Thailand
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Thailand had a GDP per capita of US$7,233 and a total population of 69.9 million people.
Thailand established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1975. Thailand was ranked 115th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 29/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media54.5% / 30.1%
- Academia55.0% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society47.7% / 23.6%
- Military80.0% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement63.6% / 30.2%
- Technology61.4% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics57.5% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy56.8% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China, As Told by China: Beijing’s Influences Reach Thai Media and Beyond: …China has long maintained a presence in Thai media. Xinhua and China Radio International (now part of the supercluster China Media Group) both run Thai-language content accessible to Thai audience. The English-language Nation also regularly publishes China Daily content because they both belong to the same news sharing network…. Link Chinese Propaganda Finds a Thai Audience Link
- https://th.boell.org/en/2019/12/28/china-told-china-beijings-influences-reach-thai-media-and-beyond
- https://worldchinesemedia.com/2015/05/12/56/
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/28/chinese-propaganda-finds-a-thai-audience/
- https://www.thaienquirer.com/7301/thai-media-is-outsourcing-much-of-its-coronavirus-coverage-to-beijing-and-thats-just-the-start/
- https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2020/06/19/commentary/world-commentary/chinas-global-media-influence-grows-pushback/
Supplementary Notes
Unprecedented effort from Chinese state-owned news agencies is there to influence the contents of the Thai media. Some Thai newspapers are producing same news contents from the Xinhua.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
For members of Belt and Road Media Community (BRMC), local respondents can check the following link: Link For members of B&R TV Networks, local respondents can check the following link: Link For committee of Beld and Road New Network (BRNN), local respondents can check the following link: Link Thai PBS (Link) Thai CCTV (Link the website was not reachable at the time of visit) Link this channel is not active and its ownership info is unavailable. List of members of BRNA is available at Link
- https://www.thaipbsworld.com/
- http://www.tcctv.co.th/
- https://www.facebook.com/thaicctvthailand/
- https://brnalink.com/members.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://brmc.chnpec.com/en/member.shtml
- http://en.videochina.org.cn/2017/0417/4741.shtml
- http://cn.brnn.com/414904/414908/index.html
Supplementary Notes
List of members of BRNA is available at Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sakchai Pruedthipak, president of the Thai social media website www.salika.co, said the performances demonstrated the Chinese government's efforts in conserving ethnic tradition and cultures. (Link) (Link) CLOSER NEIGHBORS Thai new media delegation visits China Thai-Chinese Journalists Association reps has frequent visits and interactions with Chinese authorities. (Link, Link)
- https://www.khaosodenglish.com/author/teeranai/
- https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper/show?paperid=182708x0xa700ej0vb1f0rb0f2111868
- http://www.chinaembassy.or.th/eng/sgxw/t1545775.htm
- http://www.tcjapress.com/tcja-about-us/
Supplementary Notes
It is difficult to find the posts/news to get information on this. As there are formal registered organisations like TCJA are there, this type of visits are more likely. ASEAN-China Centre also aims to extend cooperation in media sector in addition to trade, tourism etc. which makes easier in providing trainings etc. to the selected
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China boosts soft power by training foreign journalists (Link) Training courses for journalists (Link) There are often cooperation training projects between Thai organizations and PRC-connected entities. For example, the training programme new understanding with China’ that managed by Thai journalist’s society and the embassy of PRC in Bangkok. Link
- https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/846975/
- https://mgronline.com/china/detail/9480000078477
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/17/content_27077588.htm
- https://www.businessinsider.com/china-taught-foreign-countries-journalists-how-to-restrict-speech-2018-11
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/13564
Supplementary Notes
The son of owner Manager Online, the Thai major media, graduated from BLCU and has a great connection with Chinese media and PRC officers both in Thailand and PRC. Link Given the interest of China in SEA, I find that it is intensely trying to influence the contents of the media in Thailand. Many of the newspapers have same contents as contents in the China . Link
- https://mgronline.com/china/detail/9480000078477
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/28/chinese-propaganda-finds-a-thai-audience/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sing Sian Yer Pao owned by by Nanfang Media Group of the People's Republic of China (please check if I am correct Link). Thai Central Chinese Television Group Co., Ltd. (Link) If this is correct, the response in question number 1 needs to be rechecked. …Khaosod and two other publications under Matichon Group announced a groundbreaking partnership with China’s Xinhua News Agency on Thursday. The cooperation grants Khaosod, Prachachat and Matichon unlimited access to the Thai edition of Xinhua’s news materials and rights to republish them…. Link Chinese Propaganda Finds a Thai Audience:…Khaosod English ran news wire copy from China’s propaganda flagship, Xinhua. Khaosod, meaning “fresh news,” is a staple of Thai current affairs with a moderate-to-liberal bent and an approximate daily circulation of 900,000 along with 13 million Facebook followers… Link In 2014, the Thai News Network entered an agreement with Xinhua to broadcast the latter’s China Report program in Thailand on a daily basis. (Link) Website of CRI in Thai language: Link Facebook of Chinese-Thai news : Link
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sing_Sian_Yer_Pao
- http://www.tcctv.co.th/
- https://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/2019/07/25/khaosod-signs-partnership-with-chinas-xinhua/
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/28/chinese-propaganda-finds-a-thai-audience/
- https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/beijings-global-megaphone#footnote35_w09z9tq
- http://thai.cri.cn/
- https://web.facebook.com/JeenThaiNews
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sing Sian Yer Pao United Daily News Group Link this link is important in understanding how extensively Chinese state-owned media have influenced local-national media houses in Thailand. The program appears to be successful. In an initiative taken in 2015, Xinhua signed an MOU with an obscure news site called OPT News. As of the latest information available in November, at least 12 media now have MOUs with Xinhua. ( Link ) Thai-Chinese Journalists Association (TCJA) website : Link (TCJA is supported by the China Media Group Group Asia Pacific, Xinhua News Agency Bangkok, China international broadcasting network, etc)
- https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%AF%E5%90%88%E5%A0%B1%E7%B3%BB
- https://www.cfr.org/blog/thailands-press-warms-chinese-state-media
- https://th.boell.org/en/2019/12/28/china-told-china-beijings-influences-reach-thai-media-and-beyond
- http://www.tcjapress.com/
Supplementary Notes
(a few but insignificant is the response but the Chinese state-owned media houses have MoU with the local media houses to copy/share/disseminate information which tries to dismantle the concept about China created by the Western media. They do not need to open the outlets as local media houses are supporting them.) ….The most common method is memorandums of understanding (MOUs) that allow Thai media to republish content, including multimedia like photos and videos, from the Chinese news sources for free. United Daily News Group is based in Taiwan—the inclusion of this news outlet suggests that China is influencing Thailand via a Taiwanese-based media.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Based on the sources shared in 4, 5 and 6 questions, this trend is widely found in Thailand. In an initiative taken in 2015, Xinhua signed an MOU with an obscure news site called OPT News. As of the latest information available in November, at least 12 media now have MOUs with Xinhua. (Link) … Yet this reputation for quality, independent journalism did not stop Khao Sod and Matichon Group from partnering with state media from a country with one of the most repressive media environments in the world. In 2019, as Foreign Policy has reported, Khao Sod and Matichon announced a partnership with Xinhua, and Khao Sod began running Xinhua articles. (Link) Khaosod, meaning “fresh news,” is a staple of Thai current affairs with a moderate-to-liberal bent and an approximate daily circulation of 900,000 along with 13 million Facebook followers… Link However, this indicator measures whether local media outlets broadcast news, video clips, or other contents provided by PRC state-fund media. The phenomenon can be observed via footages of content pieces. Therefore, press statement from PRC governmental agencies do not fall into the category of contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
- https://th.boell.org/en/2019/12/28/china-told-china-beijings-influences-reach-thai-media-and-beyond
- https://www.cfr.org/blog/thailands-press-warms-chinese-state-media
- https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/08/28/chinese-propaganda-finds-a-thai-audience/
Supplementary Notes
Chinese Propaganda Finds a Thai Audience:…Khaosod English ran news wire copy from China’s propaganda flagship, Xinhua.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
no evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sa-nguan Kumrungroj was banned from PRC after criticizing China in the Tian An Men tragedy.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China blocks Twitter and Facebook but its official media and diplomats use the platforms to spread Chinese views and combat critics. Link
Supplementary Notes
I am unable to access Asia Nikkei and South China Morning Post where some indicative information are found. More info may be available in the local media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
no evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei has collaborated with leading Thai universities such as Chulalongkorn University, Thammasat University, Kasetsart University, and KMITL University. (Link) Huawei Partners with Chiang Mai University to Develop the 5G Smart University (Link) • Link Huawei Technologies (Thailand) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on 5G smart hospital with the Faculty of Medicine of Siriraj Hospital under Thailand's Mahidol University… (Link) • Link The 5G testbed, which is located at Kasetsart University’s Sri Racha campus, has attracted global telecom giants such as Nokia and Ericsson and also many Thai telecom operators. (Link) Alibaba Group and the Government of Thailand Enter into Strategic Partnership in Support of Thailand 4.0 (Link) First time in Thailand, Mahidol University cooperates with Alibaba Cloud for information of digital technology on cloud computing exchange to support academic field and national economy (Link)
- https://www.huawei.com/en/sustainability/win-win-development/social-contribution/seeds-for-the-future/thailand
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2088903/huawei-partners-with-chiang-mai-university-to-develop-the-5g-smart-university
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/1963279/chulalongkorn-engineering-signs-mou-with-huawei
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/03/c_139560678.htm
- https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20190125061623487
- https://internationalfinance.com/huawei-picks-thailand-5g-ecosystem-development-se-asia/
- https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/alibaba-group-and-the-government-of-thailand-enter-into-strategic-partnership-in-support-of-thailand-4-0-208147.shtml
- https://mahidol.ac.th/2020/alibaba-cloud/
- https://workpointtoday.com/huawei-sign-mou-des/
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2159959/huawei-asean-academy-and-eec-host-online-workshop-for-digital-talent-collaboration-in-the-eec
- https://th.alibabanews.com/
- https://mahidol.ac.th/th/2020/alibaba-cloud/
- https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/tech/726836
Supplementary Notes
Huawei signed MOU with Thailand Ministry of Digital Economy and Society for developing Thai public servant’s digital skill. Link Huawei ASEAN Academy on 3 August 2021 hosted “Technology Seeker vs Competence Development Workshop” in cooperation with the Eastern Economic Corridor Office (EECO) and Burapha University Link Alibaba cooperates with Burapha University, Thai Department of Industry Promotion, and Thai Department of International Trade Promotion for establishing “Global E-commerce Talent”. Link Mahidol University cooperates with Alibaba group in exchange digital technology. Link University of the Thai Chamber of Commerce signed MOU with Alibaba group for being a Centre of E-commerce training. Link
- https://workpointtoday.com/huawei-sign-mou-des/
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2159959/huawei-asean-academy-and-eec-host-online-workshop-for-digital-talent-collaboration-in-the-eec
- https://th.alibabanews.com/
- https://mahidol.ac.th/th/2020/alibaba-cloud/
- https://www.bangkokbiznews.com/tech/726836
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thailand has 16 Confucius Institutes Link 2018: The Confucius Institutes have been established in Thailand for 12 years. Currently, the 16 Confucius Institutes throughout Thailand perform the main role as a bridge and platform for promoting collaboration, communication, and Chinese language and culture education among the local people.( Link) … The Thai and Chinese universities are jointly responsible for CI operations. The host universities in Thailand provide working space, including offices, libraries, classrooms, and meeting rooms. The hosts also provide the salaries of Thai staffs and provide Chinese volunteer teachers with direct financial inputs such as assistance with water and electricity bills, sanitation and security services, lodging and lunch fees. (Link) There are 23 Confucius Institutes and Confucius Classrooms in Thailand, scattering in leading universities. (Link)
- https://en.mfu.ac.th/en-news/en-news-detail/detail/News/1577.html
- http://www.vijaichina.com/sites/default/files/The%20Embrace%20of%20China%E2%80%99s%20Soft%20Power%20A%20Case%20study%20of%20Confucius%20Institute%2C%20Chiang%20Mai%20University%2C%20Thailand_Non%20Naprathansuk_19%20August%202016.pdf
- https://www.academia.edu/27918602/Confucius_Institutes_in_Thailand_Why_Thailand_Embraces_Chinas_Soft_Power_Initiatives
- https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/abc/article/download/165588/168460/
- https://www.dpu.ac.th/msrci/index.php
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Supplementary Notes
(in primary education we did not find it taught as a foreign language but in the higher level it is taught. Link). Not in primary level but most of high school have Chinese program for student to choose, not required.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
1. Chulalongkorn University, 2. Mahidol University, 3. Kasetsart University, 4. Mae Fah Luang University 5. Chiang Mai Rajabhat University (CMRU) are the member of University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. (Link) …The Mae Fah Luang University delegation led by Associate Professor Dr. Vanchai Sirichana, President of Mae Fah Luang University participated in the inaugural ceremony of the University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and University Presidents Forum at Xiamen University from 19-21 October 2018.( Link) AIT Inaugurates the Belt & Road Research Centre (Link)
- https://global.mfu.ac.th/index.php?id=5230&L=4&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3015&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=25&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=10&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2018&cHash=4e63aed3fc33d8a10c1ce61ed96a8b4e
- https://www.ait.ac.th/2019/11/ait-inaugurates-the-belt-road-research-centre/
- https://en.mfu.ac.th/en-news/en-news-detail/detail/News/5186.html
- http://www.esilks.org/about/members
- http://www.brsn.net/list/zhikujigou_en/index.html
- http://www.ucmsr.com/route
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Universities and Scientific Institutions in Thailand Actively Participate in Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (On 8 December 2020, Mr. Yang Xin, Chargé d’affaires of the Embassy of the People’s Republic of China in the Kingdom of Thailand, and Professor Sirirurg Songsivilai, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation of the Kingdom of Thailand, signed in Bangkok the Memorandum of Understanding on the Cooperation on Projects of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Special Fund 2020. In accordance with the agreement, China will support Thailand’s universities and scientific institutions in such projects as haze management, Mekong River ecological protection and cassava industry transformation and upgrading.) (Link)
Supplementary Notes
I went through some research centres of some universities to see if support from PRC is mentioned. Since most of the reputed universities in Thailand are members of the PRC projects, getting financial support is more likely so it seems significant to me. [2nd respondent]: Most Thai academic research centers receive research funds from Japan or USA. Most fund from China is limited only to language study. However, individuals can apply for the PRC fund if they are willing to. Thai academic institute also supports Thai researchers to reach for international financial support, including funds from PRC.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) has initiated research cooperation projects with PRC, such as the National Research Science Foundation of China (NSFC), Chinese Academic of Social Science (CASS), Huaqiao University (HQU). These programs are not PRC talent recruitment programs, however, they are recruiting Thai academic staff by Thai research council and sending them to PRC. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thai academics under the affiliation with cooperation with China often visit China for visiting programs. Rungsit University staff in Kunming Link Rajamangala Khungthep staff and students in Chongqing Link
- http://www.ed.ecnu.edu.cn/en/?p=387
- https://mahidol.ac.th/2018/mu-china/
- https://www2.rsu.ac.th/sarnrangsit-online-detail/RSU
- https://www.rmutk.ac.th/?p=1752
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Supplementary Notes
No supporting evidence are found on the English based search. The relation between Chinese Students and Scholars Association and Chinese Students Association Thailand is also not formally know. Therefore, response is zero 0 [2nd respondent] As far as I know, most scholars or staff who have responsibilities related to Chinese people do self-censor their own speech and expression. Thai staff want to avoid problems with the Chinese and don’t want to get involved in the Taiwan-PRC conflict.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Krirk University was taken over by a Chinese property business group. Link It’s said, lack of confirming evidence, the PRC Chinese business group are interesting in Thai university industry. Since more and more young Chinese try to escape PRC national examination, high school children and parents looking at Thailand as second place for continuing undergraduate studies level. Therefore, it is a good opportunity for Chinese businessmen in investing Thai universities.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
Skip
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
I can’t find the evidence on internet. However, based on my experience, Thai academics always avoid the political topic with staff from PRC. It was last year that one of our political science lecturers mentioned the Taiwan issue. The exchanged PRC staff expressed anger toward him and complained this issue to the head of institute.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Market 11.95% China followed by US 11.14% Exporter 20.05% China followed by Japan 14.15 Link
- https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/THA
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-04/22/c_139898157.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
(Most of Thailand’s gold is destined for Cambodia (38.7%), followed by Switzerland (34.3%, and Singapore (15.6%). Thailand’s refined petroleum is primarily destined for Singapore (28.5%), Cambodia (19.9%), Vietnam (13.6%), and Laos (11%). Link Link.
