Foreign Policy

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/wip/CbvbV

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/471Eb

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We provided two links where the existence of such parliamentary friendship group exists. The article published on the Chinese Embassy's official webpage Link mentions that in 2019, Lantern festival was attended by the Chairman of the China-Georgia Friendship Group within the Parliament of Georgia, Otar Danelia. In the second article, it is mentioned that Davit Saganelidze, Executive Director of the Partnership Fund, led the Georgian-Chinese Parliamentary Friendship Group for three years. Link

1. http://ge.china-embassy.org/eng/xwdt/t1639933.htm
2. https://www.fund.ge/site/news/206

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In 2018, the President of the Kyrgyz Republic, Mr. Jeenbekov, paid a state visit to China, during which the leaders of both countries decided to raise the Chinese-Kyrgyz relations to the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership. In June this year, the President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Xi Jinping, paid a successful state visit to Kyrgyzstan. The leaders of both countries signed a Joint Declaration on deepening the Chinese-Kyrgyz relations of comprehensive strategic partnership and brought bilateral relations between our countries into a new historical era with new chances for further development. Also add evidence on Kyrgyzstan-China parliamentary friendship group members meet Chinese Ambassador.

1. http://kg.china-embassy.org/rus/ggwj/t1790710.htm
2. https://mfa.gov.kg/ru/dm/posolstvo-kyrgyzskoy-respubliki-v-kitayskoy-narodnoy-respublike/menyu---inostrannoe/--uslugi/politicheskoe-sotrudnichestvo/er
3. https://akipress.com/news:672803:Kyrgyzstan-China_parliamentary_friendship_group_members_meet_Chinese_Ambassador/

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.parlam.kz/en/mazhilis/news-details/id41631/1/1
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/wsrc_665395/202111/t20211124_10452655.html
3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cenz//eng/xw/t285011.htm

Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The 10th meeting of the Sino-Armenian Joint Commission on Trade and Economic Affairs was held in Yerevan

1. http://am2.mofcom.gov.cn/article/bilateralvisits/202104/20210403051929.shtml

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

To strengthen bilateral parliamentary relations, friendship and cooperation groups of the Majlisi Namoyandagon were created "and parliamentary commissions with the parliaments of countries such as Russia, China, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Hungary and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, India, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Jordan, Morocco, Belarus, Armenia, Romania, Slovakia, Germany, Korea, Azerbaijan and other countries. Link The two sides will further support the exchanges and cooperation between the National People's Congress of China and the Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan and between their specialized committees and friendship groups, constantly improve the legal foundation for bilateral relations, enhance traditional friendship and deepen the mutual understanding between the two peoples. Link

1. https://mfa.tj/ru/berlin/view/6291/parlament
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t511334.shtml

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www.parliament.go.ke/virtual-conference-between-national-assembly-kenya-and-national-peoples-congress-npc-peoples

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In October 20121, the National Assembly and the People’s Republic of China’s National People’s Congress held the fifth Regular Exchange Mechanism (REM) meeting to assess progress with the bilateral cooperation and solutions to the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic.

1. https://www.parliament.gov.za/news/national-assembly-speaker-holds-regular-exchange-mechanism-meeting-china

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper and Joyce Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cebe/fra/zxxx/t537801.htm

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a parliamentary group Brazil - PRC, composed of 32 Brazilian deputies. The parliamentary group was founded in 1993. In the Brazilian senate there is also a parliamentary group, created in 2004.

1. https://www2.camara.leg.br/legin/int/rescad/1993/resolucaodacamaradosdeputados-47-30-junho-1993-321226-norma-pl.html
2. https://legis.senado.leg.br/norma/592946/publicacao/15678637

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.qamasa.com/2020/12/23/bolivia-y-china-restablecen-cooperacion-a-nivel-legislativo/

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Parliamentary Group of Friendship with the People's Republic of China (reference 1) The parliamentary group of friendship with the People's Republic of China was formed (reference 2).

