Media

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. Cortes-Gidago LLC 2. MS Group LLC 3. Hamburg LLC + 8 advertising companies affiliated with China. The representatives of the People's Republic of China appear both in the company which holds 51% (control package) of shares in the GBTIMES OY LLC, including its parent company and also, in the company that owns 46% of shares in the MS Group LLC. Link

1. https://civicidea.ge/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Civic-IDEAs-report-Chinas-Wolf-Warrior-Policy-in-the-Media-%E2%80%93-the-Case-of-Georgia.pdf

Answered by Valeri Chechelashvili, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

El Expreso (affiliated to La Estrella de Panamá), Diario Chino, Radio Chinavision and others are owned by chinese diaspora and publish CCP sponsored content. China 507 outlet went as far as endorsing a presidential candidate. Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Significant" rating.

1. https://www.laestrella.com.pa/tag/el-expreso
2. https://diariochino.net/nationalinfo.php
3. https://chinavision1180am.com/

Answered by Alonso Illueca, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

yes

1. https://www.facebook.com/396670833862610/posts/moici-and-mainstream-media-officials-return-from-chinathe-peoples-republic-of-ch/803013939894962/

Supplementary Notes

Hunan Media and TV Station works in afilliation with both the Ministry of Information in The Gambia and media houses

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In fact most of the diasporic media that are based in france but consumed throughout Euope, including 欧洲时报, but also the bilingual TV channel 欧视 /法国华人卫视, and 欧洲华语广播电台

1. https://freedomhouse.org/fr/country/france/beijings-global-media-influence/2022#footnote61_yimogtt

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Prague Times 布拉格时报, and Czech-Chinese Journal 捷华通讯 are owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities. They are significant within the diaspora context, not the whole society. However, the PPF Group, a Czech company with strong business interests in the PRC, owns through the CME Group TV Nova, which runs several TV stations belonging to the most followed TV platforms in the Czech Republic.

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20240119113309/https://www.gcmcu.com/web/LMCY/index.html
2. https://www.ppf.eu/nase-spolecnosti/cme
3. https://www.forum24.cz/zemanuv-tlumocnik-vysvetluje-jak-budoval-tzv-vyvazeny-pohled-na-cinu/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Media insiders including Victor Ho, former chief-editor of the BC edition of Sing Tao Daily, has disclosed Beijing’s tactics of controlling Canadian media including purchasing or investing in media outlets to alter their editorial positions. Sing Tao’s owner Charles Ho, is closely linked to Beijing.

1. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/1967098/-analysis-beijings-control-of-chinese-language-media-in-canada
2. https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/inside-canadas-chinese-language-media-beijing-has-become-the-mainstream-says-ex-sing-tao-editor

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Terry Glavin

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are a number of media companies in Australia that have been identified as being controlled by the PRC government, including Southeast Net Australia, Australia Pacific Media Group, and Nan Hai Culture and Media Group. Some other notable cases include the Australian-registered partnership between Global CAMG Media Group and China Radio International, which ended in 2020; and Ostar Media Group was liquidated in 2021. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'More than a few' rating. An ASPI report has found that these PRC-connected media outlets have played an important role promoting narrative favourable to the PRC. While other Chinese-language media in Australian exist to balance out their influence, they nonetheless influence the views of Chinese Australians, which may translate into broader political influence considering the concentration of Chinese Australians in certain constituencies. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a 'Significant' rating. Nevertheless, It is important to highlight that Chinese Australians are not passive consumers of propaganda and have their way of navigating such controversial matters.

1. https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/beijing-controls-chinese-language-media-agencies-in-australia-says-intel-agency-20201202-p56k10.html
2. https://www.aspi.org.au/report/influence-environment
3. https://www.theepochtimes.com/world/major-chinese-media-group-in-melbourne-to-be-liquidated-3910941
4. https://transparency.ag.gov.au/Registrants/Details/59d37e84-f972-e911-8125-0050569d617d
5. https://freedomhouse.org/country/australia/beijings-global-media-influence/2022
6. https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2023/11/25/chinese-language-media-in-australia-clickbait-or-security-threat/
7. https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/2020-12/The%20influence%20environment.pdf

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Kevin Mooney and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China provides 100 million Yuan to Armenia for broadcasting purposes as part of the cooperation agreement. 2023. The report said that the main broadcasting hall of the Public Television Company had been re-equipped, and a mobile station had been provided Link