- https://commodity.com/data/thailand/
- https://opendevelopmentmekong.net/topics/extractive-industries/#:~:text=Extractive%20industries%20are%20generally%20divided,drilling%20platform%20near%20Phuket%2C%20Thailand.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
SF Holding company is the biggest shareholder of Kerry Express which is the major logistics company in Thailand. Link Thailand has 3 BRI infrastructure projects with a 0.37 million $ investment.
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2066163/sf-holding-to-buy-kln-stake
- https://www.boi.go.th/index.php?page=seaports
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Membership date: June 20, 2016 Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
International Chamber of Commerce Thailand (ICC Thailand) is a member of Silk Road Chamber of Commercial Alliance. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…The China-Thailand FTA was signed in June 2003 and came into effect four months later in October 2003. It is an "early harvest agreement" on farm trade alone, whereby both countries opened their agricultural markets before the broader China-ASEAN FTA comes into force in 2010…. Link., Link, • ASEAN-China FTA is also there)
- https://www.bilaterals.org/?-china-thailand-#:~:text=The%20China%2DThailand%20FTA%20was,comes%20into%20force%20in%202010
- https://aric.adb.org/fta/peoples-republic-of-china-thailand-free-trade-agreement
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
general policy Link [2nd respondent] The EEC persuades PRC investors to visit and collaborate with Thai industrial development projects. Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/1996243/thai-government-has-initiated-many-incentive-programs-to-attract-investment-in-sez
- https://eeco.or.th/en/news/eec-welcomes-chinese-business-group-visiting-thailand-and-collaborating-in-the-development-of-industry-4-0
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Asia Association for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification of China Council Convened in Thailand (Link) [Second respondent]: There has an organization named 泰国中国和平统一促进会. Link Amorn Apithanakoon, known in Chinese as Wang Zhimin, is a Thai-Chinese businessman and pro-Beijing political operative in Bangkok. The CEO of one of Thailand’s biggest entertainment companies, Wang is also an officer in several Thai-Chinese “community organizations” that serve as political front groups for the Chinese government in Thailand. He serves as a president of Thailand-China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification (Thailand-CCPPNR). Link Link
- http://www.cm-ecd.org/dynamic/view.aspx?id=1182&lan=en
- http://chiangmai.chineseconsulate.org/eng/news/t1833334.htm
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E4%BF%83%E8%BF%9B%E4%BC%9A/5366193
- https://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2016/04/20/beijings-man-bangkok-wang-zhimin-thai-chinese-soft-power-machine/
- https://www.matichon.co.th/prachachuen/interview/news_2296788
- http://www.zhongguotongcuhui.org.cn/hnwtchdt/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Info of this association is difficult to track. The information found on the baidu.com shows they have designated someone to look after the Thailand as assistant to the executive vice president of UWCA. Link. There is The united Chinese clans association of Thailand. I am sure about its connection with UWCA)
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A/4161963?fr=aladdin
- https://www.uwca-uob.net/leader
- http://www.uwca.net/member.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Supplementary Notes
Unable to find connections, exchanges among Labour Congress of Thailand (LCT), National Congress Private Industrial of Employees (NCPE), State Enterprises Workers' Relations Confederation (SERC), Thai Trade Union Congress (TTUC) with ACFTU
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since Dhanin Chearavanont (Thai-Chinese business tycoon) is a member of Shantou United Front, his appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities also can be considered as the representative of UFWD participants in Thai-Chinese diaspora community events.
