Uzbekistan
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Uzbekistan had a GDP per capita of US$1,983.10 and a total population of 34.91 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 61,900, or 0,17% of the total
Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Uzbekistan was ranked 133rd in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 11/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media9.1% / 30.1%
- Academia40.6% / 34%
- Economy45.5% / 33.6%
- Society27.3% / 23.6%
- Military45.5% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement56.8% / 30.2%
- Technology55.0% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics38.6% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy38.6% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found regarding the issue.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
“This text offers a brief evaluation of how dynamism of China-Uzbekistan bilateral relationship may be transformed to synergy necessary for the success of the BRI initiative. This will be done in three parts. First part briefly underlines the overlap between New Strategy of Development of Uzbekistan and the BRI of China. The Belt and Road Initiative and Uzbekistan’s New Strategy of Development: Sustainability of mutual relevance and positive dynamics, available at: Link's_New_Strategy_of_Development_Sustainability_of_mutual_relevance_and_positive_dynamics “The Uzbek regime has been very actively engaged in Internet censorship, closing down and threatening local websites and blocking certain external sites. Though their ability to block outside websites doesn’t seem to be nearly as comprehensive as China’s, it would be beneficial for groups that have taken an interest in providing advice on avoiding the censors in China to add Uzbekistan as a focus country.” Link
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324560481_The_Belt_and_Road_Initiative_and_Uzbekistan
- https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/central-asia/uzbekistan/media-development-challenging-environments-uzbekistan-after-andijan
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A delegation of high-level media representatives from Uzbekistan visited China- Link
Supplementary Notes
According to expert's knowledge, such kind of accidents have taken place, but the evidence is not publicly available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No public evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supporting evidence can not be found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tashkent, Uzbekistan (UzDaily.com) -- The Xinhua news agency published an article on the participation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing on 4-5 February. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese President Xi Jinping published a signed article on leading Uzbek newspaper Narodnoye Slove under the title of "A Glorious New Chapter in China-Uzbekistan Friendship" on June 21, ahead of his state visit to the Central Asian country- Link "Podrobno.uz" - News of Uzbekistan: Politics, economics, society, incidents, technologies, tourism, culture, sports ( has published the article- Uzbekistan and China: keys to the future)-Link KUN.UZ is one of the most active online publications in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan has resumed gas exports to China, which were suspended at the beginning of the year to meet domestic demand- Link
- http://www.scio.gov.cn/32618/Document/1481211/1481211.htm
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/
- https://kun.uz/ru/news/2022/05/24/smi-uzbekistan-vozobnovil-eksport-gaza-v-kitay
Supplementary Notes
The official Xinhua News Agency, the English-language newspaper China Daily and the English website of China Global Television Network (CGTN) are placing multiple spots daily on Facebook and Twitter to share Beijing's take on the news. CGTN runs a special Facebook account for its European audience plus another for the Americas.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
The regime's approach to the internet is no different from its approach toward TV, radio and newspapers. It is deeply paranoid about free media, and its efforts to strangle free speech online are extensive, using both threats and coercive action against journalists and activists who try to work within the country, and blocking many websites hosted abroad. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“In 2019, Huawei signed a memorandum of understanding with the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan, which indicates cooperation and mutual interest in implementing cooperation in the training of ICT journalists.” Link “Huawei, together with the Tashkent University of Information Technology, announces the launch of a new scientific and educational project HAINA (Huawei Authorized Information and Network Academy), which will play the role of the Huawei Information and Network Technology Academy. In this regard, the company and TUIT decided to sign a memorandum of understanding for the further implementation of this project.” Link 2017 – “ZTE has created Smart Classroom at Tashkent University of Information Technologies.” Link 2017 - ZTE Corporation, a major international provider of telecommunications solutions, corporate and consumer technology solutions for mobile Internet, held a presentation on the internship at the representative office of ZTE Uzbekistan for students of the Tashkent University of Information Technology (TUIT). Link
- https://www.uzjoku.uz/ru/news/huawei-jurnalistika-va-ommaviy-kommunikatsiyalar-universiteti-bilan-birgalikda-ozbekistonning-akt-sharhlovchisi-tanlovini-otkazadi
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/post/28649
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/ru/post/31991
- https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2017/11/22/zte/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“INFORMATION ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE UZBEK-CHINESE CONFUCIUS INSTITUTE UNDER THE TASHKENT STATE UNIVERSITY OF ORIENTAL STUDIES” Link “It is the Uzbek-Chinese Confucius Institute at the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies that is considered the first Confucius Institute in the world… Confucius Institutes at the Tashkent State Institute of Oriental Studies (TashGIV) and the Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages have become key points for the study of Chinese culture and language. The first was opened back in 2005, and the second - at the end of 2014.” Link
- https://tsuos.uz/ru/konfutsiy-nomidagi-ozbek-xitoy-instituti/
- https://www.podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/radi-obshcheniya-mezhdu-lyudmi-kak-instituty-konfutsiya-v-uzbekistane-stali-vazhneyshim-mestom-dlya-/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found to state that.
Supplementary Notes
Navruz was celebrated in the Tashkent kindergarten with in-depth study of the Chinese language. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute and Samarkand state university are members of the University Alliance of the Silk Road- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the expert's knowledge some of the think tanks have recieved financial support from PRC, but the direct evidence is not available.