1. https://gfsis.org.ge/publications/view/3466

Answered by Artak Kyurumyan, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

On July 7, 2015, the ElTR television company extended its contract with Xinjiang Television of the People's Republic of China for another three years. In addition to broadcasting the program "Zhungogo Sapar" ("Journey to China"), which is dedicated to economic and cultural topics, it is planned to show Chinese TV series. ElTR has been cooperating with Xinjiang Television since 2004. In 2014, the TV channel received 19.3 million soms from the PRC. Link There are also two other PRC media entities, Dolon TV and Land Bridge, that operate locally as private media without registration as foreign media. Link

1. https://regnum.ru/news/2085096
2. https://osce-academy.net/upload/file/ChinaAffairsENG.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"Link - China Radio International in Mongolian Link - And Studio /FB page operated by China Radio International in Mongolian language/ CRI Darhan at 103.7 FM is a radio station in Darhan, Mongolia. It is part of China Radio International. Link"

1. https://mongol.cri.cn/
2. https://www.facebook.com/Andstudio2020
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRI_Darhan

Answered by Dulamkhorloo Baatar, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

As for owned by the CCP: Some Chinese organizations such as the Trade Chamber of Chilean and Chinese affairs (CHICIT) run magazines or radio programs in which they disseminate their work and views. Nevertheless, these outlets have limited distribution and are mostly private. The only exception of a further dissemination attempts is the Observatorio Asia Pacífico from the The National Library of the Chilean Congress, which has developed some agreements to hold these materials and share them. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "few" rating. As for business interests in the RPC: the Luksic group is both involved with China in different levels and owns several media outlets including radio groups and Tele-13. Indirectly, Radio cooperativa has interests through the legacy of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, as the conglomerate that owns the radio is closely related to the Democracia Cristiana and donated money to their candidates. Ruiz-Tagle is the current Chilean commercial envoy to Asia and the president that kickstarted the FTA with China. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "significant" rating.

1. https://www.bcn.cl/observatorio/asiapacifico/noticias/nueva-revista-shangbao
2. https://www.chicit.cl/sitio/?page_id=2106;
3. https://gmba.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/1080/1822.htm
4. https://www.df.cl/empresas/actualidad/la-universidad-catolica-sale-de-la-propiedad-de-canal-13-y-andronico;
5. https://www.latercera.com/diario-impreso/auge-y-caida-de-un-poderoso-de-la-dc/

Answered by Sascha Hannig Núñez, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Czech financial conglomerate PPF owns TV Markíza, one of the largest and most influantial TV stations in Slovakia. At the same time, PPF has substantial business interests in China, especially in financial sector (regulated market).

1. https://www.datocms-assets.com/40359/1691072411-ppf-vz-2022-cz-webv2.pdf

Answered by Matej Šimalčík, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China Greece Times is theonly reported Chinese online newspaper that was founded in Athens, Greece in 2005 by the local Chinese Community. Additionally, there is one case of a Greek businessman, namely Evangelos Marinakis, who owns the Greek newspapers "To Vima" and "Ta Nea", and he Greek TV channel "Mega", that has significant shipbuilding interests in China. Therefore, this indicatoe deserves a "Few" rating. However, Marinakis has extensive influence and active presence in the Port of Piraeus Authority, majority owned by the Chinese state-company COSCO. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelos_Marinakis
2. https://www.newmoney.gr/roh/palmos-oikonomias/nautilia/ellada-ke-kina-kiriarchoun-stin-pagkosmia-naftilia/
3. https://www.cgw.gr/
4. https://www.facebook.com/China-Greece-Times-1480319618714126/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PRC-connected individuals own local media outlets that the PRC and naturalised PRC communities depend on for local news. Other Singaporeans who prefer Mandarin-langauge content also use these online media services. The owners appear to have significant commercial interests in the PRC. They include VasterNews, Singapore Eye, and others. The PRC embassy in Singapore seeks to cultivate and cooperate with these outlets.