- http://sttzb.shantou.gov.cn/sttzb/hwcr/201401/3e0bb1c6f3ce40bf8ea7ffbb821a9439.shtml
- https://mgronline.com/business/detail/9620000120306
- https://thestandard.co/thailand-richest-man-calls-peace/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thai-Chinese media relations exchange program, Mongkhon Bangprapha, Executive Vice President and Secretary-General of the Association Is the head of the delegation of 6 representatives from the Journalists Association of Thailand visiting the People's Republic of China (Link) The Deputy Prime Minister met the Chinese media committee to emphasize the EEC project linked to the BRI. (Link) Chinese journalists visit Thailand to connect two national media (Link) Training courses for journalists (Link) [Second respondent]: There has been a long relationship between Thai Journalist Association and All-China Journalists Association. Link China Artists Association frequently joins Thai-Chinese artist activities. Link Thai-Chinese Culture and Economic Association organized an award ceremony and presented awards for Chinese writers from China Writers Association. This indicated the good relationship between the two organizations. Link The Thai-Chinese Association (since 1988) continues its connector role between Thai and Chinese women associations. Link Link
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/14200
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/about-us/activities-report/14025
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/13904
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/13901
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/13564
- https://www.tja.or.th/view/activities/media-movements/13416
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/zgjx/2015-02/15/c_133997099.htm
- http://www.tycc.org/index.php?langtype=cn&pageid=cn_10&add=view&id=1370
- https://m.zimplifyit.com/n1/2019/0110/c404090-30514065.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/ceth/th/sgxw/t1642489.htm
- https://siamrath.co.th/n/66745
Supplementary Notes
Engagement of journalists is found extensive followed by artistic exchanges. Writers and women’s delegation, visits and exchanges are less than the media and art.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC Chinese always donate money and other subsidies for Thai in the time of natural disaster. Link Link Chinese Buddhism Religion Associations donate money to Thai Buddhist organizations. Link
- https://www.posttoday.com/politic/news/115932
- https://thaiembbeij.org/th/activity/
- https://thaiembbeij.org/th/activity/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4/
Supplementary Notes
(No supporting evidence found but it is likely that Buddhist temples get donations from multiple sources. Chequebook Buddhism: Threat to Buddhism in Thailand? (Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the agreement, WeTV Thailand, Tencent Video, and Mello, Channel 3’s own OTT platform, will be the only three platforms that are allowed to synchronously stream Channel 3 TV drama content this year. (Link) Tencent Thailand targets capturing 500,000 users this year (Link) The company’s biggest rival in China, Tencent Video is already moving in the same direction. Tencent gave a soft launch to a VoD service in Thailand in November last year. It formally launched its Thai service last month under the name WeTV, with a mix of Chinese, Thai, Korean and U.S. content. (Link) [Second respondent]: WeTv or 腾讯视频 is getting more popular among Thai young. Link iQIYI is another PRC media entertainment application that is becoming familiar among Thai. Link
- http://chinafilminsider.com/headlines-from-china-tencent-wetv-bec-thai-dramas/
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1695436/wetv-launches-into-ott-crowd
- https://www.thedrum.com/news/2020/07/14/why-china-s-entertainment-giants-are-turning-their-focus-south-east-asia
- https://variety.com/2019/digital/asia/china-ott-streaming-giants-south-east-asia-expansion-1203197624/
- https://brandinside.asia/key-success-of-wetv-thailand/
- https://www.ryt9.com/s/prg/3270873
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Young Chinese increasingly drawn to Thai pop culture and traditions Link Chinese Hit Comedy ‘Lost in Thailand’ Generating Mixed Returns for Thai Economy Link 9 Thai Dramas That Are Popular In China Link …Thailand and China have a long history of film and television exchanges and cooperation. China (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) film and television dramas entered Thailand on a large scale earlier and has maintained a high ratings.”Legend of the Sword and Fairy”,”Huang Feihong”,”Painted Skin”,”Returning Pearls”,”Meteor Garden”,”Shanghai Beach”,”Journey to the West”,”Bao Qingtian”,”Scary Step by Step”,”The Couple of Condor Heroes”, etc. Thailand’s hits, among which TV series such as”Returning Pearls and Gege” and”Three Lives III Ten Miles of Peach Blossoms” have also been remakes in Thailand. Generally speaking, Thailand is an important overseas market for Chinese TV dramas, and TV dramas of various themes are welcomed by Thai audiences…. Link
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1089128.shtml
- https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/chinese-hit-comedy-lost-thailand-420445/
- https://www.thaiupdate.info/9-thai-dramas-that-are-popular-in-china/
- https://www.yqqlm.com/2020/08/the-spread-of-chinese-tv-series-with-different-themes-in-thailand/
Supplementary Notes
These contents may not be evident to prove that positive image is portrayed in most of the TV shows but as they are famous and liked by most of the people, it can be the case.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: Actually, it depends on the political view of each person. Most Thai royalists favour PRC because of Princess Sirindhon’s supportive attitude toward PRC. Pro junta government people also stand with PRC since PRC is backing the Prayuth government. In contrast, the pro-democratic group often criticize PRC due to its authoritarian friendship with the Thai junta and PRC role in Mekong Basin crisis.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…US-Thai relations soured after Gen Prayut led a military coup in 2014, triggering American laws that restrict defence ties until democracy is restored. China quickly filled the void, stepping up military exercises and signing 10 major arms deals including Thailand’s largest defence purchase ever: $1.03 billion for three diesel-electric submarines and 48 battle tanks, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (Link, How China is replacing US as Thailand’s main defence partner and arms supplier Link Thailand plans joint arms factory with China Link ) …Since 2014, the Royal Thai Armed Forces has procured a range of other products from China, including 34 armored personnel carriers, armored command vehicles, artillery locating radar and surface-to-air missiles…. Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1807664/china-competes-with-us-for-weapons-sales-to-thailand
- https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3040311/how-china-replacing-us-thailands-main-defence-partner-and
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-defence-idUSKBN1DG0U4
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11-03/There-s-more-than-growing-military-ties-to-Sino-Thai-relations-LiMJV1MZ9K/index.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• (discussion on joint production facility between Thailand and PRC is there but no export evidence found.) Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Need to know the current state of agreement on joint production facility, establishing factory in northeastern province of Khon Kaen, and for the domestic consumption only. Link)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
DEFMIN DENIES CLAIM OF CHINA EYEING MILITARY BASE IN THAILAND Link What’s With the New China-Thailand Military Facility? Link China eyes military footing in Thailand, Myanmar and Pakistan: US Link
- https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/09/09/defmin-denies-claim-of-china-eyeing-military-base-in-thailand/
- https://thediplomat.com/2017/11/whats-with-the-new-china-thailand-military-facility/
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/China-eyes-military-footing-in-Thailand-Myanmar-and-Pakistan-US
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
HARD-X exercise has taken place in Thailand in which PRC, US, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and some CSOs participated. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As the US reduced its defence engagement activities with Thailand, the junta pro-actively approached China to deepen existing military cooperation. Sensing an opportunity to increase its influence in the Kingdom, and undermine the US-Thai alliance, China responded positively to the junta’s overtures. Link PLA trains military officers from around the world, boosting ties and understanding Link
- https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_43.pdf
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1135963.shtml
- https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/CASI/Books/CASI_Academic_Institutions_Encyclopedia_web_final.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since the coup, the number of RTARF officers enrolled in military courses in China increased to approximately 30 to 50 per year. … China has also offered the RTARF slots on its United Nations Staff Officers Course at its Peacekeeping Training Centre in Beijing. Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-09/18/c_139376725.htm
- https://www.iseas.edu.sg/images/pdf/ISEAS_Perspective_2019_43.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Skip
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Supporting evidence not found. But this may very well be happening in secrecy. • I can’t find the information on the internet. However, it is known that high-ranking retired military will have positions in leading energy or food conglomerates. In addition, the Thai energy and food industries benefit from PRC economy or CCP policy.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence
Supplementary Notes
Given the current inclination towards China and China’s interest in the SEA region as well as the evidences shared above, these must be the outcomes of the advocacy done by the people at the decision making.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… China and Thailand will hold joint exercises beginning this month, China’s Ministry of Defence said on Friday, in another sign of improving relations since the Thai military seized power in 2014… Link …In addition, top-level Thai officials have been visiting military educational institutions affiliated with the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China. Both sides have also conducted military drills together for both navy and air forces on an annual basis… Link What’s in China’s Military Exercise with Malaysia and Thailand? Link Joint Military Drills: China, Thailand and Malaysia to conduct military exercise Link China, Thailand Joint Air Force Exercise Highlights Warming Ties Link … In May 2019, China and Thailand held the amphibious landing section of the Blue Commando-2019 joint naval drills in the Honghai Bay… Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-thailand-idUSKCN0Y417U
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2019-11-03/There-s-more-than-growing-military-ties-to-Sino-Thai-relations-LiMJV1MZ9K/index.html
- https://thediplomat.com/2018/10/whats-in-chinas-military-exercise-with-malaysia-and-thailand/
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/356b444f78494464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/share_p.html
- https://jakartaglobe.id/news/china-thailand-joint-air-force-exercise-highlights-warming-ties/