1. https://www.hcdn.gob.ar/diplomacia_parlamentaria/organismos/grupos-parlamentarios-de-amistad/grupo-parlamentario-amistad-2018-2019/GPA_China.html
2. https://www.diputados.gob.ar/diplomacia_parlamentaria/eventos/2018/09/agenda_20180927b.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Created in 1992, until 2019 has eleven members. In the new legislature (2020-2024) there is no designation yet but will be soon.

1. https://parlamento.gub.uy/camarasycomisiones/asambleageneral/gai/8?Fecha%5Bdate%5D=27-04-2021+

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There parliamentary Chile-China groups mentioned above are both in the Chamber of Representatives (Diputados). There is no official group at the Chilean Senate.

1. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/diputado-issa-kort-50-aniversario-relaciones-china
2. https://www.camara.cl/diputados/grupo_interparlamentario_integrantes.aspx?prmId=16&prmPage=1

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is such a group at the level of the Senate, but it’s not active, does not speak publicly on matters relevant to the relationship, and there is not even a list of members. Whatever influence it might have, it is very weak.

1. http://co.china-embassy.org/esp/zggx/t769773.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. http://www5.diputados.gob.mx/index.php/camara/Grupo-de-Amistad-Mexico-China/Actas
2. https://diputadosmorena.org.mx/instalan-en-la-camara-de-diputados-grupo-de-amistad-mexico-china/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The most influence congressman in Peru belonged to this group. The congressmen involved are Carlos Fernando Mesias Ramirez and Mariano Andres Yupanqui Miñano.

1. https://www.congreso.gob.pe/ligasparlamentarias/2016-2021/ligaparlamentaria-peru-china
2. https://twitter.com/ilanegra/status/1362068731287986177
3. https://andina.pe/agencia/noticia-integrantes-liga-parlamentaria-peruchina-declaran-no-haber-sido-vacunados-834334.aspx

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below link.

1. http://m.mcnews.kr/66613

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Japan-China Friendship Parliamentarians' Union (日中友好議員連盟, Nitchū Yūkō Giin Renmei) has friendly relations with the Chinese government and the CCP.

1. http://japanese.cri.cn/20190505/8a3a3095-493e-5836-1f82-2c3dae45a4f7.html

Answered by Shin Kawashima and George Remisovsky, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nhóm Nghị sỹ hữu nghị Việt-Trung Reports in the Internet about this group are not available in the period after Jan 2020, although the group still exists.

1. https://baodantoc.vn/thuc-day-hop-tac-giua-quoc-hoi-hai-nuoc-viet-nam-trung-quoc-40186.htm

Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Thailand-China Parliamentarians Friendship Group paid a courtesy call on Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Thailand to exchange their views about the diplomatic relations between Thailand and China.Link)

1. http://th.china-embassy.org/eng/dszl/dshd/t1578950.htm
2. https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/download/article/article_20180705160850.pdf
3. https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/49681

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Parliamentary Friendship Groups Link

1. https://www.parlimen.gov.my/ypdr/parliementary-friendship-groups.html?&lang=en

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

However, it is a “parliamentary group” (not friendship group). It is a formal structure that the Bundestag maintains with the partliament of each country in the world. There is a representative from each German political party in it (6 in total, SPD, CDU, AfD, FDP, Greens, Linke). While some members are “friendly” others, e.g. Bause of the Greens, is an outspoken critic of CCP policies. For a 2020 interview with its head, Dagmar Schmidt of the SPD, see (in German): Link For the group itself, see: See: Link Dagmar Schmidt interview in English: Link

1. https://merics.org/de/interview/dagmar-schmidt-dass-der-rege-austausch-abgerissen-ist-ist-sehr-schade-gerade-diesen
2. https://www.bundestag.de/europa_internationales/parlamentariergruppen#url=L2V1cm9wYV9pbnRlcm5hdGlvbmFsZXMvcGFybGFtZW50YXJpZXJncnVwcGVuL3BhcmxhbWVudGFyaWVyZ3J1cHBlbi0xOTYzNjI=&mod=mod442312
3. https://merics.org/en/interview/its-pity-such-lively-exchange-has-stopped-dagmar-schmidt-dialogue-china

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow and Yu-Fen Lai, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is the NPC China-Estonia Friendship Group and Riigikogu Estonia-China parliamentary group.

