistir-a-las-celebraciones-por-los-100-anos-del-partido-702880
2. https://www.infobae.com/politica/2020/08/12/el-peronismo-refuerza-el-vinculo-con-el-partido-comunista-de-china-para-la-formacion-de-cuadros-politicos/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://spanish.xinhuanet.com/2021-04/20/c_139893892.htm
2. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202104/21/WS607f6714a31024ad0bab9303.html
3. https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/china/index.php/es/ver-mas/164-com1519

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. http://ca.china-embassy.org/eng/zjgx/t567304.htm
2. https://www.parl.ca/diplomacy/en/associations/cacn/activities-and-reports

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Meeting occur often, including higher levels of politics.

1. http://www.chinaembassy.org.pl/chn/ywzn/ggwj/t1820959.htm
2. https://www.senat.gov.pl/aktualnoscilista/art,13621,22-kwietnia-2021-r-.html
3. https://archive.vn/03b2n
4. http://www.chinaembassy.org.pl/chn/ywzn/ggwj/t1820955.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday met with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, calling on both sides to seize opportunities to consolidate and strengthen bilateral comprehensive cooperation and bring more benefits to the two peoples. Link From 8 to 10 September, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Uzbekistan. He held talks with Uzbek President Islam Karimov and visited the historical and cultural city of Samarkand with President Karimov's company. The two presidents signed and issued the Joint Declaration Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Further Developing and Deepening the Strategic Partnership and signed the Treaty on Friendship and Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Link Li Keqiang Arrives in Tashkent to Attend the 18th Meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of Government and Pay an Official Visit to Uzbekistan Link Shavkat Mirziyaev has arrived in China to pay his first official visit to that country as Uzbekistan's president. Link China welcomed the Uzbek president, Islam Karimov, to a summit meeting yesterday, saying the two countries stood united against terrorism. Link On May 12, the second China+Central Asia (C+C5) Foreign Ministers’ Meeting was held in Xi’an City, a capital of Shaanxi Province, located in northwest China. The discussion focused on the pandemic and related matters, economic cooperation as well as regional security with an emphasis on the case of Afghanistan. Link Meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China- Link

1. https://english.news.cn/20220205/9590f7fccc2c4ca6a6df29a935530cf2/c.html
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/dozys_664276/gjlb_664280/3255_664392/
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebn//eng/zgxw/t1713366.htm
4. https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-president-china-visit/28480763.html
5. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/26/china
6. https://warsawinstitute.org/chinacentral-asia-cc5-meeting/
7. https://sng.today/tashkent/17001-diplomaty-uzbekistana-i-kitaja-obsudili-perspektivy-razvitija-vsestoronnih-otnoshenij.html

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.nrsr.sk/web/Default.aspx?sid=poslanci/zpc&PoslanecID=275&CisObdobia=6

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.valeursactuelles.com/politique/presidentielle-buon-tan-le-depute-lrem-tres-proche-du-parti-communiste-chinois
2. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/02/27/le-depute-buon-tan-relais-d-influence-de-la-chine-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6115470_3210.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Even in the context of the ongoing Sino-Lithuanian relationship crisis, members of the Lithuanian Seimas (parliament) from the opposition to the current government have met with Chinese diplomats.

1. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1555496/lithuanian-mps-meet-chinese-diplomat-express-regret-over-vilnius-beijing-tensions
2. https://www.delfi.lt/en/politics/surplys-meets-with-chinese-acting-charge-daffaires-as-tensions-rise.d?id=89444517

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP) has routinely met with CCP representatives. The BSP even established an affiliate in Wuhan.