1. https://www.facebook.com/AmbChina.sg/posts/pfbid02UauVZUS9wNTUBEWvq4Vbtawv5cDVrgJLkkvpaNS9XJt5fZSgv3gpZtzRG23gw7wHl
2. http://vasternews.com
3. https://www.52hrtt.com/za/n/w
4. https://sgyezi.com
5. https://www.facebook.com/nestiasg/
6. https://www.yan.sg
7. https://www.sgwritings.com
8. https://yyangg.wordpress.com/2020/06/10/media-platform-offers-eye-on-singapore-to-chinese-nationals-here/
9. https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/shishi-hecha/singapore/hc-05042024110032.html
10. https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/shishi-hecha/singapore/hc-05062024121747.html
11. https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/shishi-hecha/singapore/hc-05062024144422.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to Article 73 of Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, "unless permitted by the competent authorities, any individual, juristic person, organization, or other institution of the Mainland Area, or any company it invests in any third area may not engage in any investment activity in the Taiwan Area." However, Taiwanese media are still able to receive fund from reinvestment of Chinese citizens or legal persons to foreign corporations. Back in 2003, report has revealed that there are Chinese influences investing 17 Taiwanese media through the foreign entity Newslink Investment. And in 2008, Tsai Eng-Ming, the owner of Want Want Group, took over China Times Media Group, and influences the media under it with his own political stance. Recently, media have revealed that the Want Want Group has received a government grant of 477 million RMB. And according to the financial reports of Want Want China from 2007 to 2018, it has received grants from the Chinese government as much as 1.526 trillion RMB. The China Times Media Group has become extremely pro-CCP after Want Want stepping in, and it organized the Cross-Straits Media Summit in Beijing that sparked huge controversy in 2019. It also has its all-round support on the pro-China KMT presidential candidate in the 2020 election. And their journalist also revealed that the Taiwan Affairs Office delivered directives regarding the editing and interview to them on phone. In 2020, Chung Tien Television (CTI), which owned by Want Want Media, was revoked license due to its constant airing of inaccuate news and disinformation.

1. https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=Q0010001
2. https://tw.appledaily.com/property/20190422/YTECGJ7QUM7XWY6ASZOYJBNKE4/
3. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinese-subsidies-for-Foxconn-and-Want-Want-spark-outcry-in-Taiwan
4. https://hackmd.io/@billy3321/BJepntX3N?type=view
5. https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/201907170202.aspx
6. https://www.voanews.com/a/press-freedom_why-taiwan-killed-tv-news-broadcasting-license-despite-legal-freedom-speech/6198834.html

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most of the Chinese language media in New Zealand are majority owned by PRC connected individuals suh as Wang Lili (Chinese New Zealand Herald) and Ally Zhang (Skykiwi)

1. https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/chinaresearchcentre/home/homepage-assets/on-the-record-an-introduction-to-aotearoa-new-zealands-chinese-language-media/On-the-Record.pdf

Answered by Catherine Churchman, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

For example, Mango Media Sdn Bhd a Malaysian media outlet that is owned by the PRC. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. It is important because there is a big portion of the Malaysian population who are sinophone and are very well read (to the point that they create too, as Malaysians on these platforms) about the social media culture of China. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Significant" rating.

1. https://my.linkedin.com/in/芒果传媒有限公司-mango-media-sdn-bhd-09a32825b

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xinhua news agency has signed MOU with some Thai media organizations to provide free news about China. Thai media finds it convenient.

1. https://www.businesstoday.co/bt-news/30/10/2019/10739/
2. https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/My-Personal-History/Dhanin-Chearavanont/Dhanin-Chearavanont-1-The-Thai-company-with-Chinese-roots-and-a-global-vision2

Supplementary Notes

Leading Thai conglomerates including Thailand's Charoen Pokphand (CP), owner of Thai News Network (TNN); a Thai satellite, cable and digital terrestrial 24-hour news channel owned by Thai News Network (TNN) Co., Ltd., a unit of TrueVisions, a subsidiary of True Corporation, part of the Charoen Pokphand Group, were actively pursuing businesses in China. CP Group is known in China as "Zhèng Dà" (正大 - "positive" or "upright"). When China opened up its economy in 1978, the CP Group was the first foreign investor in the country and became the first foreign company registered in the special economic zone of Shenzhen, Guangdong. The company is the single largest investor in Mainland China today commanding over a fifth of China's entire feed meal market LINK

Answered by Pravit Rojanaphruk, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, there are local media entities with significant ties to PRC and PRC-connected individuals and entities.

1. https://www.khmertimeskh.com

Answered by Bradley J. Murg, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

A network of at least 123 websites operated from within the People’s Republic of China while posing as local news outlets in 30 countries across Europe, Asia, and Latin America, disseminates pro-Beijing disinformation and ad hominem attacks within much larger volumes of commercial press releases. Two of these websites were in Polish and oriented towards Polish public.

