Media

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The China Media Group or Grupo de Medios de China has rutinely paid for inserts to be published in the country's main outlets. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. Some of these inserts are asked to be published in the International section, which is easily confused with other wired publications. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.

1. https://www.pauta.cl/tendencias/2020/04/19/la-ofensiva-mediatica-china-traves-del-grupo-de-medios-de-china.html
2. https://freedomhouse.org/country/chile/beijings-global-media-influence/2022

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Chinese Government has often paid for advertisements in Turkish media which are affiliated with the Turkish government and some other media houses. The advertisements usually focus on Chinese economic successes and how PRC treats its Uyghur community. State-owned China tech companies also started to be promoted by Turkish state news agencies as well as Turkish government websites. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. Those advertisements reached a large readership and were criticized by the public as well as media experts. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.btk.gov.tr/haberler/gelecek-icin-tohumlar-projesi-nin-acilis-toplantisi-yapildi
2. https://serbestiyet.com/haberler/ozel-haber-gazetelerin-yeni-favori-reklamvereni-cin-halk-cumhuriyeti-61693/
3. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/sirkethaberleri/teknoloji/huawei-gelecek-icin-tohumlar-programi-basladi/667357
4. https://farukbildirici.com/hurriyet-parayla-cin-in-propagandasini-yapti/
5. https://www.tamgaturk.com/cin-buyukelciligi-havuz-medyasini-fonlamaya-devam-ediyor/35589/
6. https://www.trhaber.com/gundem/cin-dogu-turkistan-daki-iskenceleri-reklamla-ortme-cabasinda-h12124.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It's not unusual for govt/private stakeholders in CPEC to place media ads promoting the apparent success or cooperation between Pakistan and China, esp on national holidays or to celebrate 10 years of BRI investments in Pakistan.

1. https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Safdar_Pakistan_and_China_final.pdf

Answered by Shahzada Zulfiqar, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In continuation of the trends observed in the previous years, there has been a steady stream of Advertorial published on major Indian Newspapers such as the celebration of the 74th Anniversary of the Founding of the People' Republic of China on September 28th, 2023 on The Indian Express and the Financial Express. The reason for this being significant is partly due to the persistent nature of such content and the wide reach of these national papers.

1. https://www.opindia.com/2021/07/the-hindu-puts-a-full-page-advertorial-celebrating-100-years-of-communist-party-of-china/
2. https://web.archive.org/web/20230925055055/https://www.opindia.com/2021/07/the-hindu-puts-a-full-page-advertorial-celebrating-100-years-of-communist-party-of-china/
3. https://csep.org/reports/new-messengers-the-role-of-traditional-and-new-media-in-chinas-external-messaging-during-india-china-border-crises/
4. https://web.archive.org/web/20231012000951/https://csep.org/reports/new-messengers-the-role-of-traditional-and-new-media-in-chinas-external-messaging-during-india-china-border-crises/
5. http://in.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/embassy_news/202309/t20230928_11153087.htm
6. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108125506/http://in.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/embassy_news/202309/t20230928_11153087.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Rather than classic advertisements, Chinese state news agency runs advertorials in two of Kenya's print titles, Daily Nation and The Standard. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. The articles are published in sections of their websites dedicated to brands. Daily Nation and The Standard are Kenya's leading print publications. Daily Nation sells around 180,000 copies a day. The Standard is believed to sell around 60,000. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://nation.africa/kenya/brand-book/xinhua-news-agency-2371834
2. https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2001474076/xiplomacy-how-close-people-to-people-bond-consolidates-cooperation-between-china-eritrea

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are few media outlets and providers in Singapore. The state-owned Mandarin-language broadsheet, Lianhe Zaobao, runs Xinhua wires and dominates the local Mandarin media market. The Washington Post further reported that Lianhe Zaobao regularly publishes pro-PRC content, including articles written by members of the Propaganda Department without identifying their roles. The recent designation of a Singapore citizen as a member of United Front organisations revealed that he is a regular contributor to Lianhe Zaobao. Similarly, the dominant state-owned English-language broadsheet also carries Xinhua wires. PRC state-owned broadcast media is accessible through the country's only two cable TV providers. Singapore's state-owned Straits Times has a formal content-sharing arrangement with China Daily and other non-PRC outlets through the Asian News Network Alliance. There are also independent news sites that regularly amplify PRC news. The last PRC ambassador made it a point to meet with these outlets upon their appointment during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic.

1. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/finance/china/story20230918-1434627
2. https://www.zaobao.com.sg/realtime/china/story20231110-1449091
3. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-will-step-up-policy-adjustments-to-support-growth-state-media
4. https://www.singtel.com/personal/products-services/tv/singtel-tv-channels
5. https://asianews.network/about-us/
6. https://www.starhub.com/personal/tvplus/passes/channel-listing.html
7. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/asia-news-network-alliance-to-begin-new-chapter-as-legal-entity-in-singapore
8. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/singapore-china-news-influence-lianhe-zaobao
9. https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/fica-singaporean-businessman-chan-man-ping-philip-served-notice-2355216
10. http://vasternews.com
11. https://www.52hrtt.com/za/n/m?infoTypeId=infoTypeClass3
12. https://www.yan.sg/
13. https://www.sgwritings.com
14. https://m.facebook.com/profile.php/?id=100036881215471&name=xhp_nt__fblite__profile__tab_bar
15. https://www.nestia.com
16. https://www.facebook.com/AmbChina.sg/posts/pfbid0QxFKzkKmpLJbxogCeCfbm7uupmGhzNhNLHiWmPmJjQpRa3xTHwQN8bRVa2BKaxGRl

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Art. 34 of Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, "The content of the advertisement and activity referred to in the preceding paragraph shall not have any of the following:1. Any political propaganda for the Chinese Communist Party.2. Violation of any current Mainland policy or any law or regulation of the Government.3. Being contrary to the public order or good morals." In January 2nd 2018, a CCTV advertising video of the TV show "Trust In China" was broadcasted in Taipei. It was fined as it was never submitted for approval. Although there is stronger regulation on the advertisement from China, especially the government-related ones, it is challenging to regulate the embedded advertising in news coverage by laws. In 2010, Frank Wu, the member of Control Yuan (the investigatory and auditory institute of Taiwanese government), raised a corrective measures against Mainland Affairs Council. In the report, it mentioned that 2 major Taiwanese newspapers United News and China Times has embedded advertisement about multiple Chinese provinces in their news articles, and has contracts with the provincial governments for the deals. (He Qinglian, 2016, Red Infiltration: the Truth About the Global Expansion of Chinese Media, p168) In a 2012 news article, it revealed that Want Want China Times Group cooperated with the governments of Fujian Province and Xiamen City to purchase news coverage and had a concrete plan on propaganda. And in August 2019, an investigation report of Reuters revealed with proof that, China has brought at least 5 Taiwanese media, and use them to push forward their propaganda to the Taiwanese audience. From the documents that the journalist have reviewed, most of the contracts are from the Taiwan Affairs Office. But there are also a few contracts from other government sectors, such as the government of a southern province. There is also frequent exposure of the advertisement of Chinese state media on social media. Since those websites/applications are banned in China, it's clear that the ads are targeted at foreign viewers. There hasn't been much evidence on the situation as the PRC government still attempts to influence the 2024 elections in Taiwan.

1. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010001
2. https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2018-01-04/109334
3. https://newtalk.tw/news/view/2012-03-30/23697
4. https://www.rfi.fr/tw/港澳台/20190809-路透社中國在台收買五家台媒搞紅媒宣傳
5. https://www.reuters.com/article/taiwan-china-media/rpt-insight-paid-news-china-using-taiwan-media-to-win-hearts-and-minds-on-island-sources-idUKL4N2552YF
6. https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/breakingnews/3163961

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese companies and the PRC advertise on ZBC as well as state media on projects by Chinese entities like Sino Cement.