1. https://news.bg/politics/bsp-se-sreshta-s-komunisticheskite-partii-na-kitay-i-vietnam.html
2. https://bsp.bg/news/view/5112-sergej_stanishev_se_sreshtna_s_delegaciq_ot_kitajskata_narodna_republika.html
3. https://www.mediapool.bg/bsp-s-partiyna-organizatsiya-v-kitai-v-chest-na-vizitata-na-oresharski-news210958.html

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2020/02/09/kiinalaiset-maksoivat-useita-mika-niikon-matkoja-kansanedustajan-kiina-yhteydet

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gc5NO7JuE6M
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNo8RcQZwTA&t=72s

Supplementary Notes

La reunión más reciente se realizó de forma virtual, el 19 de octubre del 2021.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/noticias/diputado-panameno-recibe-visita-parlamentaria-de-china
2. https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/noticias/parlamentarios-panamenos-reciben-delegacion-de-trabajadores-de-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.cdep.ro/relatii_publice/site2015.text_presa?pid=15753
2. http://www.cdep.ro/relatii_publice/site2015.text_presa?pid=18140
3. http://ro.china-embassy.gov.cn/rom/dsxxnew/dshdnew/201910/t20191020_2987822.html

Supplementary Notes

On 13 July 2016, Mr. Florin Iordache, President of the Chamber of Deputies, welcomed a delegation of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, led by the Chairman of the Committee, Fu Ying

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.liberoquotidiano.it/news/commenti-e-opinioni/27967668/enrico-letta-affari-cina-non-piacciono-usa-a-quale-poltrona-dice-addio-segretario-pd.html
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20200310091132/https://henryjacksonsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HJS-Sharp-Power-Report-FINAL.pdf
3. https://it.notizie.yahoo.com/m5s-blitz-grillo-ad-ambasciata-182617058.html

Supplementary Notes

While many parties meet with Chinese officials, few seem really swayed

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. On December 22, 2021, Vice Foreign Minister Le Yucheng and Belarusian Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Nikolai Borisevich held video consultations between Chinese and Belarusian Foreign Ministries. The two sides exchanged views on bilateral relations, high-level exchanges, practical cooperation, and international and regional issues of common concern. (see below URL 1) 2. On June 24, 2016 local time, President Xi Jinping met in Tashkent with President Alexander Lukashenko of Belarus. (see below URL 2) 3. On May 12, 2022 the First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Belarus, Sergei Aleinik, met with the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People’s Republic of China, Xie Xiaoyun. (see below URL 3) 4. He Wei, vice-chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee, met with Valery Mitskevich, deputy chairman of the House of Representatives of Belarus, via video link on April 29 (see below URL 4) 5. Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko visited China and was welcomed by Xi Jinping in September 2016 (see below URL 5)

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202112/t20211223_10474837.html
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegv/eng/wjyw/t1375781.htm
3. https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/f9bafda09d4d6219.html
4. http://en.cppcc.gov.cn/2021-05/01/c_624063.htm
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j-2yfkt5lik

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It is worth noting that meetings were more before the pandemic but restrictions of travel I think that prevented some of them taking place. Thus the virtual meeting reference provided as reference 2.

1. https://www.efe.com/efe/espana/politica/los-presidentes-de-parlamentos-chino-y-espanol-acuerdan-reforzar-la-cooperacion/10002-4699241
2. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202103/t20210318_145415.html
3. https://www.abc.es/espana/abci-rajoy-china-oportunidad-para-espana-ruta-seda-tras-salir-fuerza-crisis-201705140619_noticia.html
4. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201505/t20150506_73642.html
5. https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-psoe-mantendra-encuentros-lideres-partido-comunista-chino-parte-delegacion-socialista-europea-20110701155653.html
6. https://www.congreso.es/notas-de-prensa?p_p_id=notasprensa&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view
7. https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-psoe-mantendra-encuentros-lideres-partido-comunista-chino-parte-delegacion-socialista-europea-20110701155653.html

Supplementary Notes

Some evidence on the relationship and official meetings prior to COVID outbreak (see URL3~URL7 above).

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

They are a few because it is only the party in government but they are clearly significant.