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1206994.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… 19 May 2009 TREATY BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF THAILAND AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON EXTRADITION Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
(ASEAN is cooperating with China, Japan and the Republic of Korea under the ASEAN+3 process of East Asia cooperation to address the threats of terrorism and transnational crimes. The first ASEAN+3 Consultation was held in June 2003 in Ha Noi, Viet Nam, and will be followed by the AMMTC+3, in early January 2004, in pursuance to the decision of the 6th ASEAN+3 Summit held in Phnom Penh in November 2002. The Consultation agreed that the ASEAN Secretariat would draft a concept paper on SOMTC Plus Three cooperation to combat transnational crime identifying the convergence in interest of ASEAN and the Plus Three Countries and outlining the next steps required. Link [Second respondent]: China and some Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, have signed cooperation agreements and held joint anti-terrorism exercises. For example: Anti-terrorism cooperation between China and Southeast Asian countries under the APEC mechanism, Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA), The Mekong River Joint Patrol Agreement, etc. China and Thailand have also established good relations to counter terrorism. Both states have established joint mechanism for anti-terrorism cooperation. The best example of their cooperation is the joint anti-terrorism trainings of the People’s Liberation Army and the Royal Thai Amy (Special Forces). Link
- https://asean.org/?static_post=asean-efforts-to-combat-terrorism-by-spushpanathan
- https://mesbar.org/chinas-cooperation-with-southeast-asian-countries-in-the-fight-against-terrorism/#ftnt24
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
(…Bangkok was similarly the killing ground of choice for Macau's 14K triad. Last year it was locked in a bitter turf war with the Shui Fong mob over casinos in Macau and Cambodia. The conflict spilled over into Thailand when 14K gunmen executed three Shui Fong members gangland-style on Bangkok's airport expressway. Since the harsh 1950s suppression of Chinese secret societies in Bangkok's Chinatown by military strongman Phibun Songkram, the triads have never enjoyed a power base in Thailand Link) THE CHINESE TRIADS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA : FROM A « TOTAL SOCIAL PHENOMENON» TO A TRANS-NATIONAL CRIMINAL ORGANISATION? Link Transnational activities of Chinese crime organizations Link Muay Thai group leader and wife arrested for laundering HK$267 million Link [Second respondent]: Thai-Chinese 黑帮or 三合会 has a long history in Thailand. Recently, the phone scammers network in Thailand is organized by PRC nationals. They are operating in Cambodia. Link Link The Chinese hybrid scam cryptocurrency fraud in Chonburi. Link
- http://edition.cnn.com/ASIANOW/asiaweek/magazine/2000/1013/nat.thailand.html
- http://www.gis-reseau-asie.org/en/chinese-triads-southeast-asia-total-social-phenomenon-trans-national-criminal-organisation
- https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-002-1011-4
- https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/long-reads/article/3119713/fast-not-furious-hong-kongs-toyota-ae86-owners
- https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/law-crime/article/2059165/muay-thai-group-leader-and-wife-arrested-laundering-hk267
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2236687/39-thais-held-in-cambodia-call-scam-raids
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2284622/phone-scammers-raided-in-cambodia-thais-arrested
- https://mgronline.com/crime/detail/9640000072198
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to CNBC, cyber hacker group Naikon is targeting countries including Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Brunei. Link ... Spotted by Isreali cybersecurity firm Check Point, the hacker group known as "Naikon" is attacking governments in Australia, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar and Brunei -- targeting foreign affairs, science and technology ministries with an aim to gather "geo-political intelligence,"… Content from the Kaspersky also supports this group. Link Presence of Chinese hackers in Thailand and some of their illegal activities are found on the net. But cyber-attack targeting govt etc. is not found. As part of the campaign, different groups of Chinese hackers have compromised telecoms operators in countries including Turkey, Kazakhstan, India, Thailand and Malaysia, the four sources said. Those countries are frequently used as transit routes by Uighurs to travel between Xinjiang and Turkey in what human rights activists say is an attempt to escape state persecution. Link Chinese hackers using Thailand as a base nabbed Link
- https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/07/chinese-hacking-group-naikon-reportedly-spying-on-asia-governments.html
- https://www.kaspersky.com/resource-center/threats/naikon-targeted-attacks
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-cyber-uighurs-idUSKCN1VQ1A5
- https://www.nationthailand.com/in-focus/30379819
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Since the beginning of the 1980s, the Triads are back. Freshly re-imported from China and from Taiwan, they appear henceforth as nothing more than petty criminal groups, sometimes extremely violent. Far from helping the Chinese immigrants, who are disembarking once again in relatively large numbers in Bangkok and in the northern provinces, they doubly exploit them, first by asking for exorbitant sums of money to help them enter the country clandestinely and then by taking advantage of their questionable status… Link [Second respondent]: However, it’s happen in world war time. Nowadays this kind of crime not exist anymore.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1801074/watch-this-china-surveillance-tech-seeks-to-go-global
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/2103251/china-starts-large-scale-testing-of-its-internet-of-the-future
Supplementary Notes
China surveillance tech seeks to go global …With 89 out of 1,100 companies demonstrating their wares at the Milipol security trade fair, China is the best represented of the 53 nations present save for host nation France…. …The firm has already sold a model to Thailand for use in monitoring forest fires, but the GDU says the drones are capable of tracking up to 30 targets while the cameras can feed systems that identify licence plates or faces… Link .. The outreach aims to expand the influence of China's most advanced information infrastructure to neighbouring countries including Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Thailand, the researcher said. Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1801074/watch-this-china-surveillance-tech-seeks-to-go-global
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/2103251/china-starts-large-scale-testing-of-its-internet-of-the-future
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Only border patrol along Mekong river countries found. China starts joint patrols along Mekong River with Laos, Myanmar and Thailand Link, A joint drill is conducted by border police forces from China, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar on the Mekong River Link, Seven years on, joint patrols on Mekong stabilize region Link) [Second respondent]: Not occur normally, in 2011, the PRC send representatives of police force to investigate Mekong River Massacre in Thailand and Lao. Link However, I believe that there have more crime that PRC police force has investigates in Thai territory.
- http://en.people.cn/102774/7672263.html,
- https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/122507
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-11/21/c_137620350_2.htm
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-19671446
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong detained in Thailand 'at China's request' – reports Link Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong barred from entering Thailand Link
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/05/hong-kong-activist-joshua-wong-detained-thailand-china-deportation
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-37558908
- https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/10/thailand-defends-uighur-deportation-to-china-we-didnt-send-them-all-back
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Dong Guangping and Jiang Yefei fled with their families to Thailand in 2015 and were granted refugee status by the UNHCR office in Bangkok. They were handed over to China by the Thai police, in a move that drew strong criticism from the U.N. Link
Supplementary Notes
There has been rumors within military personnel of sending some Uyghur individuals and Taiwanese individuals back to PRC, but no official evidence can be presented
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TrueMove H, Link [2nd respondent] China Mobile is operating under the guideline of the Thailand Board of Investment and Telecom Public Company Limited in developing SD-WAN within bureaucratic organizations. Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-true-corporation-chinamobile-idUSKBN0EK0QA20140609
- https://mgronline.com/cyberbiz/detail/9630000124288
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Link (True, a fully licensed operator in Thailand, with a 30% market share in the mobile market of the country, will adopt ZTE's 5G RAN products and services to build a commercial 5G network in Thailand.) True selects China’s ZTE to build 5G network in Thailand (Link) Thailand launches Huawei 5G test bed (Link) [2nd respondent] Thai government signs MOU with Huawei for establishing Huawei ASEAN academy in EEC with the goal of boosting ICT industry’s development. This project also includes the increasing capacity of 5G network in Thailand. Link China's ZTE partners with AIS and Suranaree University of Technology to facilitate implementation of 5G technology in Thai factories. Link
- https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/zte-and-true-corporation-announce-collaboration-to-build-a-commercial-5g-network-in-thailand-301101872.html
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/351228.html
- https://www.telecomlead.com/5g/true-selects-chinas-zte-to-build-5g-network-in-thailand-96134
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1148629/zte-targets-50-revenue-boost-in-2017
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d674e3467544e32457a6333566d54/index.html
- https://www.eeco.or.th/th/news/327
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/pr/2123183/chinas-zte-partners-with-ais-and-suranaree-university-of-technology-to-facilitate-implementation-of-5g-technology-in-thai-factories-
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Adoption of compatible technical specification is obvious as most of the telecom hardware are from PRC connected entities. Therefore, few but significant is the influence measure. • Link … From the start, it was supposed to be a wholly China-owned project, like the numerous deals that Beijing had successfully completed in other countries. As the bilateral negotiations deepened, domestic opposition was getting stronger, targeting the lack of transparency and shared benefits, forcing Prayut Chan-o-cha's government to retreat. Forceful voices from some academic circles also argued that the country's bargaining power had been compromised due to the government's decision to pick China as the investor to transform Thailand into Asean's transportation hub. (Link) [2nd respondent] CAT, Thailand's national telecom operator, and Huawei announced that they will build Southeast Asia’s first OTN premium private line network.