1. https://www.riigikogu.ee/en/parliament-of-estonia/parliamentary-groups/parliamentary-group/7f8b227d-ec18-ce25-9cf7-ec1a0a265d2c/Eesti-Hiina%20parlamendir%C3%BChm/
2. http://www.chinaembassy.ee/chn/dssghd/t1702457.htm

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

2021 "During his visit to Egypt, Wang also held talks with Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry, signed an agreement on the establishment of an intergovernmental cooperation committee between China and Egypt." Link “The National People’s Congress of China has established mechanisms for regular exchanges with parliaments in Egypt, South Africa and Kenya, and bilateral friendship groups with parliaments in 35 African countries.” Link

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202107/1229002.shtml
2. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/202111/t20211126_10453904.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Jordan-China Friendship Committee of the Senate, Jordan-China Cultural Cooperation Committee Link

1. https://tagconfucius.com/article/view/Directors-of-TAG-Confucius-Institute-Attend-National-Day-Reception-Held-by-Chinese-Embassy-in-Jordan

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Lebanese-Chinese Friendship Committee Link

1. https://www.lp.gov.lb/MemberDetails?Id=14
2. https://cpaffc.org.cn/index/xiehui/diquguobieyouxie/lang/2.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/DostlukGruplari/GenelBilgi?ulkeId=185
2. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/tbmm-baskani-yildirim-turkiye-cin-iliskileri-yildan-yila-gelisiyor/1330523

Supplementary Notes

Supporting Evidence: Turkey and China have had parliamentary friendship groups for some time. The last parliamentary friendship group was established following the general elections in 2018. The group is chaired by Ahmet Arslan, a lawmaker from the ruling Justice and Development Party and consists of MPs from other political parties. The Speaker of the Turkish Parliament also received the parliamentary group several times and commented positively on Turkey-China relations.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/a345066-osnovana-zajednicka-parlamentarna-komisija-srbije-i-kine/
2. https://rtv.rs/sr_lat/politika/sastanak-delegacija-skupstine-i-nacionalnog-komiteta-kine_1044487.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

At the same time, there are associations such as the India-China Friendship Association (ICFA) and The China-India Friendship Association (CIFA) in China, which could be instrumental in influencing the choice of the controversial topic or initiating any activities in favor of the PRC, China. India-China Friendship Association Karnataka Chapter, which is very active in the organization of different functions related to India and China. Recently they planned to organize a “Seminar on Taiwan” with a controversial topic, "Interference of US imperialist in the internal affairs of the People's Republic of China" and a Chinese photographic exhibition, however, at the last minute, it got canceled.

1. https://ipg.nic.in/LIstPFG.aspx
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cein/eng/ssygd/fiveprinciple/t146472.htm
3. https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2022/aug/28/india-china-friendship-association-calls-off-seminar-after-siddaramaiah-declines-invitation-2492194.html
4. https://cpaffc.org.cn/index/xiehui/diquguobieyouxie_detail/id/45/lang/2.html
5. https://www.facebook.com/ICFADelhi/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr. Tenzin Tsultrim

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rtcg.me/vijesti/drustvo/328474/potrebna-jaca-parlamentarna-saradnja-cg-i-kine.html
2. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/473411/becic-uvjeren-sam-da-ce-se-uzajamni-odnosi-crne-gore-i-nr-kine-produbljivati-u-najboljem-interesu-gradjana
3. https://www.vijesti.me/vijesti/politika/520991/lekic-rezultati-kine-primjer-na-koji-se-treba-ugledati

Supplementary Notes

The ruling Democratic Front's MP Branka Bosnjak is the head of the parliamentary friendship group. Five of a total six members are from the Democratic Front, while one is from the ruling Democratic Montenegro.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

“Vice Foreign Minister Song Tao Meets with Chairman of the Latvian-Chinese Friendship Group of the Latvian Parliament”: Link

1. https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/your-security-plan

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegh//eng/xwdt/t220791.htm
2. https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-china-resolve-to-deepen-ties.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-03/24/content_28664166.htm
2. https://www.bbc.com/swahili/habari-57675769