Supplementary Notes
Scientists in China and Uzbekistan have achieved considerable success in cooperation in the study and conservation of biodiversity- Link In Tashkent, experts and scientists discussed the state and prospects of the school of Sinology- Link Ulugbek Azizov, rector of the Uzbekistan State University of World Languages, made the remarks as the five Central Asian countries, including Uzbekistan, are celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations with China this year, which is a "landmark event and has a key importance in the history of the countries in this region." Speaking specifically on Uzbekistan-China relations, Azizov said that thanks to joint efforts, the two countries have managed to lay a solid foundation for practical cooperation and have upgraded ties to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Along with a significant contribution to the socio-economic development of Uzbekistan, he said China has also provided crucial assistance in developing science, education and personnel training, including for Chinese language studies.- Link
- http://russian.news.cn/2021-10/08/c_1310231772.htm
- https://cabar.asia/ru/v-tashkente-eksperty-i-uchenye-obsudili-sostoyanie-i-perspektivy-shkoly-sinologii
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20220329/5c5cba904a234190bf48479647e5fb97/c.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
Skip
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
- https://www.huawei.com/uz/news/uz/press_release_seeds_for_the_future
- https://www.uzjoku.uz/ru/news/huawei-jurnalistika-va-ommaviy-kommunikatsiyalar-universiteti-bilan-birgalikda-ozbekistonning-akt-sharhlovchisi-tanlovini-otkazadi
Supplementary Notes
2019 - “Seeds for Future” project launched by HUAWEI. “Huawei, together with the Tashkent University of Information Technologies named after Muhammad al-Khwarizmi (TUIT), held an awards ceremony for participants in the annual Seeds for the Future project, under which students from Uzbekistan are sent for an internship in China. For five years, Huawei has been initiating this project in Uzbekistan, and every year TUIT students take part in trainings at Huawei headquarters.” Link “As part of the memorandum, Huawei and the University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan announce the launch of the national competition "ICT Observer of Uzbekistan", in which both established and novice journalists (students) who are interested in and profile on the topic of telecommunications and IT industries as well as IT professionals who love to write about digital technologies participate.” Link
- https://www.huawei.com/uz/news/uz/press_release_seeds_for_the_future
- https://www.uzjoku.uz/ru/news/huawei-jurnalistika-va-ommaviy-kommunikatsiyalar-universiteti-bilan-birgalikda-ozbekistonning-akt-sharhlovchisi-tanlovini-otkazadi
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Scientists from China and Uzbekistan discussed forms of public self-government. Today (July 9) in Beijing at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, scientists and specialists of the two countries discussed the forms of social self-government. Representatives of Uzbekistan introduced the Chinese colleagues to the concept of mahalla. In the Islamic world, this is the name of a local community (quarter or microdistrict), whose inhabitants exercise local self-government.- Link (the meeting was held in Beijing)
Supplementary Notes
From the experts knowledge such trips take place quite ofthen, but the public data is not available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The direct evidence can to be provided.
Supplementary Notes
How the Tashkent school opens the world of China to young Uzbeks- In addition, the Ministry of Public Education, with a grant from the Chinese government, purchased ten computers, two projectors, an interactive whiteboard, a TV and a DVD player for the school, and the diplomatic mission of the Celestial Empire in Uzbekistan, together with Huawei, equipped the educational institution with a language, available at: Link Beijing really considers Uzbek youth as an important target audience. Some respondents quote billboards and television commercials, encouraging Uzbek youth to study in China. The number of Uzbek students in China increased from 74 in 2002 to over 4,000 in 2017 (external Chinese policy, 2002–2017). An increasing number Uzbek students also receive scholarships for Chinese governments to subsidize education.153 For example, only for the period from 2010 to 2018 the Chinese government has provided 1,000 scholarships for students from Uzbekistan (website Embassy of China in Uzbekistan). However, the participants surveys indicate that students can choose to study in China even without a scholarship, because for them it is an opportunity study in English at an affordable price and get internationally recognized diploma and work in Chinese companies.- Link
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/neznakomyy-alfavit-kak-tashkentskaya-shkola-otkryvaet-yunym-uzbekistantsam-mir-podnebesnoy/
- https://docs.aiddata.org/ad4/pdfs/Silk_Road_Diplomacy_Report_RUSSIAN.pdf
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
According to expert's knowledge such accidents have taken place, but there is not a public evidence indicating the avoidance of the discussions.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China remained a major importer and exporter of goods despite the pandemic and there was little disruption to ongoing and emerging projects. She noted that China ranked first in imports of Uzbek natural gas, followed by textile products, and its fifth largest import was agricultural products. Indeed, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, in 2019, China’s top three import categories from Uzbekistan were natural gas (47.9 percent of all exports from Uzbekistan to China), textile products (20.9 percent), and raw cotton (7.4 percent). Link China has consistently remained the country’s largest trading partner. In 2021, China’s share in Uzbekistan’s foreign trade turnover amounted to 17.7%. This is slightly more than the share of Russia. Link Currently, Uzbekistan and China are in the most-favored-nation treatment, which facilitates higher mutual trade. According to the Goskomstat of the Republic, the volume of Uzbekistan-China trade turnover in 2019 amounted to $ 7.6 billion, or 18.1% of Uzbekistan’s total foreign trade, and in the first quarter of 2020 reached 1 billion 364 million 300 thousand dollars, of which Uzbekistan’s exports to China amounted to 400.8 million dollars, while imports from China totaled 963.5 million dollars- Link 1994, March 27- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments ; 2011- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion and Protection of Investments Link “In recent years, China has been a leading trade and economic partner of Uzbekistan. Chinese companies are widely represented in various sectors of the Uzbek economy, such as telecommunications, agriculture, and the production of high-tech goods, the Agency emphasizes. Uzbekistan, together with Chinese partners, launched multimodal transportation along the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan route. The launch of a regular international freight train route between the two countries helped confirm the role of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a transport hub in the region, the Chinese news agency concludes.” Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2021/05/official-hints-at-challenges-for-chinese-businesses-in-uzbekistan/