1. https://citizenlab.ca/2024/02/paperwall-chinese-websites-posing-as-local-news-outlets-with-pro-beijing-content/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xinhua News Agency North America, China Daily of Beijing, People's Daily Overseas Edition, and CCTV have registered as local affiliates of PRC state media under the US Foreign Agents Registration Act. The Council on Foreign Relations claims that Beijing or its proxies, such as pro-China businesspeople, now control nearly all of the Chinese-language media in the United States. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "More than a few" rating. However, the PRC controls few local-language media outlets and Chinese-language media does not reach the majority of Americans. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://efile.fara.gov/ords/fara/f?p=1381:11:2230512195999::NO::P11_CNTRY:CH
2. https://www.cfr.org/article/chinas-growing-attempts-influence-us-politics

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There’s evidence that in 2018, the radio station XEWW-AM 690, located in Rosarito, Mexico, was sold by Grupo Latino de Radio (Prisa’s Radio subsidiary) to Phoenix TV, which is a Pro-Beijing subsidiary. Therefore, thins indicator deserves a ‘few, insignificant" rating.

1. https://rsf.org/sites/default/files/en_rapport_chine_web_final.pdf
2. https://freebeacon.com/national-security/mexican-radio-beam-chinese-propaganda/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are local initiatives such as Revista 168 | 哥国杂志168 a bilingual (Spanish and Chinese) social media outlet for the Chinese-speaking public residing in Costa Rica. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "few" rating. Activities related to the Belt and Road are promoted. Therefore, this indicator deserves an insignificant rating.

1. https://www.revista168.com/29-2/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Austria, there is one local media outlet whose ownership could be traced back to PRC-connected individuals or entities:The Guang Hua Media (Austria) GmbH, a subsidiary of the french-based Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group, is ultimately jointly owned by two PRC citizens. The Austrian subsidiary of Guang Hua Media is responsible for the group’s media activity in Austria and 22 more countries in Central and Eastern Europe, including Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, and Lithuania. The existence or reach of other media outlets mentioned in a document of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce as having an impact in Austria (i.e. 欧洲联合周报 (see below), 欧洲华信报 and 中国人报) could not be verified. Therefore, this indicator deserves a "Few" rating. Guang Hua Cultures et Media Group also produces German language news content, in particular through the monthly magazine China Rundschau or a German language news website. However, its influence in Austria appears to be mainly limited to Chinese diaspora and expat communities. Similarly, the reach of the official Wechat account for Austria, called 维城, which provides news on Austria in Chinese, is arguably limited to the same audience (around 500- 5,000 reads per article). Therefore, this indicator deserves an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://www.oushinet.com/resource/other_page/about.html
2. https://firmeneintrag.creditreform.de/1060/9110801051/GUANG_HUA_MEDIA_AUSTRIA_GMBH#firmenauskunft
3. https://www.mofcom.gov.cn/dl/gbdqzn/upload/aodili.pdf

Supplementary Notes

Details wie Namen (in Klammern) sowie weitere mögliche Medien mit entsprechendem Hintergrund wohl nur ebenfalls via Orbis nachvollziehbar

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Alfred Gerstl

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Xinhua office in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Xinhua’s role in the news production system in B&H, though kept relatively under the radar of the general public, is being additionally weakened by its ‘status’ and by being perceived through its dual function: as a propagandist tool of the Chinese government and as a news agency whose interest and credibility are not fully in line with socially accepted and otherwise dominant liberal views.

1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jasmin-Hasic/publication/368720627_Foreign-Directed_Media_Content_and_Normative_Localization_of_Government_Narratives_Abroad_An_Analysis_of_Editorial_Policies_Of_Chinese_News_Agency_Xinhua_in_Bosnia_And_Herzegovina/links/63f72f715749505945388677/Foreign-Directed-Media-Content-and-Normative-Localization-of-Government-Narratives-Abroad-An-Analysis-of-Editorial-Policies-Of-Chinese-News-Agency-Xinhua-in-Bosnia-And-Herzegovina.pdf

Supplementary Notes

BiH is notably the first country in the Balkans to host a dedicated outlet to China’s perspective and its BRI (Glas Kine – The Voice of China issued by the Sarajevo-based Bosnia-China Friendship Association), but these seem to have limited audience.