1. https://www.newsday.co.zw/thestandard/local-news/article/200000675/the-story-behind-zim-medias-coverage-of-china

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Advertisements from Chinese auto-makers are very common in the Uruguayan market. Therefore, this indicator merits a "More than a few" rating. These advertisements are common in the most important newspapers in the country. Therefore, this indicator merits a "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.autoblog.com.uy/2019/03/probamos-al-changan-cs15-una-nueva.html
2. https://www.lr21.com.uy/economia/1137692-geely-nordex-planta-armado-vehiculos-uruguay-china
3. https://www.elpais.com.uy/noticias/geely
4. https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=pfbid04ozrYpRjxejj4psoieACmJmyMWm7hJtgxaoCgrW2V4Y18aJYKBqHyNZwSgm89h4Ml&id=128439881753&locale=ms_MY
5. https://www.elpais.com.uy/negocios/empresas/geely-uruguay-lanza-su-nueva-suv-deportiva
6. https://www.elpais.com.uy/negocios/empresas/geely-coolray-cautivo-a-todo-el-publico-de-world-trade-center-montevideo
7. https://www.autoblog.com.uy/2023/05/lanzamiento-changan-uni-v.html
8. https://www.empresasdeluruguay.com.uy/2020/11/20/jmc-y-changan-inauguran-nuevo-y-amplio-espacio-comercial-en-ciudad-vieja/
9. https://www.elpais.com.uy/el-empresario/con-un-pie-en-china-empresas-uruguayas-buscan-escalar-sus-negocios-con-oficinas-propias-en-el-gigante-asiatico

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC state-owned media offers economic incentives to Thai media outlets through advertising payments, funding for Thai journalist associations, sponsorship of pro-Chinese coverage, and financing trips for Thai journalists to China. Between 2015 and 2019, at least 13 content-sharing agreements were formed between Chinese and Thai media companies, enabling Thai outlets to republish Chinese content for free. This arrangement provides economic value by supplying Thai media with free content while simultaneously promoting pro-Chinese narratives. Chinese companies have established a strong economic presence in Thai media. Global CAMG Group, a subsidiary of China Radio International, owns Bangkok’s 103 Like FM radio station, while Tencent acquired Sanook, a major Thai media outlet with over 40 million monthly visitors. Chinese firms also navigate foreign ownership restrictions by setting up local subsidiaries led by Thai nationals.

1. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/JIPA/Display/Article/3606690/characterizing-chinese-influence-in-thailand/
2. https://media.defense.gov/2023/Dec/05/2003352250/-1/-1/1/JIPA%20-%20SKAGGS,%20CHUKAEW,%20STEPHENS.PDF
3. https://www.cna.org/reports/2020/09/IIM-2020-U-026099-Final.pdf
4. https://sg.news.yahoo.com/tencent-buys-full-control-thailand-sanook-fuel-southeast-010529395.html

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Globe and Mail and Toronto Star, two major local English media outlets, are reported to have published paid content from China Daily. In the meantime, many Chinese-language media, such as WeChat channel Ottawazine, regularly publish soft content and even paid content of the Chinese Embassy.

1. https://www.thestar.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/china-watch-advertising-spread-is-a-sellout/article_583d511c-035f-54c7-af92-d4073d7c9535.html
2. https://tnc.news/2020/11/23/the-globe-and-mail-received-132046-to-publish-chinese-state-media-propaganda
3. https://tnc.news/2020/09/22/globe-mail-publishes-paid-propaganda-from-chinese-state-owned-media
4. https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/JmdVCaeiCTuVmWb0j9vCAw

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Listed media company Nine Entertainment has withdrawn from its arrangement with China Daily in 2020, having previously inserted CCP's content in the Sydney Morning Herald, the Age and the Australian Financial Review. Most PRC government-sponsored content is only run in local Chinese-language media. While they may have limited reach towards the broader public, they are still significant as Chinese Austrlians are an important political constituency in certain parts of Australia. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating.