- https://cabar.asia/en/china-and-uzbekistan-investments-projects-and-areas-of-cooperation
- https://cabar.asia/en/uzbekistan-china-relations-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
- https://invest.gov.uz/investor/russkij-dvustoronnie-dogovora/
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/71332
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan owns the debts from China but we can state that the number is not 50%.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The main areas of investment are processing and manufacturing (26%), real estate (10.4%), mineral extraction (10.2%), warehousing and logistics (7.2%), trade (3.8%), and education (2.8%). Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In November 2016 Link AIIB Approves $100-M Loan to Uzbekistan for Healthcare Emergency Response- Link
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
- https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2020/AIIB-Approves-100-M-Loan-to-Uzbekistan-for-Healthcare-Emergency-Response.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The participation of Uzbekistan companies is not listed on the following websites: Link Link Link
- https://srcic.org/silk-road-members/?page=1
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/
- https://www.beltandroadglobalforum.com/en/member/forumfull
Supplementary Notes
However, in recent years strategic partnership agreements within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)—in particular, the Joint Declaration on Further Developing and Deepening the Strategic Partnership of 2013 and the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership of 2016—have given fresh impetus to expanding bilateral relations. While historical linkages related to the old Silk Road are often presented as a bedrock for political and economic relations between the two countries, it is Uzbekistan’s energy and mineral resources, strategic location, and the market for Chinese goods that draws Chinese interest today. - Link Uzbekistan – China: Active Development of Bilateral Cooperation under the Framework of the Belt and Road - Link
- https://thepeoplesmap.net/country/uzbekistan/
- https://srcic.org/news/uzbekistan-china-bri-cooperation-development/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The public evidence is not available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2005, China and Uzbekistan signed the “China-Uzbek Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation”, a bilateral treaty containing several initiatives, including cooperation on the economy, trade, counterterrorism, and anti-drug trafficking, among other measures.- Link. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments-Link
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/#:~:text=China%2DUzbekistan%20relations,-China%20and%20Uzbekistan&text=In%202005%2C%20China%20and%20Uzbekistan,drug%20trafficking%2C%20among%20other%20measures.
- https://invest.gov.uz/investor/russkij-dvustoronnie-dogovora/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China-Uzbek relations began to pick up speed with the appointment of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2016. The significant market liberalization and economic reforms implemented by the new president have made the country one of the five fastest growing in the world, giving a boost to bilateral ties as China’s goals for regional development align with Uzbekistan’s economic ambitions. It has also made the country increasingly investor-friendly and more welcoming of Chinese investment than some of its neighbors- Link Creates a new special economic zone and expands the existing one On 13 September 2019, a Presidential Decree established the Chirokchi Special Economic Zone in the Kashkadarya region for 30 years with the aim to promoting modern production facilities for the production of high value-added products and increasing agricultural production and exports. Investors in the new zone will be subject to special tax, customs and currency regimes- Link
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/
- https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/investment-policy-monitor/measures/3451/uzbekistan-creates-a-new-special-economic-zone-and-expands-the-existing-one
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Uzbek trade unions have had contacts with 40 trade unions around the world and have regular exchanges with the unions of the CIS. The FTUU has not had relations with the World Federation of Trade Unions (the international trade union centre covering trade unions in former communist countries) for the last four years, and have withdrawn from membership of the GCTU. The FTUU is interested in contacts with Western countries because of the changes in its economic structures and investments by multinational companies. It maintains close links with the ACFTU in China and has contacts with the CGT, France, CGIL, Italy, Turk-Is and Hak-Is in Turkey and Histadrut in Israel.- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No public evidance is available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence can be found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the expert's knowledge, It's acommon practice that Uzbek tv persons visit China and then they record videos to promote Chinese culture. Usually they promote Chinese thinkers like - Confucius.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence can be indicated in that regard.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Xi Jinping Holds Talks with President Shavkat Mirziyoyev of Uzbekistan The Two Heads of State Agree to Carry Forward China-Uzbekistan Friendship from Generation to Generation and Promote China-Uzbekistan Relations to Inherit the Past and Usher in the Future-Link As in the Karimov era, “multivectorism” remains a mantra in Tashkent, but Mirziyoyev recognises China’s role in the future of Central Asia. It was the fourth country he visited during his rst year’s urry of international diplomacy, and in 2019, Uzbekistan’s Prime Minister referred to China as Uzbekistan’s “closest and most reliable partner”. According to the Uzbek Ministry of Finance’s “Budget for Citizens”, the state’s external debt to China amounted to $1.9 billion at the start of 2019, making Beijing Uzbekistan’s largest creditor – ahead of Japan, which owns $1.5 billion of Uzbekistan’s debt. The Ministry paper predicts a rise to $3 billion in 2020, but Uzbekistan, underleveraged and with growth potential, is not in too precarious a position- Link
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceus//eng/zgyw/t1464000.htm
- http://aei.pitt.edu/103197/1/ST-DA_Asia_Policy_Brief_Chinas_Footprint_in_Central_Asia.pdf
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan’s hardest-working students see China as a promising alternative to America and Europe. They often learn about opportunities on social media- Link Yet even in Uzbekistan the good vibes appear to be waning. Whereas 65 percent of Uzbeks said they “strongly support” Chinese energy and infrastructure development last year, now only 48 percent do. Those who count themselves “strongly opposed” grew from 2 percent to 10 percent. Indeed, for each question where two years of data were available, Uzbeks grew more skeptical toward China in 2020- Link