- https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/closer-home-china-and-japan-are-helping-develop-thailand%E2%80%99s-rail-infrastructure
- http://www.vijaichina.com/sites/default/files/5.2_PPT_Ms.Chulaporn%2CPh.D._China%20Roles%20in%20Thailand.pdf
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1665560/engaging-with-china-on-infrastructure
- https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2020/2/cat-huawei-southeast-asia-international-otn-premium-private-line-network#:~:text=%5BLondon%2C%20UK%2C%20February%2021,government%20agencies%20and%20finance%20customers
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since 2018, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC), a Chinese government entity, agreed to jointly develop military equipment and technology with the Royal Thai Army. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Taking into account the timing of the blossoming relationship between China and Thailand and the Thai military’s recently developed systems for surveillance, it is possible that the Thai military may be receiving aid in the form of assistance from China concerning surveillance technology and spying techniques… Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…The Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) smart city initiative is likely to be the second development project involving collaboration with China and Japan, following the high-speed rail network linking the three main airports of Don Mueang, Suvarnabhumi and U-tapao. (Link) Current status needs to be checkedSmart cities and digital innovation with help from China …The agreement covers support for a range of innovations from digital parks, smart cities and the Internet of Things to local tech start-ups and national broadband infrastructure. Phuket, Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen have been identified as the first places to launch smart city initiatives while a digital park will be built in Sri Racha, in Chonburi province. (Link) [Second respondent] Shenzhen’s municipal government recently signed a memorandum of understanding with Thailand’s Digital Economy and Society Ministry to enhance Thailand’s digital economy. The agreement covers support for a range of innovations from digital parks, smart cities and the Internet of Things to local tech start-ups and national broadband infrastructure. Phuket, Chiang Mai and Khon Kaen have been identified as the first places to launch smart city initiatives while a digital park will be built in Sri Racha, in Chonburi province. Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1673272/china-japan-to-join-eec-smart-city-plan
- https://www.nationthailand.com/perspective/30319095
- https://www.nationthailand.com/perspective/30319095
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://tracxn.com/d/investor-lists/Venture-Capital-Funds-in-Thailand
- https://thediplomat.com/2021/01/the-global-reach-of-chinas-venture-capital/
- https://www.nationthailand.com/business/30369764
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei to open $22.6M datacenter in Thailand this year (Link) Huawei to boost digital transformation in Thailand with cloud, AI and IoT (Link) Link (HUAWEI CLOUD User Guide to Financial Services Regulations & Guidelines in Thailand) [Second respondent] The Ministry of Digital Economy and Society of Thailand (MDES) and Huawei Technologies (Thailand) Co., Ltd. today signed a MOU to continuously deepen the cooperation between MDES and Huawei in Government Cloud to improve the operation effectiveness of digital government. Link Alibaba Cloud plans to launch its first data centre in Thailand to capture surging demand for cloud usage in the country. Link Link
- https://w.media/huawei-to-open-datacenter-in-thailand-this-year/
- https://w.media/huawei-to-boost-digital-transformation-in-thailand-with-cloud-ai-and-iot/
- https://www.huaweicloud.com/content/dam/cloudbu-site/archive/hk/en-us/securecenter/security_doc/Thailand_BoT_and_OSEC_User_Guide_Intl_en.pdf
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/1999027/huawei-rolls-out-cloud-and-ai-to-support-adoption
- https://www.ryt9.com/en/prg/256484
- https://th.alibabacloud.com/campaign/thailand-services
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Back in January, app analytics platform Sensor Tower reported that TikTok was the most-downloaded non-game application worldwide, followed by WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram. Fast forward to April and TikTok had been downloaded more than 2 billion times. Meanwhile, between 2018 and 2019, Thailand ranked in the top three in terms of TikTok users in Southeast Asia… Link …Back in January, app analytics platform Sensor Tower reported that TikTok was the most-downloaded non-game application worldwide, followed by WhatsApp, Facebook and Instagram. Fast forward to April and TikTok had been downloaded more than 2 billion times. Meanwhile, between 2018 and 2019, Thailand ranked in the top three in terms of TikTok users in Southeast Asia… Link [Second respondent]: Top five messaging apps in Thailand are Line, Messenger, Messenger Lite, WhosCall, Discord Link Top five social media apps in Thailand are Facebook, Instagram, twitter, Facebook Lite, VK. Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1928660/how-tiktok-won-our-hearts?view_comment=1
- https://www.similarweb.com/apps/top/google/store-rank/th/communication/top-free/
- https://www.similarweb.com/apps/top/google/app-index/th/social/top-free/
- https://sensortower.com/android/rankings/top/mobile/cambodia/overall?locale=zh-CN&iap=all&watch_enabled=&rankings_type=free&min_cost=0&max_cost=&date=2021-06-12&show_store_dat=true
Supplementary Notes
Top messaging apps LINE, messenger, messenger lite, whatApp etc. Social media apps: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook lite, Bigo live then TikTok TikTok Data on number of downloads, uses is difficult to trace from trustworthy online portal.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thailand is Beidou navigation network's first overseas client Deal will see China's home-grown navigation network challenging dominance of US' GPS Link, Link, Around 120 countries including Pakistan and Thailand are using Beidou's services for port traffic monitoring, to guide rescue operations during disasters and other services, according to Chinese state media. Link) [Second respondent]: China National Radio said a 2 billion yuan (9.5 billion baht) agreement to promote the use of Beidou in Thailand's public sector was signed in Bangkok last week. The system will be used in disaster relief, power distribution and transport, among other areas. Link
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1206567/thailand-beidou-navigation-networks-first-overseas-client
- https://un-spider.org/news-and-events/news/beidou-thailand-becomes-first-overseas-client
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/tech/1939624/china-launches-final-satellite-to-complete-rival-to-gps
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/343896/thailand-to-use-china-home-made-beidou-sat-nav-network
- http://www.beidou.gov.cn/zt/gjhz/index.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Siam Cement Group (SCG), the company's major shareholder is King Vajiralongkorn, cooperating with BYD auto industry signed a Memorandum of Understanding on “Education and Business Development of Electric Vehicles”. Link SCG established a partnership with Chinese Academy of Sciences: CAS. Link At ‘Thailand-China Business Forum 2018: Comprehensive Strategic Partnership through the Belt and Road Initiative and the EEC ’, Thai government encourages cooperation projects between Thai-Chinese business partners. Thai government also supports Chinese investment in Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC), the new special economic zone of Thailand. Link Last year, EEC and GBA working together to intensify Thailand-Guangdong Cooperation. Link
- https://techsauce.co/news/scg-byd-mou-electric-vehicle
- https://www.beartai.com/news/it-thai-news/376714
- https://thainews.prd.go.th/th/news/detail/WNECO6108240010024
- https://www.eeco.or.th/en/news/370
Supplementary Notes
(I went through websites of Phuket City Municipality, Chiang Mai Province office, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration etc. but did not find their bilateral agreement or any MoU with PRC. It seems to me that all the agreements on behalf of town, township, province is done through the central government. (Link)
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thai provinces have sister-city ties with 71 cities in PRC Link Bangkok: Beijing, Chaozhou, Chengdu, Chonqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shangdong, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin (Link) Chiangmai has 5 sister cities in China. These cities include Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, Kunming and Tsingtao. (Link.) Pattaya, Hubei sign sister-city agreement (Link) In 2013, Leshan and Prachuap Khiri Khan became sister cities (Link)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangkok#Sister_cities