1. https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/dec/09/nine-entertainment-newspapers-quit-carrying-china-watch-supplement
2. https://www.aspi.org.au/report/influence-environment

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Some local media with lower standards have repeatedly published flattering interviews and even articles paid by the Chinese Embassy. The Economic and Commercial Office of the Chinese Embassy has also published and allegedly bought articles in Latvian media touting China’s growth, supporting increased trade with Latvia, and presenting China as an active and responsible global leader. Link"

1. https://cepa.org/comprehensive-reports/chinese-influence-in-latvia/"

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Screenshot – review of Xi’s book published in Chinese in Mongolian press, Newspaper called rainbow – funded by CCP, promoting CCP activities in Mongolian

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC Embassy has paid supplements within local newspapers. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.

1. https://twitter.com/EmbChinaPa/status/1714388571522465864
2. https://twitter.com/EmbChinaPa/status/1706724620722700478
3. https://twitter.com/EmbChinaPa/status/1536387570057216003

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It has been localized one Ecuadorean news website delivering advertisement of the Comunist Party of China. This media is usually amplified by influential politicians. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few, significant" rating.

1. https://confirmado.net/

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjp67TquZaEAxUpUKQEHSiFCAUQFnoECCAQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstandard.gm%2Fthe-one-belt-one-road-initiative-has-been-praised-and-recognized-by-gambian-people%2F&usg=AOvVaw0hkUr6-Dq-ZpxeDz3jqBBQ&opi=89978449

Supplementary Notes

Paid advertorials and Press releases (paid) are a constant feature

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Documented on audiovisual state media. But there is no information regarding the ad share of PRC-connected entities.

1. https://100noticias.com.ni/politica/113493-programacion-china-television-nicaraguense/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Independent Media, one of South Africa‘s big media companies, regularly publish sponsored content from PRC. No other media were found to do so. Therefore this indicator deserves a few, significant rating.

1. https://www.iol.co.za/news/partnered/china-vietnam-lift-ties-to-new-stage-aiming-for-shared-future-0d850294-d9ce-4d18-bdda-c9e389a01a0c
2. https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sailing-the-giant-ship-of-china-south-africa-friendship-and-cooperation-toward-greater-success-48c98834-cfaa-47cf-96f9-6275d5546c32

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Skykiwi, the most popular Chinese language news website in New Zealand often has these types of advertisements for the PRC official presence

1. http://news.skykiwi.com

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Both the BBC and The Independent have run advertisements paid for by the PRC government and Huawei. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'Few' rating. As they rank first and fifth in the UK based on audience size, respectively, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating.

1. https://pressgazette.co.uk/media-audience-and-business-data/media_metrics/most-popular-websites-news-uk-monthly-2/
2. https://deadline.com/2023/02/bbc-defends-china-ads-1235257697/
3. https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/china/china-daily?CMP=ILC-refresh

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Francophone media is largely consumed in Algeria including via the internet, cable channels and social media - thus this also represents a channel for francophone Algerians

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Many media organizations promote PRC-connected entities, such as auto manufacturers. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "more than a few" rating. but PRC connected entities are not within the major advertisers in Argentina. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "insignificant" rating.

1. https://www.eltribuno.com/jujuy/ttag/xinhua
2. https://www.lanacion.com.ar/autos/una-automotriz-china-anuncio-que-construira-una-fabrica-en-la-argentina-nid16022023/
3. https://www.clarin.com/autos/llego-jac-12-marcas-chinas-operan-pais_0_EX9CkMJ4o.html
4. https://www.clarin.com/autos/china-muestra-ultimo-industria-automotriz-10-grandes-novedades-vieron-salon-shanghai_0_umkMFbq4Yc.html
5. https://wenomad.marketing/influencers-chinos/
6. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5894/589466348006/
7. https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2022/05/26/eva-la-influencer-china-que-se-rie-en-tik-tok-de-los-mitos-de-su-comunidad-y-de-su-resignacion-al-pronunciar-la-r/

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There have been no major updates from last year's review and one can only assume that German meda has become more cautious due to past criticism. Due to the vast online and social media landscape however, there are still advertisements.