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.nrsr.sk/web/

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/instances/fiche/OMC_PO733117
2. https://www.senat.fr/groupe-interparlementaire-amitie/ami_584.html
3. https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2022/02/27/le-depute-buon-tan-relais-d-influence-de-la-chine-a-l-assemblee-nationale_6115470_3210.html

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As of the end of September 2022, in the current (13th) Seimas (Lithuania's Parliament), elected in 2020, there are 28 members of the Group for Inter-Parliamentary Relations with the People's Republic of China (out of 141 members of the Seimas overall). On the other hand, there are also three "inter-parliamentary provisionary" groups marked by a clear anti-Beijing/CCP stance, namely for relations with Hong Kong (17 members), Taiwan (36 members), and Tibet (11 members). Notably, even participation in the first group does not necessarily imply a pro-Beijing stance, although some of its members have indeed become some of the most vocals critics of the current government's decision to review its relationship with China that contributed to the ongoing bilateral diplomatic crisis.

1. https://www.lrs.lt/sip/portal.show?p_r=38800&p_k=2
2. https://www.delfi.lt/en/politics/surplys-meets-with-chinese-acting-charge-daffaires-as-tensions-rise.d?id=89444517

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the current parliament there are no members of this group. But in previous parliaments it included numerous MPs.

1. https://www.parliament.bg/bg/friendshipgroups/2695

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Parliamentary friendship groups are very common in Austrial The Austrian parliament has an Austrian-China parliamentarian group. This group, however, includes both China ‘friendly’ and more critical AUSTRIAN parliamentarians, not Chinese ones. Moreover, the group does seem to play a major role in shaping bilateral relations.

1. https://www.parlament.gv.at/PERK/PI/BIPARLG/ParlG_C_G.shtml#ParlG_China
2. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceat//det/xwdt/t1571073.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Magyar-Kínai Baráti Csoport (tranlsates as Hungary-China Friendship Group)

1. https://www.parlament.hu/web/guest/barati-tagozatok-2018-2022-41.-ciklus?p_p_id=hu_parlament_cms_pair_portlet_PairProxy_INSTANCE_GFdMcDYLqhEG&p_p_lifecycle=1&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_auth=pQPtFJmf&_hu_parlament_cms_pair_portlet_PairProxy_INSTANCE_GFdMcDYLqhEG_pairAction=%2Finternet%2Fcplsql%2Fogy_ipu.ipu_taglap%3FP_Ckl%3D41%26P_NYELV%3DHU%26P_IPU%3Dk%C3%ADnai%26P_MIND%3D

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Belgian parliament has many bilateral friendship groups with different countries, among them with China.

1. http://uip.fed-parl.be/index_ipu_fr.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11246365

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a Greece-China Friendship Group in parliament, bringing together 27 MPs (out of a total of 300) from all the political parties. The latest activity of this group reported on the parliament’s website relates to a meeting with a delegation from Sichuan province in October 2019 (see below URL2).

1. https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Diethneis-Drastiriotites/Diethnes-Perivallon/Omades-Filias-All/?countryId=47396220-bd10-4e34-aa16-f651cb703dca&pageNo=1
2. https://www.hellenicparliament.gr/Enimerosi/Deltia-Typou/?press=cbe94ec9-8876-431f-91e7-aaed00ff3ac9.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.sobranie.mk/pg-2020-2024-ns_article-pg-kina-20.nspx
2. https://ecfr.eu/special/china-balkans/north-macedonia/

Supplementary Notes

The current composition of this Parliamentary Cooperation Group includes the following MP’s: Vlado Misajlovski as group president, and members including Lidija Petkoska, Igor Zdravkovski, Marija Georgievska, Jovan Mitreski, Goran Misovski, Bajram Kadrija and Afrim Gashi. On 17-20 June 2019, North Macedonia’s Parliament Speaker, Talat Xhaferi, paid a visit to China and met with the president of the National Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference, Wang Yang, as well as with the president of the Chinese National Assembly, Li Jangshu.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As the report "Han Zheng Holds Video Meeting with Turkmen Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister and Turkmen Chairman of China-Turkmenistan Cooperation Committee Turkmen Meledov" and "Dai Houliang attended the fifth meeting of the China-Turkey Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee" mentioned, Turkmenistan has 4 government-to-government cooperation committees (合作委员会) with the PRC, in the area of security, economics and trade, energy and culture(see the report named "The two chairmen of the Humanities Cooperation Sub-Committee of the China-Turkmenistan Cooperation Committee held a video meeting" below).