Answered by Stefan Vladisavljev and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://kinacentrum.se/publikationer/navigating-chinese-presence-in-the-swedish-media-landscape/
2. https://kinacentrum.se/publikationer/ro-med-kommunistpartiets-aror-en-granskning-av-den-kinesiska-medienarvaron-i-sverige/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

1. https://cn.helsinkitimes.fi/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is one rather insignificant news site that targets local Chinese citizens. It has been operating for a number of years, providing info on Danish news.

1. https://www.loong.dk/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are certainly local media outlets that are owned by PRC or co-owned by Italian and PRC citizens or corporations, but they are minor in the overall media setting. Therefore, this Indicator deserves a "Few" and an "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://freedomhouse.org/country/italy/beijings-global-media-influence/2022
2. https://theprint.in/world/breakup-of-italian-chinese-media-over-beijings-propaganda-raises-eyebrows/1104141/
3. https://www.iai.it/en/news/chinese-media-italy

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Direct PRC influence on media ownership is not mentioned in thinktank reporting. There are some allusions to Chinese language media existing and toeing the line of the PRC, but these are considered few and unimportant. Therefore, the indicator deserves the "Few" and "Insignifican" rating.

1. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/onderzoeksrapport-chinas-invloed-en-de-chinese-gemeenschap-in-nederland-van-prof-dr-frank-pieke/
2. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Chinas-influence-and-the-Chinese-community-in-the-Netherlands-F.N.-Pieke.-Machine-translation..pdf
3. https://leidenasiacentre.nl/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Frank-Pieke-Chinese-influence-and-interference-LeidenAsiaCentre-Rapport.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Though only one media group was found to be partly owned by a PRC connected fund, it is the group controlling TV transmitions of sports in Spain and Europe, particularly Spanish football.

1. https://www.elconfidencial.com/empresas/2021-11-28/mediapro-fondo-chino-orient-hontai_3332276/

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are some Chinese shareholders in VNG such as Tenacious Bulldog Holding Ltd, Prosperous Prince Enterprises Ltd., and Shen Hao (link 1). Rumor says that frist two mentioned companies are connected to Tencent Holding Ltd., a Chinese multinational technology conglomerate headquartered in Shenzhen. Therefore, this Indicator deserves an "Few" and "Insignificant" rating.

1. https://viettimes.vn/dich-chuyen-so-huu-o-vng-post144358.html
2. https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Startups/Gaming-startup-VNG-aims-to-launch-Vietnam-s-answer-to-ChatGPT

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Pauk Phaw and Mingala News are operating as local media outlets but they are wholly owned by PRC. Since the number is quite few, it could be considered as insignificant.

1. https://www.facebook.com/chinaPaukphaw?mibextid=LQQJ4d.
2. https://www.facebook.com/mingalanews

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

China has influence in the media landscape using private business to provide satelite TV.

1. https://www.cmi.no/file/2954-.pdf

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Sérgio Chichava

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An online media called Record China operates under the ownership of of a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, if not wholly-owned: Link"

1. http://adrnresearch.org/publications/list.php?cid=1&sp=%26sp%5B%5D%3D1%26sp%5B%5D%3D2%26sp%5B%5D%3D3&pn=1&st=&code=&at=view&idx=118&ckattempt=1

Answered by Maiko Ichihara, and has been reviewed by Ryohei Suzuki and Yuki Moritarni

Answer

Supporting Evidence

PT China Sonangol Media Investment (CMSI), a joint venture between one of Indonesia's media magnate Surya Paloh's Media Group and PT China Sonangol Land, is the only company discovered to be partially controlled by a Chinese businessperson. However, the company ran into financial difficulties and was unable to pay its suppliers.

1. https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/37081/acset-indonusa-proposes-pkpu-china-sonangol-media-investment

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Yes, e.g. Radio China International (cri.cn), China Heute, Beijing Rundschau, german.china.org

1. https://german.cri.cn/
2. http://german.chinatoday.com.cn/
3. https://german.beijingreview.com.cn/

Answered by Angela Stanzel, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Una Aleksandra Berzina-Cerenkova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no indication of PRC-connected entities.

1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15482614

Answered by Danil Bekturganov and Tatyana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Farkhod Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No evidence was found.

Answered by Umedjon Majidi, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

Link Here is the list of media outlets.

1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14636310

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Supplementary Notes

No new evidence was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Link Link The seemingly buzzing Lebanese media market is controlled by only a few highly politicized owners who are either directly affiliated with political parties or belong to Lebanese dynasties.