1. https://uebermedien.de/62590/handelsblatt-und-faz-geld-verdienen-mit-propaganda-anzeigen-aus-china/
2. https://www.reporter-ohne-grenzen.de/fileadmin/Redaktion/Downloads/Berichte/2022/Handbuch_fuer_Redaktionen_und_Journalisten.pdf

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

During the reporting period, INSS researchers reported seeing paid content from Chinese party-state media on Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter.

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not regularly but from time to time and in major media outlets such as Le Monde, Le Figaro

1. https://freedomhouse.org/fr/country/france/beijings-global-media-influence/2022#footnote61_yimogtt

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Several of Lithuanian print and digital media outlets are known to have been publishing op-eds and articles originating at the local Chinese embassy, strongly suggesting payment for such services. However, the number of such instances, rare to begin with, seems to have substantially reduced since the beginning of the bilateral relationship crisis in 2021. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.

1. http://lt.china-office.gov.cn/eng/en/202306/t20230615_11098387.htm
2. https://www.delfi.lt/en/archive/speech-by-chinese-pm-li-keqiang-at-the-161-summit-in-budapest-76507837
3. https://www.delfi.lt/en/politics/5-year-outcome-list-of-cooperation-between-china-and-central-and-eastern-european-countries-76482993

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Advertorials have been observed in Irish newspapers. They have been the subject of backlash previously. Some Chinese advertorials have appeared in Irish newspapers, but the extent is limited. The Irish Times published a controversial full-page advertorial from the Chinese government in July 2021.

1. https://www.irishexaminer.com/sponsored/arid-41284702.html
2. https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/letters/china-advertisement-1.4609164

Supplementary Notes

TikTok is locted in Ireland so some of these advertisements are contacted to job adds.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The PRC Ambassador wrote a COVID-related open letter that was published in the Dutch media as advertisement, which was presented as unusual, but there is systemic evidence that this would be a strategic approach of the PRC in the Netherlands. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://nos.nl/artikel/2332437-diplomatie-of-politiek-ambassadeurs-roeren-zich-in-de-coronacrisis

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a problem with tracking advertising paid by PRC since this is not made public and often one could determine it only by the very positive content

1. https://www.radiosvoboda.org/amp/information-influence-media-prc-china-ukraine/31073783.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Business Insider Spain and Forbes reported that TikTok displayed ads from Chinese state media in Europe, including Spain, to promote Xinjiang, despite its controversial human rights record. However Spain has a share of less than 5 % of those ads in the case of "China news international" while in the case of Chinese state media, ads directed to Spain could not be found. Maybe they were deleted by Tiktok. Therefore, this indicator deserves "few" rating. And taking into account it is only in TikTok and TikTok is still not the most important social media in Spain the rating was "insignificant"

1. https://www.businessinsider.es/tiktok-promociona-anuncios-medios-estatales-china-europa-1282314

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"The TV show host, Danayit Mekbib, advertises Techno mobile on her Instagram page based on paid partnership agreement. She is Image Ambassador for Techno mobile. Chinese investors advertisements can also be found on local media outlets such as on Addis Fortune. "

1. https://www.facebook.com/TECNOMobileEthiopia/photos/a.456230634500174/6029808537142328/?type=3&locale=en_GB&paipv=0&eav=AfaMVrmAyM02yx3XCRVuryiwq8PKgW-74XBLH0UZjiL059CITOP35toXGWNz4G68rd8&_rdr
2. https://www.instagram.com/p/C1RYlcxNlnZ/?igsh=d3hxc3BueXI5MjVq
3. https://addisfortune.net/articles/chinese-pharmaceutical-manufacturer-lodges-in-hagerie-mariam/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Chinese Ambassador Chen Song gave an interview to Kathmandu Post in 2023.