- http://iad.bangkok.go.th/en/showsister_cities?id=31
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://www.icdi.cmu.ac.th/Research/SCRC.aspx#:~:text=In%20Global%20Network%20Civilization%2C%20Chiangmai,%2C%20Chongqing%2C%20Kunming%20and%20Tsingtao
- https://www.pattayamail.com/news/pattaya-hubei-sign-sister-city-agreement-42546
- https://www.zhangjiajietravel.com/old/travel-news/Zhangjiajie-to-Establish-Sister-City-Relationship-with-Pattaya-of-Thailand.html
- http://www.china.org.cn/travel/Wild_Sichuan/2016-09/02/content_39195066.htm
- http://www.fad.moi.go.th/index.php/blogsister
Supplementary Notes
Thai provinces have sister-city ties with 71 cities in PRC Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Princess Maha Chakri Sririndhod frequently visits China as the representative of Thai state. Princess Sririndhod and Princess Chulaporn have always been symbols of the relationship between Thailand and PRC. Even during the time of the Winter Olympic boycott, Princess Sririndhod continued her schedule to attend Winter Olympic opening ceremony. Although the princess not be considered a politician, however, Thai royal house plays a crucial role in Thai political history. Link Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2258451/princess-to-attend-beijing-opener
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202107/1228416.shtml
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Princess Sririndhon and Princess Chulaporn often visit PRC officials, research centres, and think tanks. Link Link Thai senior and influential diplomat, Don Pramudwinai, support the strong ties of Sino-Thai relationship. He refused in meeting with Western diplomats in recent years. Link Guo Yezhou Meets with Deputy Head of Democratic Party and Deputy Minister of Interior of Thailand (Link) CPC official eyes closer ties with Thailand (Link) official visit to the People's Republic of China as a guest of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China of Mr. Chai Chidchob, the President of the National Assembly and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Thai National Assembly. Between 1 - 16 January 2010 Link
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202009/t20200917_139856.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202104/t20210430_145794.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201911/t20191111_101792.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201503/t20150302_73520.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201411/t20141118_73518.html
- https://dl.parliament.go.th/handle/lirt/426995
- http://www.oir.pku.edu.cn/info/1162/3225.htm
- https://www2.cri.or.th/announcement/president/2009_news/2009_02_27_china
- https://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2020/08/21/mfa-welcomes-chinas-initiative-in-tackling-mekong-issues/
Supplementary Notes
Many meeting with CPC in PRC is an indication of other obvious meeting with think tanks and officials.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China, Thailand to enhance law enforcement, security cooperation (…China and Thailand will enhance law enforcement and security cooperation to ensure the safety of the people and their property, according to senior Chinese and Thai officials Link) Thailand was the first country to sign an extradition treaty with China (Link) Chinese training course for law enforcement officials from Northeastern Thailand" at the Confucius Institute (Link) The RPCA has Vietnamese, Cambodian and Myanmar nationals studying alongside Thais, while it has sent a number of Thai students to attend training in China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Indonesia, Germany, Australia and Japan. (Link)
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/01/c_138106912.htm
- https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/after-uyghur-controversy-china-praises-law-enforcement-co-op-with-thailand/
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zwjg_665342/zwbd_665378/t1599835.shtml
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1450602/a-police-academy-where-humility-is-taught
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Unable to find the supporting evidence. It is difficult to find as it is not done formally.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The United Front Work Department Goes Global: The Worldwide Expansion of the Council for the Promotion of the Peaceful Reunification of China (Link)
- https://jamestown.org/program/the-united-front-work-department-goes-global-the-worldwide-expansion-of-the-council-for-the-promotion-of-the-peaceful-reunification-of-china/
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996200
- https://www.mcu.ac.th/news/detail/21105
- https://www.mcu.ac.th/news/detail/13888
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/2021-south-china-sea-buddhism-162200163.html
Supplementary Notes
This event isn’t about fund raising/support etc but shows UFWD’s presence in Thailand. Without having support from the government/locals events could not be held. [2nd respondent]: Not the political party, but UFWD has a strong influence on another essential part of Thai society. It’s evidence that UFWD uses Buddhist organizations as adjuncts to BRI in mainland Southeast Asia. Link The Mahachulalongkornrajavidyadaya University, Buddhist University in Thailand, have a good relationship with PRC Buddhist organizations, for example, Spead the Mahayana Buddhism project, a joint study program between Mahachula University and China Center for Cultural Exchange and International Studies, etc. Thai monks often participate in international conferences that PRC Buddhist organizations hold. Link Link Link
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/26996200
- https://www.mcu.ac.th/news/detail/21105
- https://www.mcu.ac.th/news/detail/13888
- https://finance.yahoo.com/news/2021-south-china-sea-buddhism-162200163.html
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supporting evidence not found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
("They’re turning to China, saying we don’t have to be a democracy, we don’t have to respect human rights, we don’t have to uphold the rights of freedom of speech in order to be prosperous -- we can be like China," Mr Thanathorn said. Link) [2nd respondent] Thai politicians, especially the member of Prayuth Chan-O-cha’s party, often express their admiration and gratitude toward PRC. Since they are a military coup government, Prayuth’s government are lacking western support. Therefore, Prayuth is seeking a powerful alliance apart from USA and the EU. The politician from Prayuth’s party frequently cheers on PRC policy and strategy. Link Link Link
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/politics/1531714/thai-politicians-criticise-china-as-election-comes-into-focus
- https://time.com/5318224/exclusive-prime-minister-prayuth-chan-ocha-thailand-interview/
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2099383/anutin-puts-his-faith-in-chinese-vaccines
- https://thailand.opendevelopmentmekong.net/news/somkid-deepens-eec-china-push/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Zhao Wei is the chairman of the Kings Romans Group, which in 2007 was granted a 99-year lease over what became known as the Golden Triangle Special Economic Zone (GTSEZ), a gambling and tourism enclave in a remote pocket of the country’s northwest, close to the point where the borders of Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand converge. (Link) Can this be checked in local media to track something? The zone where Laos, Thailand and Myanmar meet is described by critics as virtually a Chinese colony, with the casino, hotels and restaurants catering mainly to tourists from China and operating largely outside the reach of Lao law. ….China is Laos’ largest foreign investor and aid provider, and its second-largest trade partner, after Thailand. (Link) [2nd respondent]: Dhanin Chearavanont (谢国民), the Thai business mogul and prominent royalist who has a high position in the Thai political area, is the owner of the first multinational conglomerate registered in Shenzhen Received registration number 0001 for animal feed production and distribution business. Dhanin has strong ties with CCP and become Xi Jinping's key economic alliance. He also has an honoured seat at the UFWD meeting back in 2018. Even though he doesn’t position in the Thai government, his opinion and funding for political parties can determine the government’s decision making. Link Link Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/chinese-casino-magnates-empire-set-to-expand-in-laos/
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/laos/port-10072020195319.html
- https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/southeast-asia/article/3007402/chearavanonts-thailands-richest-family-are-getting-richer
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/First-mover-in-China-advantage
- https://www.sohu.com/a/317303747_481645
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese Private Security Contractors: New Trends and Future Prospects: (…The development of Chinese private security companies (PSC) has been shaped by tragic incidents involving Chinese nationals abroad. First emerging in the 1990s, Chinese PSCs became more prominent after 2004, when 11 Chinese construction workers were killed in Afghanistan by the Taliban (China.org.cn, June 10, 2004). Following a series of subsequent incidents in East Timor, Chad, Lebanon, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Thailand, Haiti, and later Libya and Egypt, the necessity to protect Chinese nationals abroad became a more pressing necessity. These incidents involving Chinese nationals resulted in the rapid rise of the Chinese PSC industry.) (Link) China’s Private Military And Security Companies: ‘Chinese Muscle’ And Reasons For US Engagement (Link)
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-private-security-contractors-new-trends-and-future-prospects/
- https://www.eurasiareview.com/07072020-chinas-private-military-and-security-companies-chinese-muscle-and-reasons-for-us-engagement-analysis/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Thailand-China Parliamentarians Friendship Group paid a courtesy call on Ambassador of the People’s Republic of China to Thailand to exchange their views about the diplomatic relations between Thailand and China.Link)
- http://th.china-embassy.org/eng/dszl/dshd/t1578950.htm
- https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/download/article/article_20180705160850.pdf
- https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/49681
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
These have frequently meeting between Thai politicians, high officers, and high bureaucrats with representatives of the PRC. Link Link Link Link Link Prayut’s government is also well-known for close ties with PRC. Link Link
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202104/t20210430_145794.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202104/t20210427_145740.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201911/t20191111_101792.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190924_101397.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190924_101396.html
- https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/ewt_news.php?nid=15373&filename=index
- https://www.thairath.co.th/news/politic/2286318
- https://www.thaigov.go.th/news/contents/details/49681
- https://www.posttoday.com/politic/news/668522
- https://thaishanghai.thaiembassy.org/th/content/
- https://www.matichon.co.th/foreign/news_2768885
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1668208/regime-talks-up-china-ties-on-visit-to-beijing-for-belt-and-road-forum
- https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/468332/thailand-china-bolster-military-ties-as-us-relations-splinter
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It has undertaken projects commissioned by various Chinese and foreign government institutes such as the International Department of the Central Committee of CPC, Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Governance, Civil Service Commission of Thailand and Civil Service College Singapore… SAI is not only successful in training public leaders, but is also an example of good public management in Shanghai. The purpose of the delegation to Shanghai was to allow the senior and middle-level Thai civil servants to acquaint themselves with Shanghai’s pioneering ideas in economic development and public management and improve their leadership skills. The purpose has been fulfilled with the courses at SAI. The delegates have learned tremendously. They will return to Thailand with the experience and enhance the development of Thailand. Link National Academy of Public Administrant delegation participates in IIAS and IASIA conference 2016 in China Link Chinese language training scholarships at Huachiew University xiamen city People's Republic of China (15th edition) Thai-Chinese Culture and Economic Association, together with Huaqiao University in Xiamen, provided learning Chinese language scholarships for civil servants every year. Link King Prajadhipok’s Institute, the academic organization under the control of the Thai president of parliament, supports and provides many training programmes in Chinese study and the Chinese language. These programmes include the exchange between Thai and Chinese civil servants and study in China scholarship for Thai civil servants. Link
- http://www.sdx.sh.cn/html/home/news/110322.html
- https://www1.napa.vn/en/national-academy-of-public-administrant-delegation-participates-in-iias-and-iasia-conference-2016-in-china.napa
- https://web.archive.org/web/20210411152222/https://fad.go.th/th/news/73236-%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%93-%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99-%28%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88-15%29
- https://www.thaizhong.org/
- https://ops.moe.go.th/search-result/?_sft_category=news&sf_paged=2
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Wang’s visit to the three Mekong countries follows Washington’s recent launch of a new U.S.-Mekong Partnership along with Thailand, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, which is designed to counter China’s rising influence in the lower Mekong nations. (Link) … It underscored the long-tested friendship between China and Thailand, calling the two “one family.” Further, in a Thai-language version, it recalled the motto that “China and Thailand are not others, but brothers” (Chin Thai chai uen klai phinong kan). (Link) Thailand has been a treaty ally of the United States since 1954, but its political direction since 2006 — amid warming strategic ties with Beijing — is placing serious pressure on the alliance. (Link)
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/chinese-fm-embarks-on-diplomatic-drive-in-southeast-asia/
- https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/will-the-milk-tea-war-have-a-lasting-impact-on-china-thailand-relations/
- https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2020/05/14/thai-domestic-politics-threatens-to-derail-its-diplomacy/
Supplementary Notes
Unable to find source that shows PRC’s direct role in pressurising Thai diplomats to change their stances.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
•Cambodia and Thailand, which do not have direct interests in this issue, sided with China. Thailand 'supports' China's efforts to maintain maritime peace (Link) In 2016, Thailand wanted to remain neutral (Link)
- https://www.reuters.com/article/asean-summit-southchinasea-thailand-idUSL3N1BJ27A
- https://www.ide.go.jp/library/English/Research/Region/Asia/pdf/201209_suzuki.pdf
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/16/c_137827172.htm
- https://thediplomat.com/2016/07/who-supports-china-in-the-south-china-sea-and-why/
- https://www.thairath.co.th/content/662186
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… “Do you want us to keep them for ages until they have children for three generations?” asked Prayuth Chan-ocha, Thailand’s military-backed Prime Minister. Prayuth’s question, however, elided a key consideration: Thailand needs China’s support, and China wanted the Uighurs back. (Link) Thailand condemned for repatriation of 109 Uighurs to China (Link) Thailand was not a party of a letter which was signed by 35 countries to defend China re letter submitted to UNHRC..( Link)
- https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/07/thailand-china-uighur-refugees/398318/
- https://apnews.com/article/299f00fdcd734a028f40c13d504efa33
- https://www.dw.com/en/rights-groups-slam-thailands-uighur-repatriation/a-18573559
- https://jamestown.org/program/the-22-vs-50-diplomatic-split-between-the-west-and-china-over-xinjiang-and-human-rights/
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-uighurs-china-idUSKCN0PJ0E120150709
Supplementary Notes
Though these acts by the government represent their stance, it is understood that they are accepting PRC’s request irrespective of various HR regulations etc. Since the Thai government has not spoken on this issue formally, these acts of repatriation may reflect their support in PRC’s will. -- Thailand doesn’t directly express her voice in supporting PRC’s stance. However, Thai government sent back 100 more Uyghur immigrants to China in 2015. Link
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Since Thailand support one China policy, its position regarding Tibet is not found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Prayut, Thai Prime Minister, said when Carrie Lam visited Thailand in 2019 that ‘Thailand knows that Hong Kong government has a good intention for Hong Kong citizen and Thailand hopes Hong Kong government will resolve the protests problem in nearest future with peaceful way.” The prime minister did not obviously announce that he supports Carrie Lam, however, we can see from his statement that he prefers PRC governs Hong Kong than Hong Kong citizens govern themself. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.