- https://eurasianet.org/for-coveted-spots-in-china-uzbek-students-study-like-crazy
- https://eurasianet.org/poll-shows-uzbeks-like-neighbors-growing-leery-of-chinese-investments
Supplementary Notes
It might be concluded that the majority of people positively portray PRC. However, it appears that people became a little more skeptical towards the Chinese investments. Whereas 65 percent of Uzbeks said they “strongly support” Chinese energy and infrastructure development last year, now only 48 percent do. Those who count themselves “strongly opposed” grew from 2 percent to 10 percent. One of the reasonings can be the experience of other countries' in the region and moreover, loans from Beijing only started to flood in after the death of isolationist President Islam Karimov in 2016. And unlike Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan does not share a border with the PRC. It ca be assumed that people are more warned and cautious about the Chinese Investments than before. Main Source: Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“China has reportedly provided both Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan with sophisticated air defense systems (HQ-9 air defense system), which would represent the largest Chinese military equipment deal thus far in Central Asia.” Link "In November 2019, Uzbekistan’s Air Defense Force successfully tested China’s FD-2000 medium-range air-defense system on a target drone… Uzbekistan (2014) has purchased a number of Wing Loongs from China." Link 2021. August 19. Interfax – “The State Committee for the Defense Industry of Uzbekistan intends to develop cooperation with China in the field of armaments, military equipment and technology, the press service of the department said on Thursday. According to her, a delegation of the Main Directorate for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment of the Central Military Council of China arrived in Tashkent. "During the visit, the officials of Uzbekistan and China will discuss existing and future cooperation projects in the field of armaments, military equipment and technologies, the timing of their implementation and the systematic development of cooperation," the report says. The Chinese delegation was introduced to military and dual-use products manufactured by enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Uzbekistan. Earlier, under the program of modernization and equipping of units of the Ministry of Defense of Uzbekistan, the troops received new specialized military equipment and weapons from China.” Link
- https://eurasianet.org/has-china-made-its-first-big-military-sale-in-central-asia
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=555468&lang=RU
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The State Committee for the Defense Industry of Uzbekistan intends to involve Chinese technologies in joint projects, the press service of the department said. A delegation of the Main Directorate for the Development of Arms and Military Equipment of the Central Military Council of the People's Republic of China is currently in Tashkent. During the visit, Uzbek and Chinese officials will discuss existing and future cooperation projects in the field of weapons, military equipment and technologies, the timing of their implementation and the systematic development of cooperation, the report said. The Chinese delegation has already been presented with military and dual-use products manufactured by enterprises of the military-industrial complex of Uzbekistan." Link Uzbekistan and China are planning joint projects in the production of industrial equipment- Link
- https://www.gazeta.uz/ru/2021/08/19/china/
- https://www.militarynews.ru/story.asp?rid=1&nid=555468&lang=RU
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
China, in the meantime, is increasingly focusing on its security equities in Central Asia. Stories of Chinese private security emerging in the region sit alongside more overt displays of strength through the building of bases, the conduct of joint training exercises and the provision of equipment for Tajik forces along the Chinese border with Afghanistan. Already this year, there have been reports of joint training exercises with Tajik, Kyrgyz, and Uzbek forces ( China, officially, has not espressed that intention)- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
2018 - "A delegation of the Armed Forces of Uzbekistan visited the National Defense University of China. Then the representatives of the countries decided to establish cooperation between the military universities of the two states." Link 2021 - "In the past decade, Chinese universities have been inviting mid- and senior-level military officers from Central Asia and other countries in Eurasia. Chinese military education programs are especially attractive to officers from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, which have limited access to Russian military training… As Beijing seeks to increase the enrollment of foreign students, universities have begun to actively recruit Central Asian military officers for Chinese programs. Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan now have senior military officials who have been educated in Chinese universities… The university builds direct relations with leading military academies in Central Asia as well. The PLA NDU and the Armed Forces Academy of Uzbekistan are cooperating on educational exchanges. Some governments have carefully balanced enrollment among these three directions (Russia, China, and Western countries) to avoid tilting toward any one in particular. Chinese universities offer dozens of slots for students from Uzbekistan, but Tashkent only takes one-third of them. Students and staff of the Military-Technical Institute of the National Guard of Uzbekistan take Chinese-language classes to build proficiency in case they have an opportunity to study in China. Link
- https://www.ponarseurasia.org/chinas-expanding-military-education-diplomacy-in-central-asia/
- https://uz.sputniknews.ru/20190515/Kitaytsy-perenimayut-opyt-obucheniya-uzbekskikh-voennykh-11507720.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) was proclaimed on June 15, 2001 in Shanghai (China) by the Republic of Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Currently, eight countries enjoy the status of the SCO full members: India, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan; The Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is the permanent body of the SCO RATS based in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. Available at: Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Public evidence is not available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"China has also begun expanding its military ties with the region, conducting bilateral military exercises with the Central Asian countries bordering Afghanistan and forming the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) in 2001, a Beijing-led security bloc that also includes Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, India , Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan." Link “All of the Chinese military's 17 teams with weapons and equipment have arrived at their venues in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan and Iran on Tuesday for the upcoming International Army Games 2021. More than 700 Chinese troops from the ground, naval and air forces as well as the strategic support force and the joint logistics support force will participate in 17 competitions in the four countries.” Link