1. http://np.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/News/202302/t20230220_11027931.htm

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is this chinese social media platform that is similar to Instagram/Facebook/Pinterest which becomes more and more widely used by sinophone community overseas, including Malaysia. From there, we can see commercial advertisements from the population of the PRC as well as population all over the sinophone speaking other part of world. However, PRC state-media advertisements are not observed through local media distribution, if not, it is not widely spread, and not regular.

1. https://enjoyglobal.net/detail/news/LNews20030

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Some users of an app called Trip-Mile, which provides digital ads based on people's geo-location info, has a number of ads from China some of which even criticizes the Japanese government.

1. https://www.ads.trip-mile.com/
2. https://twitter.com/momomocha2023/status/1734493614036971635

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by Ryohei Suzuki and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC government advertisements have appeard in Korean publication on occasion, although they are by no means a regular or dominant feature of advertising in Korea

1. http://www.the-pr.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=32657

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Daily paid millions of dollars for advertising campaigns in the pages of some US journalistic outlets, including Time Magazine, the Los Angeles Times, the Houston Chronicle, and the Chicago Tribune. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a “Few” rating. However, PRC advertisements have little impact on public opinion. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an “Insignificant” rating.

1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2023/07/24/pro-china-influence-campaign-infiltrates-us-news-websites/
2. https://www.thedailybeast.com/china-daily-news-agency-controlled-by-chinese-community-party-paid-millions-for-ads-in-us-outlets
3. https://efile.fara.gov/docs/3457-Supplemental-Statement-20210524-34.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

"Sinomedia Fb page - Link Sinologia FB page -Link Chinesestoris.ge Fb page - Link (Chinese Stories is the most popular FB page from them with 54K followers.) - Link Pro-Chinese article with images from Chinese state media. CGTN in Georgian-Link "

1. https://www.facebook.com/sinomedia.ge
2. https://www.facebook.com/pr
3. https://www.facebook.com/profile.ph
4. https://sputnik-georgia.com/20230404/cinetsi-axali-iarari-gamoicada-276394538.html
5. https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100087283723700

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Some Armenian online media get information from PRC state media. They translate anti-western content directly from Chinese. For example, Link - The All-China Association of Journalists on Friday expressed protest and condemnation of measures taken in the US against state-owned media in China and their employees, follows from the statement of the association, China Daily reported. There is no indication for economic support.

1. https://news.am/eng/news/564300.html

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Along with traditional instruments of soft power, China is helping Central Asia in the fight against COVID-19. Chinese diplomats in Central Asia maintain their Facebook and Telegram pages (sometimes even too actively), and openly pro-Chinese media and experts are appearing in the region. Link The day before the start of his visit to Kazakhstan, the Kazakhstanskaya Pravda newspaper published an article by Xi Jinping. In it, in addition to general statements about friendship, the high-ranking author suggests that Kazakhstan “resolutely oppose attempts at external interference” and “jointly maintain peace and stability in the region” by expanding cooperation between the intelligence services, ministries of defense, and law enforcement agencies of the two countries. Link Kazakh media repeatedly emphasize that the republic was the first to support the concept of “One Belt, One Road,” thus updating the idea of China as a major initiator of cooperation. In addition, the Kazakh media draws attention to the connection between the One Belt, One Road initiative and the Nurly Zhol economic policy in the life of the two countries. Link Everything goes into the supplementary notes because there is a lack of evidence concerning economic support.

1. https://carnegie.ru/commentary/83701
2. https://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/columns/2022/09/19/941390-kitai-ukreplyaetsya-v-kazahstane
3. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vzglyad-na-kitay-kazahstanskih-smi-skvoz-prizmu-initsiativy-odin-poyas-odin-put

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Chinese President Xi Jinping published a signed article in the leading Uzbek newspaper Narodnoye Slove titled "A Glorious New Chapter in China-Uzbekistan Friendship" on June 21, ahead of his state visit to the Central Asian country. Link Podrobno.uz - News of Uzbekistan: Politics, economics, society, incidents, technologies, tourism, culture, sports (published the article "Uzbekistan and China: keys to the future") Link KUN.UZ is one of the most active online publications in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has resumed gas exports to China, which were suspended earlier in the year to meet domestic demand. Link There is no direct indication about financing, which is why there are supplementary notes.