1. https://rsf.org/en/lebanese-media-family-affair
2. http://lebanon.mom-gmr.org/

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Aksana Akhmedova

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

In Peru there are no television or written press media managed by companies or people of Chinese origin. However, there are magazines like ChinaHoy that are distributed in Peru.

Answered by Jack Lo Lau and Jorge Jesús Chávez Ortíz, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Supplementary Notes

The majority of TV owners in Venezuela doesn´t have business in the PRC. Maybe we can consider interests that have some venezuelan public media, but they are managed or controled by the Governent.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In the public registry of media outlets of Ecuador, there is no ones beloging to PRC citizens or corporations.

1. https://www.consejodecomunicacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/MEDIOS-POR-INFORMACION-GENERAL-DICIEMBRE.xlsx
2. https://appscvssoc.supercias.gob.ec/consultaCompanias/societario/inversionSocietaria.jsf

Answered by Paúl Mena Mena, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://freedomhouse.org/country/colombia/beijings-global-media-influence/2022

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Team Fundación Andrés Bello - Centro de Investigación Chino Latinoamericano

Answer

Supporting Evidence

I did not find public evidence of this.

Supplementary Notes

I could not find public evidence, espcially that the law bans the Algerian media from receiving any funding or material assistance from any “foreign entity”. Link

1. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/14/algeria-parliament-approves-law-tightening-control-over-the-media

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No new change. Bangladesh's media (especially if they have an online outlet - requires government registration). There are some media owners conglomerates who have business with China.

1. https://bdmediaowners.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Full-Report_Who-Owns-the-Media-in-Bangladesh.pdf
2. https://www.thedailystar.net/business/global-economy/news/chinese-company-opens-22m-factory-3328946
3. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/energy/chinese-longi-supply-solar-modules-orions-134mw-power-plant-258955

Supplementary Notes

Meghna Group owns Ekattor TV Orion Group owns The Business Standard newspaper

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Filip Noubel

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Konstantinas Andrijauskas, and has been reviewed by Vida Mačikėnaitė-Ambutavičienė and Linas Didvalis

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Rumena Filipova, and has been reviewed by Matej Šimalčík

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Kristina Kironska

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by Richard Turcsányi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. http://montenegro.mom-gmr.org/cg/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Checking the databases of media ownership in Northe Macedonia revealed no such cases. Aditionaly, a consultation with a media expert from the Asociation of Journalists of Macedonia, AJM, further corroborted this point.

1. https://mediumi.prizma.mk/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

In Romania, there are NO publications with a PRC shareholding among the 200 most important media outlets in Romania that are members of the professional association in the field (BRAT - Romanian Transmedia Audience Bureau). The Chinactiv e-newsletter published (in Romanian) by the embassy has no impact on the media market

1. https://www.brat.ro
2. http://ro.china-embassy.gov.cn/rom/wjbfyrnew/s5/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://parlament.ua/ru/article/komu-prinadlezhat-ukrainskie-smi-podrobnyj-analiz/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Mădălina Voinea and Sorin Ionita

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No evidence found.

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Javier Melendez

Answer

Not Found

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

"No evidence of Paraguayan media outlets owned by PRC’s corporations. "

Answered by Hernan Alberro, and has been reviewed by Julieta Heduvan

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are laws in Pakistan against foreign ownership of broadcast media. In any case, Pakistani media is generally strategically aligned with PRC so there's little value in owning local media, wholly or in part.

Supplementary Notes

No evidence found of direct Chinese ownership of media outlets.

Answered by Shahzada Zulfiqar, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no specific evidence indicating that local media outlets in Afghanistan are wholly or majority-owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities. However, significant cooperation exists between Afghan media outlets and Chinese media organizations. For instance, the Xinhua News Agency has reportedly signed contracts with 25 to 30 Afghan media outlets, including Rasad News Agency, Kabul Times, 1TV, Saba TV, Aftab TV, and Afghanistan TV. This cooperation primarily involves content sharing and programming agreements, rather than ownership. Additionally, some Afghan media outlets have received financial support from Chinese entities for producing and broadcasting media content, such as Chinese language lessons. While these collaborations indicate a level of influence and partnership, they do not equate to ownership or majority control by PRC-connected individuals or entities.

1. https://www.ifj.org/fileadmin/user_upload/IFJ_Report_2020_-_The_China_Story.pdf

Answered by Rahimullah Kakar, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. NO LINK

Answered by Temur Umarov, and has been reviewed by Niva Yau

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108104353/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-66909370
2. https://sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/ccps-influence-peddling-in-india-becomes-more-visible-than-ever
3. https://web.archive.org/web/20240108105710/https://sundayguardianlive.com/opinion/ccps-influence-peddling-in-india-becomes-more-visible-than-ever

Supplementary Notes

They are few reports on Indian media group receiving funds from China, however, many critics says that reasons behind the raids such as the ones at NewsClick was purely intentional as it has been publishing news critical of the current government. However, there is no indication that any of these media are wholly or marjority owned by PRC-connected individuals or entities.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Not Found

1. https://www.iol.co.za/about-iol
2. https://mg.co.za/article/2013-08-16-chinese-companies-scoop-shares-in-independent-news/

Supplementary Notes

However, Independent Media, one of South Africa's big media companies, is partly owned (20%) by Chinese state-owned enterprises (China International Television Corporation and the China Africa Development Fund).

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Not Found

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no information on media groups in Brazil that belong to the Chinese media and there was also no evidence of Chinese capital participation in Brazilian media organizations. On the other hand, according to chapter V, article 222, paragraph 2 of the Brazilian Constitution, the editorial responsibility and the activities of selection and direction of the programming broadcast in Brazil are exclusive to native Brazilians or naturalized for more than 10 years, in any medium of Social Communication. In addition, evidence was sought from sources of the Brazilian government, at the Ministry of Communications, through the Brazil's Law on Access to Information, and no record of Chinese capital participation in radio and open TV broadcast vehicles was found.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no identified local media outlet wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

1. https://ariregister.rik.ee/est/company_search_result/86dfc31?display=list&active_reg_code=&page=1&order_by=status__desc

Supplementary Notes

E-Business Register of Estonia

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are MoUs from 2023 between the two sides for such cooperation.

1. https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2014/12/30/nepal-china-sign-mou-on-media-cooperation
2. https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/call-for-forging-collaboration-between-chinese-and-nepali-media/

Answered by Sriparna Pathak, and has been reviewed by Amish Mulmi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

According to current Russian legislation regulating the media sphere, foreign citizens and legal entities may not act as founders of mass media outlets (Article 19.1 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Mass Media").

1. https://digital.gov.ru/ru/documents/3219/

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 3 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Although China has supported local government-owned media with donations of equipment and training of journalists, there's no evidence of ownership of the media

Answered by Ernest Mudzengi and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula and Dr. Obert Hodzi

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Andronicus Sikula, Dr. Obert Hodzi and Christian Rumu

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No such existence in Timor-Leste.

Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Ricardo Ferrer Picado, and has been reviewed by Hernan Alberro

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

Answered by Eric Lemus, and has been reviewed by Julio Martinez and Alvaro Cruz

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-xvi/

Supplementary Notes

The 1987 Constitution bars foreign ownership of media outlets. Therefore, this answer deserves a "No" response.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Agather Atuhaire

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There is no observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

Answer

Supporting Evidence

There are no local media outlets entirely or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations so far. Established outlets are all owned by Koreans.

1. https://www.leejeonghwan.com/4579

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

No, but Chinese state-owned media have established its Arabic branches.

1. https://arabic.cgtn.com/home
2. http://cctv.cntv.cn/lm/news_arabic/01/index.shtml
3. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/27/business/media/27iht-tv.html

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

Most media outlets in Qatar are owned by the state, royal family members, or their affiliates. Major Qatari media entities include Qatar Media Corporation (state-owned), Al Jazeera (government-funded), and various pro-government newspapers and radio stations. No evidence indicates PRC ownership or control of Qatari media outlets.

Answered by Muhammad Zulfikar Rakhmat, and has been reviewed by Yeta Purnama

Answer

Supporting Evidence

The broadcasting license of Chinese state media CGTN in the UK was revoked by the Communications Office in 2021. There is no current observation of the Indicator phenomenon.

1. https://www.ofcom.org.uk/news-centre/2021/ofcom-revokes-cgtn-licence-to-broadcast-in-uk

Answered by Leo Shaw, and has been reviewed by Sam Dunning and Andrew Yeh

Answer

Supporting Evidence

An independent Israeli media watchdog, The Seventh Eye, has been mapping media ownership structures in Israel. According to their most recent report and a conversation with their editorial team in July 2023, no Chinese or China-related entities own or partially own Israeli media outlets.

1. https://www.the7eye.org.il/199192

Answered by The Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.