1. https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202202/t20220225_148411.html
2. https://www.el19digital.com/articulos/ver/titulo:123385-nicaragua-participa-en-foro-del-partido-comunista-de-china-
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/esp/wjb/zzjg/bmdyzs/xwlb/202112/t20211210_10466647.html

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2021 - "Members of the Lower House's Foreign Affairs Committee and Chinese Ambassador Chen Chuandong on Tuesday discussed political and economic relations between the two countries and regional issues. Head of the committee MP Mirza Bolad said that Jordan and China maintained friendly relations, and called for closer cooperation and the exchange of expertise between the Jordanian parliament and China's National People's Congress, the Jordan News Agency, Petra, reported." Link 2021 - "Senate Second Vice President Rajai Muasher Monday discussed with the vice-chairperson of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Chen Xiaoguang, ways and means of cementing relations between the two countries, particularly in parliamentary fields." Link

1. https://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/members-house-foreign-affairs-committee-meet-china-ambassador
2. https://petra.gov.jo/Include/InnerPage.jsp?ID=39453&lang=ar&name=en_news

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Al-Mustaqbal delegation meets with Chinese Vice Foreign Minister 2015 Link(0/ The Lebanese Foreign Minister meets the Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon to discuss the Syrian crisis Link President of the Lebanese Republic, Michel Aoun, met the Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon Wang Kejian at the Presidential Palace in Baabda Link

1. https://www.lebanonfiles.com/news/929750/javascript(0/
2. http://arabic.people.com.cn/31660/8012956.html
3. https://www.spa.gov.sa/viewfullstory.php?lang=ar&newsid=1888997

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Premier Li meets with Latvian parliament speaker: Link Vice Foreign Minister Song Tao Meets with Chairman of the Latvian-Chinese Friendship Group of the Latvian Parliament:Link Zhang Dejiang, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress, meets with Latvian President Raimonds Vejonis in Riga, Latvia, April 12, 2017(Zhang paid a three-day official visit to Latvia, which ended on Friday): Link Chinese premier arrives in Latvia for an official visit, at China-CEE summit: Link Premier Li arrives in Latvia for an official visit, China-CEE summit: Link Keqiang Arrives in Riga to Attend 5th Summit of China and Central and Eastern European Countries and Pay Official Visit to Latvia: Link Premier Li Keqiang met with Edgars Rinkevics, Foreign Minister and Representative of Latvian Prime Minister, who was attending the Meeting of Heads of Government of Central and Eastern European Countries and China in Bucharest, Romania: Link

1. http://www.china-ceec.org/eng/ldrhw_1/2016lj/201611/t20161105_6828386.htm
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cetl//eng/xwdt/t1035809.htm
3. http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c2766/201704/db2f7de1a94d4742988db4c59125481f.shtml
4. http://www.china-ceec.org/eng/zyxw_4/201611/t20161107_6512666.htm
5. http://english.www.gov.cn/premier/news/2016/11/04/content_281475482842187.htm
6. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/2016zt/lkqfwjejssthskstltwyelsbcxxlgjhy/201611/t20161108_704302.html
7. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/xos_664404/gjlb_664408/3190_664610/

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The International Liaison Department (ILD) is the main PRC representative meeting the political parties in Turkmenistan, as these reports "How Inter-Party Exchanges in Central Asia Promote the Belt and Road Initiative" and the report "Representatives of the three parties of Turkmenistan attended the special presentation meeting on the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee" showed. Their meetings are frequent and did not stop during pandemic. The Chinese Ambassador in Ashgabat also meet with these heads of political parties regularly. The current Chinese Ambassador in Ashgabat was also head of the ILD Eurasia desk. The political parties that ILD meets with in Turkmenistan do not contribute meaningfully in local politics, thus rated insignificant.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cetm/chn/sbwl/t1911776.htm
2. http://tm.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sbwl/202111/t20211120_10450911.htm
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cetm//chn/sbwl/t1621460.htm
4. http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2016-06/16/c_129068549.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://socialistii.md/vlad-batrincea-china-este-un-prieten-si-partener-sincer/
2. https://a-tv.md/vlad-batrincea-la-intrevederea-cu-ambasadorul-chinei-moldova-si-china-au-relatii-de-colaborare-si-prietenie-sincere-si-deschise/
3. http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202112/d3dbd0a33e6041509f43cd2f0cce0c08.shtml

Supplementary Notes

Mostly on the Left side of the spectrum and as a proxy for Russian influence, so their support for Beijing should not be considered 100% genuine

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://ukranews.com/en/news/787147-servant-of-the-people-political-party-has-common-principles-with-the-communist-party-of-china