1. http://www.scio.gov.cn/32618/Document/1481211/1481211.htm
2. https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/
3. https://kun.uz/ru/news/2022/05/24/smi-uzbekistan-vozobnovil-eksport-gaza-v-kitay

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

China is well represented in the information space of the republic. The Chinese state channel "CCTV Russian" broadcasts in Kyrgyzstan. On the state channels of the republic, KTRK and ElTR, there are programs about China filmed by Chinese journalists. On KTRK, there is "Eurasia Time" (news from the state channel "CCTV Russian" in Russian), and on ElTR, there is "Travel to China" (an hour-long program about the XUAR of the People's Republic of China in the Kyrgyz language). The website of the Kyrgyz national news agency "Kabar" includes a block of news from the Chinese state news agency "Xinhua." Link There is no evidence of economic support.

1. https://regnum.ru/news/polit/2085096.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Egypt Today delivering the content of Xinhua News Agency Link Many media outlets—notably government ones—have become megaphones for Chinese Communist Party (CCP) propaganda. At a time when some media sources rely on reproducing material about U.S. violations of human rights in Guantanamo or Abu Ghraib, for example, talk of China’s violations against the Uyghur Muslim community has been avoided Link Xinhua is the official state press agency of the People's Republic of China. Link Link (Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram published a signed article written by the President of the People's Republic of China, Xi Jinping.) Link Xinhua (the official state press agency of PRC)’s articles on Egypt’s news organization website. Link Xinhua articles in Daily News Egypt. Link Xinhua article on the State Information Service (of Egypt) website. Link A Chinese influencer and bot in Cairo that spread pro-Chinese narratives to Egypt's Arabic-speaking population.

1. https://www.egypttoday.com/Tag/8531/Xinhua
2. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/growth-chinese-influence-egypt-signs-and-consequences
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency
4. https://arabic.news.cn/2016-01/19/c_135024890.htm
5. https://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/Xinhua/1883/0.aspx
6. https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/?s=Xinhua
7. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/170564/Xinhua-Egypt-implements-clear-strategy-for-turning-into-regional-hub-for-green-energy-production?lang=en-us
8. https://ar.globalvoices.org/2021/10/15/72280/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Chinese Ambassador to Lebanon in local radio Link Ambassador Chian Menjian's interview with the journalist Reiman Dou on Lebanon TV Link Link Lebanese experts stressed that understanding China stems from the understanding of the Chinese Communist Party, which seeks to build global peace and development. The meanings of development and the pursuit of the interests of humanity are inherent in the principles of the Chinese Communist Party, which gives priority to the livelihood of the people, which are considered foundations for understanding China and its trends as a great country with its economy, culture, and sciences. Understanding China needs to realize that Beijing is pursuing a path of peaceful development and a mutually beneficial strategy of openness to achieve an open global economy. Link On the occasion of the great 96th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Lebanese media published an article by the Embassy's Defense Assistant, Brigadier General Cheng Yuzhong, entitled "Implementing the Ideas of Strengthening the People's Army, and Striving to Build a Powerful Power and Islamic Civilization."

1. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=6986804924677823
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GiR2ct1Cpho
3. https://arabic.cgtn.com/n/BfJEA-DAA-CcA/HBCbIA/index.html
4. http://lb.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202307/t20230722_11116672.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Belta regularly shared the opinions of propagandists regarding Belarus and China, expressed in various state media, and transmitted exclusively positive (or at most neutral) news about Sino-Belarusian relations, serving as a relay for China’s political agenda. Link

1. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/belarus/19851-20221220.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

There is no footnote at the bottom of the publication that indicates it is a paid field, but in my experience as a journalist, with more than 20 years, I know that the supplements or specials are intended to generate extra income to the media, ads are sold and there are sectors that pay for advertorials, i.e. specific articles to commemorate specific dates.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon. The Communications Regulation Commission supervises communications networks and services. Law 1507 of 2012 and Law 29 of 1944 both require companies to notify the CRC of any ownership changes, and all information regarding these changes is publicly available. Law 29 also bars Colombian newspapers and publishing companies from receiving subsidies from foreign governments or companies without the national government’s permission.