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/tajikistan-china-war-on-terror-afghan/31512961.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/17/c_1310132883.htm
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Uzbekistan’s Academy of the Ministry of Interior Affairs (MIA) and the People’s Public Security University of China, run by China’s powerful Ministry of Public Security, have been official partners since May 2017.[38] Since then, China has hosted 213 Uzbek MIA employees over the course of 38 meetings for security briefings on counterterrorism and drug trafficking.” Link
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extradition_law_in_China http://www.gd.jcy.gov.cn/jcyw/sfxz/flfgytyxd/201812/t20181212_2440091.shtml
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“Uzbekistan’s Academy of the Ministry of Interior Affairs (MIA) and the People’s Public Security University of China, run by China’s powerful Ministry of Public Security, have been official partners since May 2017.[38] Since then, China has hosted 213 Uzbek MIA employees over the course of 38 meetings for security briefings on counterterrorism and drug trafficking.” Link "The Uzbekistan National Guard and the Chinese People’s Armed Police (PAP) held their largest bilateral exercise in the “Forish” training ground in Uzbekistan in mid-May. The two conducted counterterrorism exercises focused on a mission eliminating terrorists from a multi-story residential building and freeing hostages. The multi-day exercise involved other public order exercises as well... China’s earlier cooperation with the guard started with the Ministry of Interior of Uzbekistan in 2016, when it was still a part of the ministry. Beijing and Tashkent hosted several meetings with focus on counterterrorism and maintaining public order. Tashkent’s concerns regarding domestic terrorism were prominent when, in the summer of 2018, various Uzbek forces, including the National Guard, held massive joint counterterrorism exercises in the country’s large cities." Link The Executive Committee of the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is the permanent body of the SCO RATS based in Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. The Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure operates in accordance with the SCO Charter, the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, the Agreement among the SCO member states on the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure, as well as documents and decisions adopted in the SCO framework.- Link
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/uzbekistan-leans-on-china-for-public-security-cooperation/
- http://eng.sectsco.org/docs/about/faq.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence Found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Check Point Research (CPR) detects an ongoing cyber espionage operation targeting the Afghan government. Attributed to a Chinese-speaking hacker group, the threat actors impersonated the Office of the President of Afghanistan to infiltrate the Afghan National Security Council (NSC) and used Dropbox to mask their activities. CPR believes that this is the latest in a longer-running operation that dates as far back as 2014, where Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan are also victims- Link The governments of Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan have all been targeted by a Chinese-state-backed advanced persistent threat (APT) group, dubbed IndigoZebra, according to intelligence produced by Check Point Research (CPR)- Link
- https://blog.checkpoint.com/2021/07/01/cyber-espionage-on-afghanistan-kyrgyzstan-and-uzbekistan-by-chinese-speaking-hacker-group/
- https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252503401/Cyber-espionage-campaign-targeted-central-Asian-states
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"In 2009, the two countries signed a new agreement whereby Beijing provides $3.7 million to the Uzbek authorities to equip its border crossings with mobile scanning systems." Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2479
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
“One important trend in recent years has been the launch of “Cooperation 2019,” a series of drills allowing China to enhance the interoperability of local paramilitary units with its own People’s Armed Police (PAP). Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan all took part in 2019, marking the first time their national guard units had trained with China on counterterrorism.” Link "The Uzbekistan National Guard and the Chinese People’s Armed Police (PAP) held their largest bilateral exercise in the “Forish” training ground in Uzbekistan in mid-May. The two conducted counterterrorism exercises focused on a mission eliminating terrorists from a multi-story residential building and freeing hostages. The multi-day exercise involved other public order exercises as well. " Link
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/uzbekistan-leans-on-china-for-public-security-cooperation/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Human rights activists are urging Uzbekistan to deny a Chinese extradition request for an ethnic Kazakh citizen of China who is now stuck in the Central Asian nation’s main air terminal “Uzbekistan has a legal obligation under international law not to send a person to any country where he or she could face torture or the death penalty, even if that person is technically in a ‘transit zone’ of the airport,” Swerdlow said. Uzbekistan’s Foreign Ministry said it was unaware of Xiaheman’s case. China’s Foreign Ministry had no immediate comment. Link The Mysterious Case of the Missing Kazakh-Chinese Refugee; A Chinese-born Kazakh was fighting deportation in Uzbekistan. Now no one is sure where he is-Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-uzbekistan-china-businessman-idUSKCN1PX1H1
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/02/the-mysterious-case-of-the-missing-kazakh-refugee/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to a number of Chinese online news sites China Mobile is considering buying a stake in Uzbektelecom. Executives from the Chinese telco are reported to have visited Uzbekistan last month for meetings with the local regulator and government officials. Last year the Uzbekistan government revealed plans to sell between 49% and 64.2% of the national PTO to overseas investors; Russia’s Golden Telecom, Korea Telecom and the Israel’s Solan Communications have also expressed an interest, the latter having valued the stake at USD50 million. (officially, it has not been approved)-Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Central Asia, China’s investments into digital networks are overlooked, with the focus on large-scale infrastructure projects, such as roads, bridges, and pipelines. But China’s 5G investments in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Tajikistan are turning into a major infrastructure development component led by Beijing in the region. China’s largest telecommunications company, Huawei, is leading digital infrastructure engagement in the region. Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Huawei’s Innovation Center while in China for the Belt and Road Forum in April 2019. He supported the introduction of 5G into his country, and since then digital cooperation between the countries has accelerated. All three state-operated Uzbek cell phone companies deepened 5G cooperation with Huawei. Two of the companies, Uzmobile and Ucell tested the 5G networks in 2019 to roll out the service commercially in 2020. The third cell phone company, UMS, agreed with Huawei to invest in new technology. In 2019, Huawei announced that its technology enables the communication of more than half of the population of Uzbekistan and celebrated its 19th year in Uzbekistan’s market.- Link In Uzbekistan, ZTE has been operating since 2004 in the form of a representative office, and since 2008 in the form of a foreign limited liability company - FE LLC ZTE Investment. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) is one of the priority areas for Uzbekistan. As is known, the attention of foreign investors and companies in the field of ICT contributes to market liberalization and increased competition. As a result of attracting foreign investment, various joint ventures and projects are operating. One of such projects is the launch of a technological line for the production of DSLAM equipment and ADSL modems in the Navoi Free Industrial Economic Zone. The project was the result of cooperation between Uzbektelecom and ZTE- Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
- http://zte.ru/company/zte-in-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev visited Huawei’s Innovation Center while in China for the Belt and Road Forum in April 2019. He supported the introduction of 5G into his country, and since then digital cooperation between the countries has accelerated. All three state-operated Uzbek cell phone companies deepened 5G cooperation with Huawei. Two of the companies, Uzmobile and Ucell tested the 5G networks in 2019 to roll out the service commercially in 2020. The third cell phone company, UMS, agreed with Huawei to invest in new technology. In 2019, Huawei announced that its technology enables the communication of more than half of the population of Uzbekistan and celebrated its 19th year in Uzbekistan’s market- Link The state-owned telecommunications company, Uztelecom, has used loans from the Japanese government and the China Development Bank to improve mainline services. The completion of conversion to digital exchanges was in 2010. Mobile services are growing rapidly, with the subscriber base reaching 25 million in 2011-Link China Mobile will follow the capitalization of Uzbekistan Telecom, and will visit the country again later this year, the Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Chinese Embassy in Uzbekistan said. Last year(2004) Uzbekistan regulators announced plans to sell a 49 to 64.2 per cent stake of Uzbekistan Telecom to foreign investors-Link An investigation by EurasiaNet.org focusing on ZTE and Huawei’s penetration of the Central Asian telecoms sector shows that the companies, with Chinese government backing, have secured contracts in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan-Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/02/before-and-beyond-5g-central-asias-huawei-connections/
- http://www.china.org.cn/english/BAT/137912.htm
- https://eurasianet.org/central-asia-are-chinese-telecoms-acting-as-the-ears-for-central-asian-authoritarians
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-1761
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Public information is not available regarding the issue.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
The Fifth Meeting of the Sub-Committee on Science and Technology Cooperation of the China-Uzbekistan Intergovernmental Cooperation Committee Successfully Held; At the meeting, the two sides exchanged information on their domestic policies in the field of science, technology and innovation and latest science and technology development plans; reviewed the R&D cooperation and agreed to select a new round of jointly funded intergovernmental R&D projects; briefed each other on the progress of cooperation in combating COVID-19 as well as the building of cooperation platforms including joint laboratories and joint R&D centers; and agreed to further strengthen the coordination and cooperation within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TECHNOLOGIES OF “SMART CITY” IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN- Link On June 21, Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Development of Information Technologies and Communications and China’s CITIC Group and Henan Costar Group signed an agreement on the implementation of Uzbekistan’s “Safe City” project. The project will take Uzbekistan’s surveillance capabilities to a new level and have long-term implications. The announced investment is a part of a $1 billion agreement President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed during his trip to China in late April to participate in the second Belt and Road Forum. Tashkent entered into an agreement with Huawei and CITIC Guoan Information Technology to develop Uzbekistan’s digital infrastructure by way of the “Safe City” and “Smart City” projects. - Link
- https://ejmcm.com/article_3752_49278cf27a90b7d3bb3b6a89c01e9489.pdf
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/06/china-dominates-digital-infrastructure-in-uzbekistan/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
With the assistance of entrepreneurs of China in Uzbekistan, production of electrical products, mobile phones, construction equipment has been established. Huawei has implemented 20 projects for development of telecommunication networks in the city of Tashkent and regions of Uzbekistan. Modems, smartphones and other equipment produced jointly with ZTE Corporation are in high demand in the domestic and international markets. - Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
IT Park Uzbekistan and TUZ Ventures signed a partnership agreement to stimulate the development of technology sector startups. The focus to be set on FinTech, logistics, e-commerce and artificial intelligence. Within the scope of this agreement, the partners to develop an analytical report on the current state belonging to the startup market in the Republic of Uzbekistan. IT Park is a complex of facilities, buildings and structures designed to ensure the launch and rollout of promising start-up projects on the market, an extraterritorial free economic zone for IT companies, including those via integration with scientific and educational organizations. A place where active and gifted people in the IT sector will have a best chance to transform their ideas into real business projects through accounting, legal, marketing and educational support. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the website Link, TikTok is on the 4th place, in top five apps.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and Salome Svanidze
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
On the China-Central Asia Cooperation Forum held in Nanning, agreements had been reached between China and central Asian countries in boosting the research and application of the BeiDou system in areas such as transport, precision agriculture and disaster relief, CGTN reports. “We are actively promoting cooperation between Uzbekistan and China on the Global Navigation Satellite System. I think China’s BeiDou has good prospects in sectors such as transport, railway management, agriculture and digital communication,” said Sakhob Mamasadikov, Deputy Director of State Unitary Enterprise in Uzbekistan- Link China-Central Asia Beidou navigation forum opens in NW China,Representatives from China and Central Asian countries including Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan, as well as international organizations, attended the forum online or offline- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBLE TAXATION AND THE PREVENTION OF FISCAL EVASION WITH RESPECT TO TAXES ON lNCOME- Link President Xi Jinping and his Uzbek counterpart, Islam Karimov, signed agreements worth US$15 billion in key sectors, including the exploitation of oil, gas and uranium fields in the Central Asian state.- Link Currently, Uzbekistan and China are in the most-favored-nation treatment, which facilitates higher mutual trade. According to the Goskomstat of the Republic, the volume of Uzbekistan-China trade turnover in 2019 amounted to $ 7.6 billion, or 18.1% of Uzbekistan’s total foreign trade, and in the first quarter of 2020 reached 1 billion 364 million 300 thousand dollars, of which Uzbekistan’s exports to China amounted to 400.8 million dollars, while imports from China totaled 963.5 million dollars- Link 1994, March 27- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Encouragement and Reciprocal Protection of Investments ; 2011- Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the Promotion and Protection of Investments Link Following talks, the two heads of state jointly signed the Treaty between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Friendly Cooperative Partnership and attended the signing ceremony of over 10 documents including China-Uzbekistan Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement and China-Uzbekistan Mutual Help on Customs Agreement- Link
- http://www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810770/c1153533/5027037/files/c97a6134e42846119a8bcef885816ba9.pdf
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1307127/china-uzbekistan-sign-agreements-worth-us15-billion
- https://cabar.asia/en/uzbekistan-china-relations-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/ceee//eng/dtxw/t197953.htm
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Samarkand & Tashkent cities have ties with Xian & Shanghai - Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Xinhua news agency published an article on the participation of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing on 4-5 February. Thanks to the personal relationship between the leaders of the two countries, favorable conditions have been created for promoting multifaceted long-term cooperation between Uzbekistan and China, the material emphasizes. Link Chinese President Xi Jinping and his Uzbek counterpart Islam Karimov shake hands during a June 22 meeting. In his speech to the Uzbek parliament on the same day, Karimov said that he had heard the truth that extended a hand in difficult times, although he did not specify which meetings in Beijing would help each point. - Link Notice on Press Coverage for Prime Minister of The Republic of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov's Visit to China-Link
- https://www.uzdaily.uz/en/post/71332
- https://russian.eurasianet.org/node/63196
- http://ipc.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/gdxw/201908/t20190821_736994.htm
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Meiya Pico (廈門市美亞柏科信息股份有限公司) from Xiamen city provide training for the local police. Link Link Link
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2195
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2172
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-2171
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Public evidence is not available.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No public evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
At present, Uzbekistan-China relations have made great progress in the context of the pandemic, and bilateral trade and investment have grown rapidly, he said. The Uzbek president thanked China for providing timely support to Uzbekistan in fighting the pandemic. Mirziyoyev said his country is willing to take the opportunity of celebrating the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries to formulate a new five-year cooperation plan with China to inject new impetus into bilateral cooperation.- Link China-Uzbek relations began to pick up speed with the appointment of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev in 2016. The significant market liberalization and economic reforms implemented by the new president have made the country one of the five fastest growing in the world, giving a boost to bilateral ties as China’s goals for regional development align with Uzbekistan’s economic ambitions. It has also made the country increasingly investor-friendly and more welcoming of Chinese investment than some of its neighbors. In 2020, Uzbekistan upped the number of visa-free days Chinese citizens could enjoy in the country from five to seven to facilitate travel and tourism in the country. The two countries have also deepened cultural exchange. Uzbekistan was the first country in the world to open a Confucius Institute, a Chinese language and cultural institution, and centers for the study of Uzbek language and culture have been set up in Chinese universities.-Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-07/16/c_1310065247.htm
- https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-uzbekistan-bilateral-trade-and-future-outlook/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Smuggler from China through Kyrgyzstan was sent to Uzbekistan, to the Abu Sahiy market, through which almost all imports passed during the time of President Islam Karimov. The market under Karimov was owned by his son-in-law Timur Tillyaev. After the death of the first president, Tillyaev lost high patronage and sold the market in 2018, getting rid of one of the last major assets in Uzbekistan. Who really owns the market now is unknown. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
Link Uzbekistan and China signed a memorandum on inter-parliamentary cooperation
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Saturday met with Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, calling on both sides to seize opportunities to consolidate and strengthen bilateral comprehensive cooperation and bring more benefits to the two peoples. Link From 8 to 10 September, President Xi Jinping paid a state visit to Uzbekistan. He held talks with Uzbek President Islam Karimov and visited the historical and cultural city of Samarkand with President Karimov's company. The two presidents signed and issued the Joint Declaration Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan on Further Developing and Deepening the Strategic Partnership and signed the Treaty on Friendship and Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Link Li Keqiang Arrives in Tashkent to Attend the 18th Meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) Council of Heads of Government and Pay an Official Visit to Uzbekistan Link Shavkat Mirziyaev has arrived in China to pay his first official visit to that country as Uzbekistan's president. Link China welcomed the Uzbek president, Islam Karimov, to a summit meeting yesterday, saying the two countries stood united against terrorism. Link On May 12, the second China+Central Asia (C+C5) Foreign Ministers’ Meeting was held in Xi’an City, a capital of Shaanxi Province, located in northwest China. The discussion focused on the pandemic and related matters, economic cooperation as well as regional security with an emphasis on the case of Afghanistan. Link Meeting with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China- Link
- https://english.news.cn/20220205/9590f7fccc2c4ca6a6df29a935530cf2/c.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/dozys_664276/gjlb_664280/3255_664392/
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cebn//eng/zgxw/t1713366.htm
- https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-president-china-visit/28480763.html
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/may/26/china
- https://warsawinstitute.org/chinacentral-asia-cc5-meeting/
- https://sng.today/tashkent/17001-diplomaty-uzbekistana-i-kitaja-obsudili-perspektivy-razvitija-vsestoronnih-otnoshenij.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
2021- Diplomats of Uzbekistan and China discussed prospects for the development of comprehensive relations- Link Link
- https://sng.today/tashkent/17001-diplomaty-uzbekistana-i-kitaja-obsudili-perspektivy-razvitija-vsestoronnih-otnoshenij.html
- https://sng.today/tashkent/17001-diplomaty-uzbekistana-i-kitaja-obsudili-perspektivy-razvitija-vsestoronnih-otnoshenij.html
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found in that regard.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
An ethnic Uzbek who was detained in northwest China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR) in 2018 and whose case was the subject of a recent United Nations inquiry was sentenced to 15 years in prison last month, according to official sources. Aezimet Enver was detained in April 2018 after returning from Turkey the previous year, allegedly for having studied in the nation—one of several blacklisted by Chinese officials for Uyghurs to travel to, citing the threat of alleged religious extremism.- Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Supplementary Notes
2 November 2019, Tashkent, Uzbekistan - FAO and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation today agreed to boost joint efforts aimed at providing food security and sustainable development for present and future generations, in the context of the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals- Link Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Uzbekistan supports China's great cause of national reunification and its principles and stance on Taiwan, Tibet as well as other issues. Uzbekistan is willing to deepen cooperation with China in such fields as economy and trade, people's livelihood, people-to-people and cultural exchanges, security and infrastructure. Uzbekistan appreciates China's positive role in international affairs, and stands ready to strengthen communication and coordination in major international and regional issues and conduct close cooperation within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) with China.- Link
Supplementary Notes
Karimov rewarded China's loyalty to his government over the Andijon massacre by supporting China's territorial claims to Taiwan and strengthening counterterrorism cooperation with Beijing. Link
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
And it does not help that the Uzbek government has long showed signs of reluctance to even acknowledge its Uighur minority. Khodjayev tells a tale from the mid-1990s when the late President Islam Karimov met with then-Chinese Prime Minister Li Peng. Eurasianet has been unable to independently confirm that the incident occurred as told, although the persistence of the story speaks volumes about the anxiety Uzbek Uighurs have felt about the authorities. Link It should be borne in mind that Uzbeks are ethno-culturally the closest Uighurs among the Central Asian peoples. In fact, the modern Uzbek language originates in the Turkic language, which had strong elements borrowed from the Uighur language. Uzbeks and Uighurs are very similar in their way of life, culture and customs. Therefore, the fate of modern Uighurs should provoke a response from the Uzbeks, reflect on their moods and attitudes toward China. In practice, however, this does not happen. Paradoxically, the current oppression of Uighurs and Muslims in general in China is much more responsive and resonant in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan than in Uzbekistan. Apparently, cultural ties with Uighurs have not been felt in Uzbekistan for a long time- Link
- https://eurasianet.org/uzbekistans-invisible-uighurs
- https://cacds.org.ua/%d0%ba%d0%b8%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%b9%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%be-%d1%83%d0%b7%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%b5-%d0%be%d1%82%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%88%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-%d0%b2-%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0/
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The state media of Uzbekistan, publishes the articles highlighting the narratives such as: Over the past 70 years, the Chinese central government has invested a total of 1.6 trillion yuan (about $253 billion) in the development of Tibet. These massive investments have contributed to improving the quality of infrastructure construction and improving the living standards of the people in ( The article is published by- Uzbekistan, Tashkent - Academy of Sciences Podrobno.uz. - Link (The articles describe the Chinese contributions in Tibet region and nothing is mentioned regarding the violation of human rights) Uzbekistan supports China's great cause of national reunification and its principles and stance on Taiwan, Tibet as well as other issues. Uzbekistan is willing to deepen cooperation with China in such fields as economy and trade, people's livelihood, people-to-people and cultural exchanges, security and infrastructure. Uzbekistan appreciates China's positive role in international affairs, and stands ready to strengthen communication and coordination in major international and regional issues and conduct close cooperation within the framework of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) with China.- Link
- https://podrobno.uz/cat/uzbekistan-i-kitay-klyuchi-ot-budushchego/na-vershine-mira-kak-podnebesnaya-prevratila-tibet-v-protsvetayushchiy-region-/
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cezm//eng/zgxw/t1375048.htm
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The full list of countries supporting the Hong Kong national security law: China, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Belarus, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo-Brazzaville, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominica, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Laos, Lebanon, Lesotho, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, UAE, Venezuela, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. (Uzbekistan is not in the list,, thus, it has not officially supported the act) - Link The criticism towards the act has been expressed from western countries, but nothing has been expressed from the Uzbekistan side- Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/07/which-countries-support-the-new-hong-kong-national-security-law/
- https://www.swp-berlin.org/publications/products/comments/2020C56_HongKongNationalSecurityLaw.pdf
Answered by Farkhad Tolipov, and has been reviewed by Salome Svanidze