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese President Xi Jinping (R) meets with Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, who is in China to attend the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilizations (CDAC), at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, May 14, 2019. [Photo: Xinhua/Yao Dawei]

1. http://chinaplus.cri.cn/opinion/opedblog/23/20190521/291757.html
2. https://www.primeminister.am/en/press-release/item/2021/02/09/Nikol-Pashinyan-Ambassador-of-China/

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Wang Yi Meets with Tajik Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin Link President Hu Jintao Meets with Tajik Counterpart Rahmon Link Xi Jinping Meets With President Emomali Rahmon of Tajikistan Link Li Keqiang Meets with Prime Minister Qohir Rasulzoda of Tajikistan Link

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/wshd_665389/t1814687.shtml
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/hjtcxshfh_665754/t831234.shtml
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/topics_665678/jnkzsl70zn/t1294787.shtml
4. http://kolkata.china-consulate.org/eng/zgbd/t1516190.htm

Supplementary Notes

On September 20, 2018, the sixteenth meeting of the Prosecutor Generals of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization member states was held in Dushanbe. The Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Prosecutor's Office of the People's Republic of China took part in the meeting. Link During the year (2010) Tajikistan was visited by about 80 delegations of foreign countries and international organizations, among which one should especially note the official visit of the Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Wēn Jiābǎo (November) Link

1. http://docstore.ohchr.org/SelfServices/FilesHandler.ashx?enc=6QkG1d%2FPPRiCAqhKb7yhstnmplSEIbm%2BRnl3Df%2BMS62cJQCjTL3biIqDmjLM1J8iH0tO%2FWqIIOhuAmAb9KArcWLkxJjHhV%2Bm7cK77rDjIWE8U%2FqQyP0yHKhWi2qe1igEqDh6P5ImRjKlQQMhl0gzZg%3D%3D
2. https://mfa.tj/uploads/main/2013/03/2010_ejegodnik.pdf

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been meetings between congresspeople/political party leaders and the Chinese ambassador in Colombia. These meetings, however, are commonplace, and mostly protocolary. Similar meetings have been had between the same Colombian political figures and ambassadors from other countries, with no implications. Meanwhile, during the period of study (2020-2021), there have been no meetings between China-based PRC officials and congresspeople.

1. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/-2PK8pB7snX5zXDPUq9Lhw
2. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/oFLFhZRpcGqxmw8yp72pQg

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Meetings are limited to the visits from/to PRC ambassador in BiH within the given time slot research is addressing.

1. http://www.kina-danas.com/delegacija-sda-bih-na-sastanku-u-ambasadi-narodne-republike-kine-u-sarajevu/
2. https://www.kina-danas.com/covic-i-ji-odrzali-telefonski-sastanak/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Some leaders of the Communist Party of India (M) aligns with the PRC based on historical connection and ideological connection. At the same time, one could find in the past, that the Indian Union Minister of State for Planning M. V. Rajasekharan has attended functions organized by ICFA, Karnataka chapter. In the guise of people-to-people diplomacy, perhaps they are executing the works of the PRC, Beijing.

1. https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/left-leaders-sitaram-yechury-d-raja-others-attend-chinese-communist-partys-centenary-event/791968

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.skupstina.me/me/clanci/odrzan-sastanak-predsjednika-odbora-za-medunarodne-odnose-i-iseljenike-i-ambasadora-nr-kine
2. https://www.skupstina.me/me/clanci/odrzan-sastanak-potpredsjednice-bosnjak-sa-ambasadorom-kine

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We have seen that representatives of the ruling Awami League and the opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) met PRC officials before the pandemic.

1. https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/bengali/china-mou-03212019171549.html
2. https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/2017/09/18/awami-leagues-courtesy-visit-china-turning-diplomatic-tour
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebd/eng/zmjw/t1436843.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are regular meeting between Chinese politicians and the Chinese ambassador in Belgium with members of the Belgium-China Friendship Group of the Federal Belgium Parliament.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebel/eng/sghd/t1638270.htm
2. http://uip.fed-parl.be/ipu/complete_list_fr.html#list
3. http://uip.fed-parl.be/ipu/reports/2020/20200717_China/fr.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no regular and formalized exchanges to my knowledge. But before the pandemic, exchanges did take place on an individual basis. All major Swedish parties share a deep-seated China-skepticism.

