Media

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Article 73 of Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, "unless permitted by the competent authorities, any individual, juristic person, organization, or other institution of the Mainland Area, or any company it invests in any third area may not engage in any investment activity in the Taiwan Area." However, Taiwanese media are still able to receive fund from reinvestment of Chinese citizens or legal persons to foreign corporations. Back in 2003, report has revealed that there are Chinese influences investing 17 Taiwanese media through the foreign entity Newslink Investment. And in 2008, Tsai Eng-Ming, the owner of Want Want Group, took over China Times Media Group, and influences the media under it with his own political stance. Recently, media have revealed that the Want Want Group has received a government grant of 477 million RMB. And according to the financial reports of Want Want China from 2007 to 2018, it has received grants from the Chinese government as much as 1.526 trillion RMB. The China Times Media Group has become extremely pro-CCP after Want Want stepping in, and it organized the Cross-Straits Media Summit in Beijing that sparked huge controversy in 2019. It also has its all-round support on the pro-China KMT presidential candidate in the 2020 election. And their journalist also revealed that the Taiwan Affairs Office delivered directives regarding the editing and interview to them on phone.

1. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010001
2. https://tw.appledaily.com/property/20190422/YTECGJ7QUM7XWY6ASZOYJBNKE4/
3. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinese-subsidies-for-Foxconn-and-Want-Want-spark-outcry-in-Taiwan
4. https://hackmd.io/@billy3321/BJepntX3N?type=view
5. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201907170202.aspx

Answered by Lee Penghsuan, and has been reviewed by Pu Lin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Fairfax also has significant holdings in New Zealand.

1. https://archive.ph/wip/s8bZh
2. https://archive.ph/wip/RIRnW

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

FOR YOU (the same as 4U) is a Unique Media group, which unites JAKO FM 96.3 , SHOKOLADI FM 98.5 and LIFE FM 95.9, creating interesting and current content for the multimedia platform www.4U.ge. From 2018, www.4U.ge provides to its users to get acquainted with a wide range of new information in four languages (English, Russian, Chinese and Georgian), using audio, video, text and photo resources. Details on the following link: Link Please also check Civic IDEA's report: Link

1. http://foryou.ge/en/about
2. https://civicidea.ge/en/2-report-on-georgian-chinese-affair/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Tinatin Khidasheli

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The linked organisations are part-owned by PRC citizens or organisations.

1. https://www.cgtn.com/about-us
2. https://www.startimestv.com/home.html
3. https://www.opera.com/
4. http://chinaplus.cri.cn/
5. http://m.scoopernews.com/kenya

Answered by Cathy Wamaitha, and has been reviewed by Allan Cheboi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Opera is a popular online publication with wide reach and many local staff.: Link(company)#:~:text=Opera%20is%20a%20China%2Downed,380%20million%20monthly%20active%20users.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_(company)#:~:text=Opera%20is%20a%20China%2Downed,380%20million%20monthly%20active%20users.

Answered by Eromosele John Aitokhuehi, and has been reviewed by Lekan Otufodunrin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Sekunjalo Independent Media Consortium - Two Chinese State Owned Enterprises (China International Television Corporation and the China Africa Development Fund) own 20%.

Answered by Amanda Strydom, and has been reviewed by Chris Roper

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://asociacionchina.net/
2. http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/hoy/2009n/s2009n11/p62.htm

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Sing Sian Yer Pao United Daily News Group Link this link is important in understanding how extensively Chinese state-owned media have influenced local-national media houses in Thailand. The program appears to be successful. In an initiative taken in 2015, Xinhua signed an MOU with an obscure news site called OPT News. As of the latest information available in November, at least 12 media now have MOUs with Xinhua. ( Link ) Thai-Chinese Journalists Association (TCJA) website : Link (TCJA is supported by the China Media Group Group Asia Pacific, Xinhua News Agency Bangkok, China international broadcasting network, etc)

1. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%A0%B1%E7%B3%BB
2. https://www.cfr.org/blog/thailands-press-warms-chinese-state-media
3. https://th.boell.org/en/2019/12/28/china-told-china-beijings-influences-reach-thai-media-and-beyond
4. http://www.tcjapress.com/