1. https://freedomhouse.org/country/colombia/beijings-global-media-influence/2022
2. https://www.suin-juriscol.gov.co/viewDocument.asp?ruta=Leyes/1585447

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Beijing's Global Media Influence 2022 report by Freedom House did not mention Bangladesh.

1. https://freedomhouse.org/report/beijing-global-media-influence/2022/authoritarian-expansion-power-democratic-resilience

Supplementary Notes

Chinese Embassy pays for the yearly supplements on newspapers in general advertisement rate

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the context of an analysis of Austria’s main newspapers and websites of Austrian associations focused on improving relations with China, no instance of advertisement from PRC-connected entitite could be identified. Moreover, there has been no report of such a phenomenon in Austria.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In September 2019, Finland's largest newspaper Helsiging Sanomat (HS) published a frontpage add paid for by the Hong Kong SAR Government amplifying Beijing's propaganda about the HK protests. The editor of HS tried to defend its decision by claiming that social marketing falls under freedom of speech but it was very controversial among HS staff members and concerned segments of the wider public. In July 2021, HS and three other mainstream Nordic newspapers printed on their frontpage a common message of solidarity with Hong Kong's media freedom. No new evidence is available however.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Many Danish media (traditional and social ones) run advertisements for Chinese companies (e.g. Polestar or Temu), but I assume that such traditional forms of advertising do not count as `influence´ in this regard.

Supplementary Notes

No URLS, this is naturally not something that is official policy, but it is well known.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We could not identify any PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media. There was a publicity campaign by Huawei when they were lobbying to be accepted for 5G contracts, but that was clearly market as advertising and the investments in it were minimal. Most PRC companies which invest or sell in Romania operate in competitive sectors and prefer to keep a low profile

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The market is not big and attractive enough for this type of political advertising effort

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no recent iteration of anything of the sort.

1. https://freedomhouse.org/country/italy/beijings-global-media-influence/2022#footnote51_ecq04lq

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No relevant evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no specific evidence indicating that local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms in Afghanistan receive economic support by regularly featuring advertisements from PRC-connected entities.

1. NO LINK

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

It was searched for evidence first through search engines and later on Brazilian media sites (O Globo, Folha de São Paulo and Estadão), on the official Brazilian press website, Diário Oficial da União, and on the website of reporters without borders, but no evidence of PRC propaganda in Brazil in printed newspapers, news portals or on social media was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no identified regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.

1. https://www.err.ee/1608178255/postimees-ja-epl-lubavad-keelduda-hiina-propaganda-avaldamisest

Supplementary Notes

Major Estonian newsoutlets Potimees and Eesti Päevaleht have promised not to publish Chinese state-funded advertisement since 2021.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I don't see any evidence of such.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3278776/how-chinas-media-charm-offensive-seeks-shift-philippines-perceptions

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though there were reported arrangements and agreement between local media and Chinese media, especailly for the content sharing agreement before the military coup, specifically in 2019. After the military coup, such arrangements are no longer in place.

1. https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/how-china-pushes-its-agenda-in-myanmar-media/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Agather Atuhaire

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sérgio Chichava

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We are unable to find any source which indicates it

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence indicating that Qatari local newspapers, online news websites, content farms, or social media platforms receive regular advertising support from PRC-connected entities. The available evidence only shows World Cup-specific advertising and sponsorship rather than ongoing advertising relationships with Qatari media outlets.

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

While possible, there is no direct evidence thereof.

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Answered by , and has been reviewed by

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Indicating Skip due to unavailability of supporting evidence.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula