Vietnam
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Vietnam had a GDP per capita of US$3,694 and a total population of 98.1 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 1.2 million people, or 1.2% of the total population.
Vietnam established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1991. Vietnam was ranked 174th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 19/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media10.0% / 30.1%
- Academia11.1% / 34%
- Economy60.0% / 33.6%
- Society11.4% / 23.6%
- Military0.0% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement54.5% / 30.2%
- Technology36.4% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics32.5% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy63.9% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
You can find in link 1 that there are some of Chinese shareholders in VNG such as: Tenacious Bulldog Holdings Limited, Prosperous Prince Enterprises Limited and Shen Hao. Rumor said that Tenacious Bulldog Holdings Limited and Prosperous Prince Enterprises Limited relates to Tencent Holding Limited – a Chinese game company. The second link is a popular web portal and e-magazine in Vietnam, which belonging to VNG Corporation. VNG has Chinese shareholders but insignificant.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Skip this question because I don’t have any evidence for this argument, but I believe the answer is “yes”. For security reasons and keep good relationship with China, some news related to China need to be carefully censor such as border and sea disputes.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Vietnam, China is not considered as a country which have good human right implementation. Media in Vietnam have reported a lot news regarding to some alleged human rights violations in China. I did try to research about the term of “China respect Human rights”, “no human right abuse in China” or relating, but there is no result or something significant related. In fact that, media would not be allowed to say that “PRC has human right abuse” in official channels because of political reasons. However, by reporting news about Xinjiang, Hong Kong, Tibel, Tiananmen in China also make public significantly concern about PRC has problem with human right.
- http://cand.com.vn/Binh-luan-quoc-te/Dang-sau-lenh-trung-phat-cua-phuong-Tay-voi-Trung-Quoc-634813/
- https://tuoitre.vn/150-thuong-hieu-toan-cau-co-the-vi-pham-nhan-quyen-o-tan-cuong-20210330095454911.htm
- https://vnexpress.net/tag/nguoi-duy-ngo-nhi-835419
- https://trithucvn.org/trung-quoc/nguyen-nhan-nao-khien-trung-quoc-gia-tang-dan-ap-nguoi-duy-ngo-nhi.html
- https://tuoitre.vn/anh-to-bi-trung-quoc-bit-mieng-ve-van-de-tan-cuong-20210326161135494.htm
- https://www.facebook.com/quocan.mai/posts/10214546502928827
- https://vnexpress.net/topic/bieu-tinh-chong-du-luat-dan-do-o-hong-kong-23993
- https://thanhnien.vn/the-gioi/hong-kong-bieu-tinh-lon-nhat-sau-bau-cu-1157197.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below note.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Chinese is a foreign language from 6-12 grades, but no, Vietnam does not receive free educational books and teachers from PRC; textbooks used in the Chinese language curriculum in Vietnam’s schools must conform with Vietnam’s official policy, thus, Chinese language books that contain China’s claims in the South China Sea are banned in Vietnam
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Academic institutions that have received financial support from PRC entities include, but are not limited to, the Hanoi University that has a Confucius Institute, and the Ho Chi Minh Academy of Politics (HCMA), the central training institution of the ruling Communist Party of Vietnam. The HCMA has received financial support from the PRC in the past, but not in the period from Jan 2020.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Link The COVID pandemic since Jan 2020 makes this activity impossible, but this kind of exchange is normal in Sino-Vietnamese relations.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Although there is no report in the Internet about a specific case, but Vietnam’s scholars and academics are aware that they may be harassed and punished if they are too critical of China, especially in sensitive issues related to China’s “core interests”. There is self-censorship among Vietnamese academics about this. Thus, although there may be no specific case, the pressure is real and PRC punishment serves as a deterrent.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
The fact is teachers and professors in Vietnam generally avoid the discussion of sensitive political issues in general as well as those related to China. There is little report about this state of affairs perhaps because it is taken for granted.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below links.
- https://thanhnien.vn/tai-chinh-kinh-doanh/xuat-khau-dau-tho-thang-8-tang-cao-1275381.html
- https://www.pvpower.vn/hoat-dong-xuat-ban-dau-tho-viet-nam-luon-dam-bao-hieu-qua-va-an-toan/
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
- https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2020/AIIB-Approves-First-Vietnam-Loan-to-Help-Private-Sector-COVID-19-Response.html
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Numerous incidents of PRC using different pretexts to delay or block temporarily imports of goods, mostly perishable agricultural produces, at border gates. Incidents happened during the COVID pandemic can be said as a response to the pandemic and not an example of China’s coercion: Link But there are numerous incidents that happened before the COVID pandemic: see below links.
- https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/thi-truong/500-xe-container-cho-nong-san-xuat-khau-sang-trung-quoc-tac-o-cua-khau-tan-thanh-578588.html
- https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/kinh-doanh/thi-truong/trung-quoc-ap-dung-may-soi-nong-san-500-xe-container-thanh-long-tac-o-cua-khau-559954.html
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Because the government of Vietnam discourages businesses from engaging in political issues in general, even more so in sensitive issues related to PRC. So the best answer is NOT AVAILABLE.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below links.
- http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/enaseanupgrade.shtml
- https://www.dw.com/en/asia-pacific-nations-sign-worlds-biggest-free-trade-agreement/a-55604659
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NO for the period from Jan 2020 on, but YES in industrial parks open to all foreign investment, not just from the PRC. The VCP Politburo put forward, in 2018 and again in 2019, two major attempts to establish special economic zones to attract investment anticipated to be mainly from the PRC, through the passing of the Special Zones Act. However, both attempts failed due to strong popular protests
- https://chinadialogue.net/en/business/11154-public-criticism-pressures-vietnam-to-back-down-on-new-economic-zones/
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/2149785/vietnamese-see-special-economic-zones-assault-china
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/Vietnam-s-economic-zones-derailed-by-anti-China-protests
- https://muse.jhu.edu/article/722691/pdf
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.facebook.com/DoanBaoChau21165/posts/10158505119528965
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/npoforum/posts/2705598213092287/
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/nhabaocongdan/posts/1619605508429214
Supplementary Notes
As I observed, there are very few local groups discussing on their view of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet or Xinjiang issues. Although, it’s not difficult to find the story about those sovereigns on Internet in Vietnam. However, when it come to “promotion of Peaceful Reunification”, there are only some small groups who care about human right, minority ethnic or culture and territorial disputes show interesting about it.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
1. Strengthening the relationship between the Vietnam Trade Union and All-China Federation of Trade Unions: See first article. 2. Emulation and Commendation Committee visit All-China Federation of Trade Unions: See second article. 3. Vietnam Labor Confederation attended an online international conference hosted by ACFTU: See third article.
- https://laodong.vn/cong-doan/cung-co-moi-quan-he-giua-cong-doan-viet-nam-va-tong-cong-hoi-trung-quoc-763314.ldo
- http://thiduakhenthuongvn.org.vn/dien-dan/trao-doi-kinh-nghiem-khen-thuong-tai-trung-quoc
- https://laodong.vn/cong-doan/tong-ldldvn-du-hoi-nghi-quoc-te-ve-phong-trao-lao-dong-trung-quoc-923399.ldo
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are a few entities provide service to watch PRC TV channels
- https://tiengtrunghsk.vn/xem-tv-trung-quoc-tai-viet-nam-tai-sao-khong/
- https://laptruyenhinhhd.com/lap-dat-truyen-hinh-trung-quoc-35/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Public evidence is unavailable. High-ranking and middle-ranking Vietnamese officials have received scholarships from PRC entities for their children to study in PRC universities. My information is private.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below links.
- https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Trach-nhiem-hinh-su/Hiep-dinh-tuong-tro-tu-phap-van-de-dan-su-va-hinh-su-giua-Viet-Nam-Trung-Hoa-153617.aspx
- https://www.voatiengviet.com/a/hiep-uoc-dan-do-viet-trung-dan-lo-ngai-viet-nam-se-la-thien-duong-cho-toi-pham-trung-quoc/5087361.html
- http://songoaivu.tiengiang.gov.vn/hop-tac-quoc-te/-/asset_publisher/QSpp7P8RukDa/content/hiep-uoc-dan-o-giua-viet-nam-va-trung-quoc-uoc-trung-quoc-phe-chuan
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam joined PRC police force in “joint” patrols in the joint fishing area in the Tonkin Gulf, established in the Maritime Border Treaty of 2000, and in some areas along the land border, but the patrols are coordinated rather than joint in the sense we commonly think of it in the US. So, this answer could be considered "no" depending on the interpretation of "joint patrols"
- https://vietnamnews.vn/politics-laws/835899/vietnamese-chinese-coast-guards-conduct-joint-patrol-in-tonkin-gulf.html
- https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/china-vietnam-joint-patrols-in-the-spotlight/
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Supplementary Notes
There is no specific case in the last 18 months
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes in general although no specific case in the period from Jan 2020. For example, Vietnam did deport Uyghurs to PRC in the past and attracted criticisms from some Western observers.
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/vietnam-04212014191111.html
- https://www.refworld.org/docid/5971a86013.html
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam does not use Huawei, ZTE, or other PRC enterprises for 5G. Vietnam uses Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung equipment for its 5G networks, and deliberately but de facto excludes Huawei from its 5G. See below link. However, it does use a PRC enterprise for 4G. See second link. Viettel Moves Away from Huawei’s 5G Technology,” Hanoi Times, August 26, 2019 Link
- http://hanoitimes.vn/viettel-moves-away-from-huaweis-5g-technology-42438.html
- https://vietnamnet.vn/vn/cong-nghe/vien-thong/nha-mang-viettel-phu-nhan-cao-buoc-su-dung-thiet-bi-mang-4g-trung-quoc-521599.html
Supplementary Notes
Expert is 100% confident Vietnam does not use 5G. Confidence indicator is for 4G and the question overall.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
This has not occurred in the last 18 months
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No municipal authorities have signed contracts directly with PRC companies, but some large private companies have used Chinese technology to build their “smart city” systems.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC-connected venture capital investment directly: see first four links Indirectly: Tencent owns 20% stake in SEA Group, which owns Shopee, the largest e-commerce platform in Vietnam; Alibaba is a major investor in Lazada, the second largest e-commerce platform in Vietnam. See last three links.
- https://vietnamfinance.vn/duong-vao-vng-cua-tencent-trung-quoc-20170628172259165.htm
- https://chanhtuoi.com/zalo-la-cua-nuoc-nao-zalo-co-phai-cua-trung-quoc-p2719.html
- https://www.brandsvietnam.com/14666-Nguoi-khong-lo-bi-an-dung-sau-cac-thuong-vu-dau-tu-vao-thuong-mai-dien-tu-Viet-Nam
- https://vneconomy.vn/vng-cong-bo-danh-tinh-8-co-dong-ngoai.htm
- https://vir.com.vn/shopee-pulling-ahead-in-e-commerce-blitz-84027.html
- https://en.pingwest.com/a/4088
- https://techwireasia.com/2021/02/alibaba-and-shopee-heading-for-e-commerce-faceoff-in-vietnam/
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below links.
- https://vietnamfinance.vn/duong-vao-vng-cua-tencent-trung-quoc-20170628172259165.htm
- https://chanhtuoi.com/zalo-la-cua-nuoc-nao-zalo-co-phai-cua-trung-quoc-p2719.html
- https://www.brandsvietnam.com/14666-Nguoi-khong-lo-bi-an-dung-sau-cac-thuong-vu-dau-tu-vao-thuong-mai-dien-tu-Viet-Nam
- https://vneconomy.vn/vng-cong-bo-danh-tinh-8-co-dong-ngoai.htm
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
I work focus on energy sector and I follow carefully the Chinese oversea investment to coal fired projects in Vietnam. China is one of 3 big countries invest in coal project in Vietnam beside Korea and Japan. While Korea and Japan announced to stop funding for coal power oversea due to pressure of government commit on net zero emission. China is expected to be the biggest investors on coal project in Vietnam. Therefore, there are some MoU on finance mobilization between investors and Chinese partners have been made. The Article above show that Cong Thanh Group was sign MoU with Central South Electricity Design Institute of PRC on capital arrangement for Cong Thanh coal-fired power project with the participation of local provincial leaders. Cong Thanh Group is not state own company but they got support from local authorities of Thanh Hoa province to sign this MoU, where the project located.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Ho Chi Minh city is the biggest cities in Vietnam and has collaborative relationship with Shanghai and Shenyang. Da Nang city – famous tourist city in Vietnam, this city has sister-city ties with Kunming and Macau city, Shandong province
- http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/hoptac_qt/nr041014110554/
- https://www.danang.gov.vn/gioi-thieu/danh-muc?id=43&page=1
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Vietnam and China have a complicated relationship. Although, in fact that, there are some trouble related to territorial disputes, security concerns, and geopolitical competition. Vietnam still need to balance and keep goodwill diplomatic with China. In general, Vietnam and China have close relationship and have a deeply rooted diplomatic history. In January 1950, the PRC became the first country to formally recognize the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The two sides formalized neighborly relations under the principles of “friendly Sino-Vietnam relations for peace, stability and prosperity.” For many years until now, China has been Vietnam's largest trading partner. There are a lot of trips taking by politicians from both countries: 1. On the morning of July 8, Chairwoman of the National Assembly Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan led a high-ranking delegation for an official visit to the PRC from July 8 to 12 at the invitation. by the Chief Commissioner of the National People's Congress (Ren Dai) of China Li Zhanshu. This trip may be funded by PRC because it stated that a high-rank politicant of PRC invited Vietnamese Chairwoman of National Assembly to take a visit to PRCSee the first link. 2. The link below showed the list of trips that the former Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung take to China: see the second link. 3. The most recently new is that Minister of National Defense of PRC took a trip to visit government/politicians in Vietnam: see the third link.
- http://baochinhphu.vn/Tin-noi-bat/Chu-tich-Quoc-hoi-tham-chinh-thuc-Trung-Quoc/370156.vgp
- http://nguyentandung.chinhphu.vn/Home/chuyen-tham-trung-quoc-chinh-thuc.vgp
- https://nld.com.vn/thoi-su/bo-truong-phan-van-giang-don-bo-quoc-phong-trung-quoc-tham-viet-nam-20210425174557345.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Representative of the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences attended the 11th China and ASEAN Think Tank Strategic Dialogue Forum and worked with the Guangxi Institute of Social Sciences, China. See the first link. Representative of Vietnam Institute for Economic and Policy Research participate China – ASEAN Think Tank Forum (Hainan). See the second link.
- https://gass.edu.vn/SitePages/News_Detail.aspx?categoryId=68&itemId=44635
- http://vepr.org.vn/dai-dien-vepr-tham-du-dien-dan-mang-luoi-think-tank-trung-quoc-hai-nam-asean-lan-thu-ba-tai-trung-quoc.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The term of “campaign” in Vietnam is considered as “sensitive” actions and will not have positive view in general.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
I don’t have enough evidence to answer this question
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Nhóm Nghị sỹ hữu nghị Việt-Trung Reports in the Internet about this group are not available in the period after Jan 2020, although the group still exists.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China signed an agreement in 2017 at the visit of Vietnam’s leader Nguyen Phu Trong to China, according to which China would train government officials for Vietnam.
- https://hcma4.hcma.vn/tintuc/Pages/tin-tuc-su-kien.aspx?CateID=342&ItemID=10420
- https://vtv.vn/trong-nuoc/tang-cuong-hop-tac-dao-tao-can-bo-viet-nam-trung-quoc-20170919183926371.htm
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No report available in the Internet for the period from Jan 2020. But pressure by Chinese diplomats is a “normal” in Sino-Vietnamese relations, and PRC diplomats have done so in informal ways in the past. Most Vietnamese politicians have internalized this norm, and applied self-censorship when it comes to sensitive issues related to PRC.
- https://thediplomat.com/2016/01/is-china-interfering-in-vietnams-politics-with-its-south-china-sea-moves/
- https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1355/9789814762878-027/html
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
No specific report available for the period from Jan 2020, but Vietnam’s leaders often refrain from addressing sensitive issues like this one. The norm is, however, Vietnam’s representative must stick to their One China Policy, which entails blocking Taiwan’s participation in international organization when China demands so. Link Link
- https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/vietnam-believes-in-one-china-policy-envoy/article29881834.ece
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1074915.shtml
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
No specific report available in the Internet, but this is consistent with Vietnam’s China policy. Except for matters related to the territorial and maritime disputes in the South China Sea, Vietnam will publicly support the PRC when there is little international opposition to it. When there is substantial international opposition, Vietnam tends to stay silent.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although Vietnam supports China’s sovereignty over Tibet as consistent with its “One China” policy, Vietnam remains silent about PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population. Hanoi considers this a domestic affairs of the PRC, which it does not want to interfere with. If pressed, however, Vietnam would support PRC stance.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
See below link.
Answered by Alexander Vuving, and has been reviewed by PSA Team