Supplementary Notes

(a few but insignificant is the response but the Chinese state-owned media houses have MoU with the local media houses to copy/share/disseminate information which tries to dismantle the concept about China created by the Western media. They do not need to open the outlets as local media houses are supporting them.) ….The most common method is memorandums of understanding (MOUs) that allow Thai media to republish content, including multimedia like photos and videos, from the Chinese news sources for free. United Daily News Group is based in Taiwan—the inclusion of this news outlet suggests that China is influencing Thailand via a Taiwanese-based media.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

• First Chinese-invested TV channel launches in Cambodia Link

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-09/27/c_136642583.htm

Supplementary Notes

Other supporting evidences are not found in English search. More info may be found in local language. Going through the supporting evidences shared so far and having significant presence in the country, the score could be 3, as the ownership info is not easy to trace.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Several. Some of them are official party-state media such as 1. Radio China International (cri.cn), Link 2. China Heute, Link 3. Beijing Rundschau, Link 4. german.china.org, Link There are also media run by the Chinese diaspora with varying levels of influence or support by the party-state, including guidance or even ownership. (e.g., via the Overseas Chinese Affairs Officeand.) They produce content that has close cooperation with the CCP. 1. Kaiyuan (known as Kaytrip in English), a Munich-based online media and business which began hosting the CCP’s People’s Daily Overseas edition in 2015. It was founded by a Chinese former student in Germany. The media claims it puts out more than 1,000 original reports a year, and has 40 subsidiary WeChat channels in Germany, as well as main channels for France (Hello France) and the Nordic countries (Northern Europe Hello). See: Link 2. Paris-based European Times (欧洲时报) has a German edition (see: Link) or the introduction of the company in German (Link) 3. Chinesische Handelszeitung 华商报. Link Outlets as such are not rare but none of them are considered as influential or mainstream media.

1. http://german.cri.cn/
2. http://german.chinatoday.com.cn/
3. http://www.bjrundschau.com/
4. http://german.china.org.cn/
5. https://web.archive.org/web/20190506180113/
6. http://www.kaytrip.com/corp_about.html
7. http://de.china-info24.com/
8. http://www.oushi.de/de/med/nouvelles
9. https://huashangbao.com/%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e6%88%91%e4%bb%ac/

Answered by Didi Kirsten Tatlow and Yu-Fen Lai, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Prague Times 布拉格时报, Czech-Chinese Journal 捷华通讯, and EC Today (今日中欧网) are owned by PRC citizens. The PRC state-owned company CITIC holds 49% of shares in Czech media company Empresa Media which runs TV channel Barrandov and issues magazines Týden and Instinkt. CITIC also held 57% of shares in media agency Médea within the given period (this has changed recently and CITIC sold its shares back to the Czech minority owner). This company controls majority of Czech advertisement business in media.

1. https://sinopsis.cz/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cns0.pdf
2. https://www.lidovky.cz/byznys/cinska-skupina-citic-prodala-majoritu-v-medialni-firme-medea-zpet-soukupovi.A210726_141809_ln_ekonomika_lijk

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Martin Hála

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Prior to February 2021, China Global Television Network (CGTN) was the primary PRC-owned outlet in the UK. At this time CGTN was expanding its UK operations. However, an investigation by the UK regulatory body Ofcom found that CGTN’s broadcasting licence was held by an entity that had no editorial control over its programming. As such, Ofcom decided to withdraw CGTN’s broadcasting license on the basis that it lacked editorial control, and that this editorial control was likely exercised by the Chinese Communist Party. CGTN was issued with a fine, and no longer has a broadcasting licence, but remains a significant source of PRC-linked media content in the UK.

1. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/04/world/europe/uk-china-cgtn-license.html
2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/celkpjz7dz1o

Answered by Hannah Bailey, and has been reviewed by Martin Thorley and Sam Hogg

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Tanzania-based Startimes media company is jointly owned by Chinese Star Media company and Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation

1. https://www.tcra.go.tz/uploads/documents/sw-1619021592-Network%20Facilities%20as%20of%20May%202020.pdf
2. https://www.dailynews.co.tz/news/big-test-for-tbc-star-media.aspx

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are not many media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens and in many cases it is really hard to find evidence. But I found some quite significant.

1. https://okdiario.com/investigacion/firma-china-compra-mitad-mediapro-cambia-nombre-acuerdo-roures-1757089
2. https://forbes.es/empresas/88082/ano-del-buey-energia-infraestructura-y-jamones-asi-invierten-los-empresarios-chinos-en-espana/
3. https://grupointernacionaldemedios.com/

Supplementary Notes

Media Group with strong relations with China. Director of Radio Inter is Liao Lim.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://archive.ph/pui0L

Answered by Nathan Attrill, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The linked outlets are either wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations. See also: Source: Maiko Ichihara, "Chapter 1. Influence Activities of Domestic Actors on the Internet: Disinformation and Information Manipulation in Japan" in Asia Democracy Research Network, Social Media, Disinformation, and Democracy in Asia: Country Cases (2020), pp.1-29. Link 　

1. https://www.recordchina.co.jp/
2. http://www.searchina.net/

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ilmessaggero.it/economia/flash_news/class_editori_crea_joint_venture_la_cinese_hmi-704958.html
2. https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaip2143.pdf
3. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1603954235127688447&wfr=spider&for=pc
4. http://dw.chinanews.com/chinanews/hmtopic.jsp?cname=ydlxhsb
5. http://www.ouhuatimes.cn/html/muying/

Supplementary Notes

There are two small local mediaoutlets 意大利新华时报 (see URL4 above) & 欧华联合时报 (see URL5 above) written in Chines targeting Chinese Diaspora community (we suppose) in Italy.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The only company found to be partially owned by a Chinese business person is PT China Sonangol Media Investment (CMSI), a joint venture between one of Indonesia's media tycoon Surya Paloh’s Media Group and PT China Sonangol Land. However, the business caught into trouble and unable to pay its suppliers.

1. https://www.world-today-news.com/china-sonangol-affected-by-pkpu-surya-paloh-owners-of-shares/
2. https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/37081/acset-indonusa-proposes-pkpu-china-sonangol-media-investment

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are at least two medias “Dolon TV” and “New Silk Road Observers” which are wholly owned by PRC citizens and corporations.

1. https://www.worldchinesemedia.com/2016/11/21/517/
2. http://ru.siluxgc.com/html/R1413/201711/21069986846746.shtml

Answered by Bakytbek Satybekov and Niva Yau, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/632809/economie/medias-le-chinois-startimes-passe-en-force-au-senegal/
2. https://www.agenceecofin.com/investissement/1510-33146-la-radio-chine-internationale-se-lance-dans-la-conquete-de-l-espace-mediatique-senegalais

Answered by Christian Ngnie, and has been reviewed by Fadel Thior

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Some Chinese organizations such as the Trade Chamber of Chilean and Chinese affairs (CHICIT) run magazines or radio programs in which they disseminate their work and views. Nevertheless, these outlets have limited distribution and are mostly private. The only exception of a further dissemination attempts is the Observatorio Asia Pacífico from the The National Library of the Chilean Congress, which has developed some agreements to hold these documents and share them. As information is so limited it is difficult to deliberate whether the impact of these outlets is significant.

1. https://www.chicit.cl/sitio/?page_id=2106
2. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/nueva-revista-shangbao

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/en_rapport_chine_web_final.pdf
2. https://freebeacon.com/national-security/mexican-radio-beam-chinese-propaganda/

Supplementary Notes

There’s evidence that in 2018, the radio station XEWW-AM 690, located in Rosarito, Mexico, was sold by Grupo Latino de Radio (Prisa’s Radio subsidiary) to Phoenix TV, which is a Pro-Beijing subsidiary.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

You can find in link 1 that there are some of Chinese shareholders in VNG such as: Tenacious Bulldog Holdings Limited, Prosperous Prince Enterprises Limited and Shen Hao. Rumor said that Tenacious Bulldog Holdings Limited and Prosperous Prince Enterprises Limited relates to Tencent Holding Limited – a Chinese game company. The second link is a popular web portal and e-magazine in Vietnam, which belonging to VNG Corporation. VNG has Chinese shareholders but insignificant.

1. https://viettimes.vn/dich-chuyen-so-huu-o-vng-post144358.html
2. https://zingnews.vn/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below links.

1. https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/27/meet-news-break-the-news-app-trending-in-america-founded-by-a-chinese-media-veteran/
2. https://foreignpolicy.com/2017/12/21/one-of-americas-biggest-chinese-language-newspapers-toes-beijings-party-line-china-influence-united-front/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

See below article.

1. https://truenorthfareast.com/news/beijing-tightens-grip-on-chinese-language-media-in-canada

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

NTV7, 8TV said to be have partial ownership by Chinese citizen, but there are no clear evidence. Link Link …the fact that Malaysia only permits a maximum of 30-percent foreign ownership of media organizations has helped to stave off a takeover of the country’s media outlets… Link

1. https://vulcanpost.com/734496/ntv7-history-close-down-replaced-didiktv/
2. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/563237
3. https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

These are mainly Chinese-language online media outlets targeting Chinese diaspora members. A Chinese publishing house Time Marszałek Group operates in the country, however as it is not a media outlet its existence was not reflected in the grading.

1. http://www.plchinese.com/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The Tamil broadcast of “China Radio International" (CRI) is working on a sustained basis to actively propagate the Chinese narrative amongst India's Tamil-speaking population. The reach of this media is insignificant in terms of reach in Tamil Nadu.

1. https://defence.capital/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/MAPPING-CHINESE-FOOTPRINTS-AND-INFLUENCE-OPERATIONS-IN-INDIA2.pdf
2. https://www.1films.in/2020/04/top-tamil-tv-channels-barc-trp-ratings.html

Supplementary Notes

The radio and streaming services are for mostly music and other entertainment content and not media per se which has seen some major investments from Chinese companies. However, it must be noted that at the same time, India has very strict rules against ownership by foreign companies.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Lhakpa Kyizom

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An ownership analysis using the Orbis Europe Database has shown that within the two-hundred-thirty-five media companies (NACE Code 5813) based in Austria only one lists a Chinese entity as an ultimate owner: the Guang Hua Media (Austria) Gmbh, a subsidiary of the french based Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group, is ultimately jointly owned by two PRC citizens, Mr Zhang Xiaobei and Chen Zhong. The Austrian subsidiary of Guang Hua Media is responsible for the group’s media activity in Austria, as well as large number of Central-and-eastern countries, including notably Hungary, Poland, Ukraine and Lithuania. While the group also produces German language news content, in particular through the monthly magazine China Rundschau or the news site(see below URL1), it influence in Austria appears to be mainly limited to Chinese diaspora and expat communities. Markedly, the official Wechat account Weicheng 维城, which provides news on Austria in Chinese, has gained during the last years in notoriety. - Their influence is very limited! The Orbis Europe Database (Bureau Van Dijk) holds data on more than 1.3 million Austria-based companies. The website of Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group is in below URL2.

1. http://de.china-info24.com/
2. http://www.oushinet.com/resource/other_page/about.html

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Klasszik Rádió

1. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-radio-partners-idUSKCN0SR1KS20151102
2. https://www.direkt36.hu/en/kemjatszmakat-hozott-budapestre-orban-kinai-nyitasa/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristína Kironská

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, but these are Chinese language outlets that do not target the Swedish population.

1. https://www.facebook.com/chinanews.se/
2. http://www.cmeds.se/bohrb/

Answered by Richard Turcsányi, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is a Chinese newspaper, China Greece Times, which is owned by the Chinese community in Greece. It has a Facebook page, 《China Greece Times》（see URL below）. Having said that, no Greek media outlets are owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

1. https://www.facebook.com/China-Greece-Times-1480319618714126/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://bit.ly/3lPyohg
2. https://bit.ly/3z3EL8A

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Biroul Roman de Audit Transmedia (BRAT) - is a non-profit media and advertising industry organization whose members include print and online publishers, agencies, advertising executives and clients, broadcasters, radio station owners, outdoor companies and other interested third parties.

1. https://www.brat.ro/

Supplementary Notes

In Romania, there are NO publications with a PRC/CCP shareholding among the 200 most important media outlets in Romania that are members of the professional association in the field (BRAT - Romanian Transmedia Audience Bureau)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://www.ftm.nl/artikelen/chinese-media-in-nederland?share=R6xHQpqBkncxFXUxacKzXFUs%2FTk7G91pPgQoBtbjU6xekleUOVGXWsJzmJf2uo8%3D
2. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/onderzoeksrapport-chinas-invloed-en-de-chinese-gemeenschap-in-nederland-van-prof-dr-frank-pieke/

Supplementary Notes

The only available information is on the influence of PRC on chinese language media in the Netherlands. A think tank report argues the PRCs influence is limited. An investigative journalism website interpret the result of this report differently, they argue that chinese language media in the Netherlands are 'walking on Beijings leash' and are not reporting critically anymore. Still the influence of these media are limited

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not much evidence of Chinese ownership of any significant media outlets. Some fringe websites may be indirectly funded to promote and protect PRC's interests, but direct ownership of local media outlet by PRC-related entities is unlikely. The only exception we've come across is a small media named "Huashang News" owned by a PRC citizen with a very limited outreach and circulation. (links below)

1. http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=5695
2. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-pakistan-softpower/china-boosts-soft-power-in-pakistan-via-film-and-social-media-idUSKCN1VW0LJ
3. http://www.huashangnews.cc/resource/other/about.html

Supplementary Notes

No evidence of direct Chinese ownership of media outlets, except one small outlet reported a few years ago.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Singapore has a controlled media environment. Technically, the Broadcasting Act and the Newspaper and Printing Act prevent foreign ownership or entry into the Singapore media market. Link Link Link

1. https://www.imda.gov.sg/regulations-and-licensing/Regulations/Acts-and-Regulations
2. https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/BA1994
3. https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/NPPA1974
4. https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/media-platform-offers-eye-on-spore-to-chinese-nationals-here

Supplementary Notes

However, there are informal online media sites that have close links to the PRC. One is jointly run by Koh Chin Yee, who is active in pushing cooperation with the PRC. (See document in drive)

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Mariam Usenashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence suggesting this.

Answered by Jean Githae, and has been reviewed by Tolera Gemta

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no information on media groups in Brazil that belong to the Chinese media and there was also no evidence of Chinese capital participation in Brazilian media organizations. On the other hand, according to chapter V, article 222, paragraph 2 of the Brazilian Constitution, the editorial responsibility and the activities of selection and direction of the programming broadcast in Brazil are exclusive to native Brazilians or naturalized for more than 10 years, in any medium of Social Communication. In addition, evidence was sought from sources of the Brazilian government, at the Ministry of Communications, through the Brazil's Law on Access to Information, and no record of Chinese capital participation in radio and open TV broadcast vehicles was found.

1. http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicaocompilado.htm

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence of Bolivian media outlets owned by PRC’s corporations.

Answered by Eloisa Larrea Montaño, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.protectora.org.ar/publicidad/%C2%BFquienes-son-los-duenos-de-los-medios-de-comunicacion-en-argentina-%C2%BFque-medios-agrupan-y-que-relaciones-tienen-entre-si-ademas-%C2%BFcuales-son-las-propuestas-para-una-nueva-ley-de-comu/791/
2. http://argentina.mom-rsf.org/es/propietarios/

Supplementary Notes

Protectora is an Argentinian Association for the defense of consumers rights.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no record that local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

1. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/uruguay/13950.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.observacom.org/tres-grupos-principales-dominan-la-propiedad-de-medios-en-paraguay/
2. https://www.revistaplus.com.py/2018/08/25/los-propietarios-de-medios-de-comunicacion-mas-poderosos-de-paraguay/
3. https://www.rdn.com.py/2020/07/31/duenos-de-medios-reciben-miles-de-millones-de-contratos-con-el-estado/
4. https://www.prensaescrita.com/america/paraguay.php

Supplementary Notes

The most important media outlets are owned by Paraguayan nationals.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Colombian media outlet is wholly or partly-owned by PRC citizens or companies. Colombian media outlets (at the national and local level) are well-established institutions, with ties to politically powerful families, with little need to receive funds from outside sources.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

no evidence was found of media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations that I am aware of. I can’t say for maybe small, online-based media outlets, but all established outlets are owned by Koreans.

1. https://www.leejeonghwan.com/4579

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Article XVI Section 11(1) of the 1987 PH constitution states that “the ownership and management of mass media shall be limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-owned and managed by such citizens.” Link

1. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xvi/

Supplementary Notes

Limited data. Although prohibited by the 1987 constitution, double citizenship may serve as a loophole for PRC citizen or corporations to wholly or partly own local media outlets.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence available.

Answered by Frank Jüris, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no available data on the claim of ownership. Anyhow, the organization “Pojas i put” (the publisher of Glas Kine) has a website section in which several state owned PRC corporations are stated as partners and sponsors of their projects.

1. http://pojasiput.ba/partneri-i-sponzori/poduzeca/

Answered by Tobiáš Lipold, Amina Celikovic, Selma Asceric, Darko Brkan, Emir Velic, Semir Dzebo, Aldin Karahasanovic and Emir Muric, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Supplementary Notes

chinainarabic (Link) is based in Lebanon and Mayadeen (www.almayadeen.net) is also a regional media based in Lebanon, but there financial subsidies and ownership are unknown.