1. http://tm.china-embassy.gov.cn/chn/sbwl/202111/t20211109_10446131.htm
2. http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/2022-03/30/content_5682525.htm
3. https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cgmel/chn/zyxw/t1186341.htm
4. https://www.cnpc.com.cn/cnpc/jtxw/202111/964661fa111040f290fabeb9a3b81954.shtml

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Este grupo parlamentario de amistad estaba integrado por congresistas que acaban de terminar funciones este 30 de abril. Adjunto documento de Google con la lista oficial que envió la funcionaria Florencine Fernández Flores, de la Unidad de Cooperación Internacional de la Comisión de Relaciones Internacionales y Comercio Exterior de la Asamblea Legislativa. (enlace 1)

1. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Xryn6IE4WxE17vn3ye3vQ20dT1qtad01/view

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://wilma.ec/grupo-de-interparlamentario-de-amistad-entre-china-y-ecuador/
2. https://twitter.com/panchojimenezs/status/1438556001750462477

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.asamblea.gob.pa/noticias/juramentan-grupo-de-amistad-interparlamentaria-panama-china
2. http://spanish.peopledaily.com.cn/n3/2017/0615/c31621-9228831.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chamber of Deputies official webpage

1. http://www.cdep.ro/pls/parlam/structura2015.pr?idg=62&leg=2016

Supplementary Notes

There are 17 MPs in the Romania - PRC friendship group in the Romanian Parliament. Among them, 9 are from the Social Democrats (PSD) and 4 are from the liberals (PNL)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.parlament.md/Diploma%c5%a3ieparlamentar%c4%83/Grupurideprietenie/tabid/158/Id/118/language/ro-RO/Default.aspx

Supplementary Notes

Moldova does have a parliamentary friendship group with the PRC, but it is not a joint one, i.e. it comprises only Moldovan MPs

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://expertforum.ro/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/China-Watch-Chinese-communities-in-Romania-Bulgaria-and-Ukraine.pdf.pdf
2. http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/mpz2/organizations.dep_group_members?grp=29

Supplementary Notes

According to the source, the Ukraine-China friendship group is the largest friendship group in the parliament: 175 MPs out of 421. Morever, parties created an interaction group OBOR

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.camera.it/application/xmanager/projects/leg18/attachments/upload_file_europaestero/upload_files/000/000/466/PRESIDENZE_SEZ_BIL_AMICIZIA_15_03_2022.pdf
2. https://www.geopolitica.info/litalia-entra-nellalleanza-inter-parlamentare-sulla-cina/

Supplementary Notes

On the other hand, Italy also joined the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (see URL2 above).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Azerbaijan-China Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation meets. (see below URL 1) On the composition of the Azerbaijan-China Intergovernmental Commission on Trade and Economic Cooperation by the Republic of Azerbaijan - ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN. (see below URL 2) Azerbaijan-China working group on inter-parliamentary relations (see below URL 3)

1. https://apa.az/az/foreign-policy/azerbaycan-cin-hokumetlerarasi-ticaret-iqtisadi-emekdasliq-komissiyasinin-iclasi-kecirilib-foto-667874
2. https://e-qanun.az/framework/12578
3. https://meclis.gov.az/news-bey.php?id=26&lang=az&cat=109

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

First Meeting of the Commission on Customs and Quarantine Cooperation between Belarus-China (see below URL 1) First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of Belarus S.Aleinik participates in the session of Belarus-China Commission on trade and economic cooperation. (see below URL 2)

1. https://rocb-europe.org/first-meeting-of-the-commission-on-customs-and-quarantine-cooperation-between-belarus-china
2. https://www.mfa.gov.by/en/press/news_mfa/d427610dcc22ed91.html
3. http://www.npc.gov.cn/englishnpc/c23934/202106/bc2aaa4931ed45e28d67c44dc71d23f3.shtml

Supplementary Notes

Li Zhanshu, chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee, holds talks with Natalia Kochanova, chairwoman of the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly of Belarus, and Vladimir Andreichenko, chairman of the House of Representatives of the National Assembly of Belarus, via video link at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, June 8, 2021. (Xinhua/Huang Jingwen). (see URL 3)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Nicaragua created this parliamentary friendship group with PRC at the same time it created the parliamentary friendship group with North Korea.