1. https://news.cgtn.com/news/7a4d7a4e30517a6333566d54/index.html
2. https://www.channelstv.com/2017/06/26/chinas-president-meets-swedish-finnish-pm-beijing/
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/gjhdq_665435/3265_665445/3361_664782/3363_664786/201906/t20190612_579549.html

Answered by Richard Turcsányi, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As an example, a member of parliament from the New Democracy party has posted on Facebook pictures from his visit to China in November 2019 at the invitation of the CCP (see beolw URL1). No further evidence of this visit is publicly available. In addition, in May 2022 there was an online meeting between the speaker of the Greek parliament and the chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee (see beolw URL2). It was covered by the Greek media as well, e.g. "Τηλεδιάσκεψη Τασούλα με τον Πρόεδρο του Λαϊκού Κογκρέσου της Κίνας: «Πρέπει να λήξει άμεσα ο πόλεμος στην Ουκρανία»" (see beolw URL3).

1. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=286527472305442&set=a.109284620029729
2. http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/ctenglish/2018/zdtj/202205/t20220525_800295173.html
3. https://www.newsbeast.gr/politiki/arthro/8640723/tilediaskepsi-tasoula-me-ton-proedro-tou-laikou-kogkresou-tis-kinas-prepei-na-lixei-amesa-o-polemos-stin-oukrania

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://faktor.mk/apasiev-i-levica-na-100-godishninata-od-komunistichkata-partija-na-kina
2. https://www.vmro-dpmne.org.mk/index.php/vesti/soopstenija/10975-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%80-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0,-%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D1%95%D1%83%D0%BE

Supplementary Notes

In July, 2021, a delegation from North Macedonia’s Levica, [Left] party attended a world summit marking the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party, an event which was held online. This party is represented by 2 MP’s in North Macedonia’s 120-members Parliament, but is believed to be growing in popularity. The party has proclaimed anti-NATO and anti-Western views, and since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, has met the Russian ambassador in the country and repeatedly shared Russian stances on the invasion, portraying it as a special military action to ‘de-nazify’ Ukraine. Otherwise, Chinese Ambassadors have a semi-regular practice of meeting representatives of the biggest political parties in the country of at least once in one or two years. These meetings always pass in a cordial atmosphere, but no substantial cooperation has resulted. The press releases from such meeting follow a similar pattern where the economic cooperation and perspectives are usually emphasized, and near the end follows a remark that the political party in question has emphasized its pro-EU stances. The last such meeting took place in June 9 between Chinese Ambassador Zhang Zuo and the leadership of the main opposition conservative VMRO-DPMNE party

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Sólo se reportan dichas visitas, en el enlace 1 se evidencia que esta fue por temas de cooperación no de diálogo político.

1. https://confirmado.net/2021/12/09/embajada-de-china-intensifica-su-labor-social-en-ecuador/
2. https://twitter.com/panchojimenezs/status/1438556001750462477

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.eerstekamer.nl/nieuws/20191114/staten_generaal_ontvangt_chinese
2. https://nos.nl/artikel/2270843-groenlinks-na-werkbezoek-in-china-tegen-5g-netwerk-van-huawei
3. https://www.tweedekamer.nl/nieuws/kamernieuws/chinese-parlementaire-delegatie-bezoekt-tweede-kamer

Supplementary Notes

Only official visits of Chinese officials have been found. A high delegation was hosted by the parliament and senate in 2019, Xi Jinping visited the Netherlands in 2014. The leader of the Green Left party visited China in 2019, but upon return argued that Huawei should be banned from the 5G network, and in 2021 argued against sending a Dutch delegation to the Beijing Winter Olympics

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There were no meetings and training sessions during the research period, but there were meetings and training sessions between EPRDF officials (former key political party) between 2011 and 2016 Link

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.senado.gov.py/index.php/noticias/noticias-generales/5954-bancada-del-fg-entrego-insumos-medicos-al-ministerio-de-salud-2020-06-22-18-19-03

Supplementary Notes

There are no reports of official meetings, but a group of legislators received donations from the PRC.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.