1. http://www.chinainarabic.org/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Despite earlier Chinese interest in buying or partnering with Turkish media outlets (see for example: Link), there are no media owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

1. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/chinese-media-giant-eyes-investment-in-turkey/830128

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Edval Zoto, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

investment screening mechanism Link

1. https://chinaobservers.eu/fragmented-screening-of-chinese-investments-in-cee/

Answered by Una Berzina-Cherenkova, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No direct evidence found.

Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Sierra Leone media organizations are registered as local businesses. So in essence, they are local media institutions. There was 'Lee TV' which had some Chinese partners, but that is no longer operational in the country.

Supplementary Notes

The following helped in reaching my answer: Interview with Station Managers and Editors , Review of the Independent Media Commission (IMC) records, Review of the State of the Media Reports of the SDI and MRCG

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The interview revealed that several print media houses (Finder, Ghanaian Times, Business Times, Daily Graphic) have a very close partnership with China, its not known if they are owned by China in any way

1. https://freedomhouse.org/country/ghana/beijings-global-media-influence/2022

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Interview with the Director of information service, ministry of information of the Gambia suggests this is not the case in the Gambia.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Through agencies such as TopStar, China is involved in the distribution of media signals. There were indications that this migth extend to influence content

1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/14/c_139668394.htm

Supplementary Notes

This was not always done by government media, but by government itself discouraging negative disclosures about Chian. In a way this was self-censoring from the government and it was done even against people withing government who exposed China. More could be gleaned from this: Link

1. https://diggers.news/local/2020/05/27/stick-to-your-lane-banda-warns-sampa-for-closing-chinese-businesses/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence of this.

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

We could not find any evidence that any local media outlets have been wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations. Attaching a report titled "Who Owns the Media in Bangladesh?" by the Center for Governance Studies (CGS) which explored the nature and patterns of media ownership. (see below URLs) The report does not show any Chinese connection.

1. https://bdmediaowners.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Full-Report_Who-Owns-the-Media-in-Bangladesh.pdf
2. https://www.comminit.com/global/content/who-owns-media-bangladesh

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Lithuania's minor radio station "Kelyje" has been fully owned by a German citizen of Chinese descent since 2014. Any links to PRC itself have not been proven, however.

1. https://www.vsd.lt/gresmes/informacines-ir-kibernetines-gresmes/
2. https://www.delfi.lt/verslas/verslas/informaciniame-kare-naujas-zaidejas-kinijos-radijo-stociu-tinklas-pasieke-ir-lietuva.d?id=79259245

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Macikenaite and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence to suggest otherwise.

Answered by Rumena Filipova and Mirela Petkova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no evidence for this claim.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence exists to suggest otherwise.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No local media presence in Afghanistan wholly run by PRC. The Chinese expat community reportedly ranged from 20 to 60 depending on stability in the country during that period, and none of them established a local media.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No existe evidencia de medios que sean propiedad, en todo o parte, de ciudadanos de la RPC o sus empresas.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No se reportan datos, ni existen registros sobre que existan medios de comunicación con propietarios totales o parciales chinos. Existen pequeños periódicos de asociaciones de amistad, pero son de propiedad conjunta de chinos de ultramar (diáspora china).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. http://www.audiovizual.md/reports/15

Supplementary Notes

Not enough economic incentives for this kind of investment. The list of radio and TV media registered in Moldova is available at the link above

Answered by Eugen Muravschi, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://parlament.ua/ru/article/komu-prinadlezhat-ukrainskie-smi-podrobnyj-analiz/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No Evidence Found.

Answered by Gubad Ibadoghlu and Vusal Guliyev, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Supplementary Notes

No evidence found in that regard.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such incident occurred.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

[Second respondent]: It’s interesting to know if the information on media ownership is available for public at all. Otherwise, as per my understanding, answering “no” to this type of question might have a considerable impact on the overall rating and give a misleading representation. In my view, in case of the lack of access to information or absence of the required information, it is more reasonable to skip the question.

Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supplementary Notes

东方出版社Nouvelle's D'Europe in the country seems to be somehow connected to the PRC-connected entities in terms of capital, but can't be confirmed.

Answered by Filip Noubel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.