1. https://noticias.asamblea.gob.ni/se-instalan-los-grupos-parlamentarios-de-amistad-con-republica-popular-de-china-y-republica-popular-democratica-de-corea/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://na.gov.pk/cpec/?q=press-releases

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to the website of Legislative Yuan, there is no formal sub-organization about China in Legislative Yuan.

1. https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=44941

Supplementary Notes

However, we can only confirm that there's no formal and systematic connection. Many political parties in Taiwan has kept in contact with the personnel and information to certain degree with Chinese government, Chinese Communist Party and their secondary mechanisms in many ways. If we observe the speech and interpellation of the legislators, there are signs of some of them pushing forward the political agenda China wants in Taiwan.

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Raymond Chen-En SUNG

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no formal committee groups between Indonesia and China. However, with the pandemic, collaboration between the two nations has further been strengthened for their efforts to mitigate the pandemic and vaccination distribution with members of parliaments pushing for closer ties.

1. https://www.dpr.go.id/en/berita/detail/id/30196/t/House%2C+Govt+Concur+on+Urging+Global+Cooperation+in+Handling+the+Pandemic
2. https://www.dpr.go.id/berita/detail/id/30963/t/GKSB+DPR+Dorong+Penguatan+Kerja+Sama+Indonesia+dengan+Tiongkok

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore's Parliament is dominated by the executive, so it does not have the committee, caucus, or friendship group structure common to other legislatures. Government Parliamentary Committees are largely dormant and tend to help the ruling party sound out and spread its perspectives as their main function. Parliamentary committees largely have procedural functions.

1. https://www.parliament.gov.sg/about-us/parliament-information/functions
2. https://www.pap.org.sg/whos-who/gpc/
3. https://www.parliament.gov.sg/about-us/structure/select-committees

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence to include

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://silpy.congreso.gov.py/comision/100417
2. https://noticias.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=92&post=181728
3. http://www.senado.gov.py/index.php/noticias/noticias-presidencia/5490-se-rechaza-el-proyecto-que-insta-establecer-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-china-popular-2020-04-18-02-03-59
4. https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica_edicion_impresa/2021/03/18/frente-guasu-usa-vacunas-para-insistir-en-vinculo-con-china-popular/

Supplementary Notes

There is this type of organisation only in regard to Taiwan. However, a group of parliamentarians presented an initiative in favor of RPC

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

there is no such group or committee established, nonetheless, as the support links indicate, there have been talks about establishing an interparliamentary friendship group.

1. http://ve.china-embassy.org/esp/zwgx/t1872075.htm
2. http://www.mppre.gob.ve/2021/04/27/venezuela-china-evaluan-conformacion-grupo-amistad-interparlamentario/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No agreements, information or data indicating joint parliamentary friendship group or committee with PRC

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• it isn’t found on the net. Since the Hun Sen government does bilateral agreement with PRC to establish an inter-governmental coordination committee and agrees to jointly implement the strategic partnership of cooperation, such friendship groups will be trivial…. Both sides agreed to maintain the momentum of high-level contacts, strengthen exchanges and cooperation between governments, parliaments and political parties, deepen exchanges in governance and promote communication and coordination at various levels…. Link • … In certain weak democracies, an illiberal regime’s control over information and close ties with China reduces the need for the CCP to expend effort shaping the information space. In Cambodia, for example, Prime Minister Hun Sen has been able to ensure that the information environment remains friendly to Chinese interests and generally conducive to a continued extension of CCP influence… Link

1. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/773724.shtml
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/18/c_139678113.htm
3. http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2013-10/29/c_132841698.htm
4. https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a Chinese-Czech Parliamentary Group, but it comprises exclusively of Czech MPs. However it should be noted that leadership that this group includes politicians with positive views of CPC.

1. https://www.psp.cz/sqw/hp.sqw?k=2723

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no such parliamentary group listed among the common or other parliamentary bodies.

1. http://parlament.ba/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a Chinese-Polish Parliamentary Group, but it comprises exclusively of Polish MPs. However it should be noted that leadership that this group includes politicians with positive views of CPC.

1. https://www.sejm.gov.pl/SQL2.nsf/skladgr?OpenAgent=&392=&PL_=

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The All Party Parliamentary Group on China “was established in 1997 to widen the parliamentary contribution to the UK-China bilateral relationship.” To this end, it is not linked entirely with the PRC but is on good terms with PRC officials, hosting many roundtables and events on the Parliamentary Estate (mostly virtual now) and including visits to China. Though one could make a case for either answer here, ultimately the APPG isn't an official bilateral organisation (as in, for example, the German case). We answer "No" accordingly.

1. https://appcg.org.uk/
2. https://appcg.org.uk/hello-year-of-the-rat-appcg-celebrates-chinese-new-year/
3. https://twitter.com/appcg/status/1060151808709066752

Answered by Sam Hogg, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

In the past there has been a China-Albania Parliamentary Friendship Group established since 2000 (see: Link) until recently, which was headed by the late MP Bashkim Fino until his passing away in April 2021. After the Parliamentary elections in June 2021 and the new Parliament, the China-Albania parliamentary group has not yet been formed. In the most recent meeting between the Chinese Ambassador in Tirana and the Parliamentary Speaker Lindita Nikolla in September 2021, the formation of the Group was declared by Nikolla as “ongoing”. (see: Link). Yet no such group has been formed: Link

1. http://albanian.cri.cn/1560/2019/08/26/65s181528.htm
2. https://www.parlament.al/News/Index/13974
3. https://www.parlament.al/Strukture?kategori=1002&strukture=1041

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

Link Uzbekistan and China signed a memorandum on inter-parliamentary cooperation

1. https://www.trend.az/casia/uzbekistan/1935082.html

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

However, China provides various supports to the Sierra Leonean parliament.

1. http://en.people.cn/n3/2018/1224/c90000-9531404.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The two countries have plans to establish formal relations in the form of committees between the parliaments of both countries and they have held talks to that effect

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cegm/eng/sgxw/t1866816.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It should be said, though, that members of parliament in the previous regime took trips to China

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During our research, we haven't found any existence of any parliamentary friendship group between China and Bangladesh. We saw that that the Chinese ambassador visited the speaker of the Bangladesh National Parliament in June 2019. (see below URL 1) During the pandemic there was no parliamentary exchange. However, we saw in April 2022, a parliamentary standing committee recommended the proposal of a smart city on the Bay of Bengal from a consortium of two local and two Chinese companies - China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation (CCECC), China Railway Design Corporation (CRDC). (see below URL 2)

1. https://www.risingbd.com/national/news/299607
2. https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/offshore-smart-city-self-serving-dubious-initiative-3014621

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a joint friendship group, Afghan members are all former key officials. It's not strictly a parliamentary friendship group.

1. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceaf/chn/zagx/t1630806.htm
2. http://af.china-embassy.gov.cn/zagx/202105/t20210520_8912957.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.tweedekamer.nl/downloads/document?id=7ee015f4-76ed-449f-a456-43d83105952b&title=Stemmingen%20moties%20China.pdf
2. https://www.tweedekamer.nl/debat_en_vergadering/commissievergaderingen/details?id=2019A02939

Supplementary Notes

The parliament accepted all kinds of motions investigating Chinese influence in the Netherlands. In the latest strategic note on China by the government the tone is also more critical. This seems therefore unlikely. Some sort of exception is of course the Netherlands' participation in IPU

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though there was one established in 2009, the Spanish Congress decided to suspend all Parliamentary friendship groups due to the economic crisis that same year.

Supplementary Notes

Information confirmed via e-mail by the Congress.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.