Paraguay
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Paraguay had a GDP per capita of US$5,400 and a total population of 7.21 million people, with the Chinese population comprising 800 people, or 0.011% of the total population.
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. Paraguay was ranked 96th in Reporters Without Borders’ 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Partly Free in Freedom House’s 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 65/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media0.0% / 30.1%
- Academia4.5% / 34%
- Economy18.2% / 33.6%
- Society0.0% / 23.6%
- Military9.1% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement11.4% / 30.2%
- Technology15.9% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics0.0% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy20.0% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No Paraguayan media appears in the list of members of the World Chinese Media
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No Paraguayan media appears in the list of members of the BRNA
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality.
Supplementary Notes
Given the lack of information, I had to resort to interviews. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.observacom.org/tres-grupos-principales-dominan-la-propiedad-de-medios-en-paraguay/
- https://www.revistaplus.com.py/2018/08/25/los-propietarios-de-medios-de-comunicacion-mas-poderosos-de-paraguay/
- https://www.rdn.com.py/2020/07/31/duenos-de-medios-reciben-miles-de-millones-de-contratos-con-el-estado/
- https://www.prensaescrita.com/america/paraguay.php
Supplementary Notes
The most important media outlets are owned by Paraguayan nationals.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interviews with a journalist of an important media holding and with an independent journalist. Both asked for source confidentiality. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to this.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.uptp.edu.py/
- https://www.una.py/la-universidad/convenios-y-acuerdos/convenios-y-acuerdos-internacionales/
- https://www.universidadcatolica.edu.py/convenios-vigentes/
Supplementary Notes
There is a university promoted by Taiwan in Paraguay. In addition, there is no relationship between the other universities and the PRC. As a reference, the agreements of the two main universities in the country are detailed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There is a Confucius Center in Paraguay, linked to a Taiwanese school which is in the process of closing.
- https://www.ultimahora.com/colegio-chiang-kai-shek-anuncia-cierre-definitivo-35-anos-n2889721.html
- http://www.trece.com.py/actualidad/embajada-taiwan-cierre-chiang-kai
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.mec.gov.py/cms_v2/adjuntos/5801
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/columnistas/2020/01/09/el-guarani-y-el-ingles-en-las-aulas/
Supplementary Notes
The official languages are Spanish and Guarani. English is taught in schools as a foreign language.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.brsn.net/list/zhikujigou_en/index.html
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/Members/Members.htm
- http://www.ucmsr.com/route
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence that Paraguayan think tanks participate in networks linked to the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1019&context=think_tanks
- https://paraguaydebate.org.py/relacion-entre-think-tanks-y-universidades-en-paraguay/
Supplementary Notes
Considering the Global Go To Think Tank Index Report and other publications, it was verified that the main think tanks in the country do not have projects financed by PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found regarding Paraguayan experts who participate in this type of program. Considering the approach of the Thousand Talents Program, the possibility that this type of recruitment has been carried out in Paraguay is limited.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Paraguayan students have participated in different programs promoted by Huawei.
- https://www2.pol.una.py/?q=node/1683
- https://www.pol.una.py/archivos/Competencia_HUAWEI_Paraguay_2018.pdf
- https://www.huawei.com/minisite/seeds-for-the-future/history.html#:~:text=Seeds%20for%20the%20Future%20is,communication%20between%20countries%20and%20cultures.&text=launched%20in%202008.-,This%20program%20aims%20to%20develop%20skilled%2C%20local%20ICT%20talent%20and,communication%20between%20countries%20and%20cultures.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence of the existence of this type of group linked to the PRC in the country. This type of group is however, linked to other countries, such as Taiwan, for example.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Although no information is found in this regard in the consultations carried out, it is not possible to rule out that this has occurred.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The curricula in initial, basic and secondary education are designed by the government, which does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC. There is also no evidence of a relationship between the PRC and the universities in the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The URL shows that education is a topic of cooperation between Taiwan and Paraguay. There is even an Education Counselor and "academic, cultural and educational exchanges are offered within the framework of selecting scholarship holders, inviting teachers or authorities in the educational/cultural field to visit Taiwan, cultural events and, among others, cooperative matters between both academic institutions of both nations". Many teachers participate in these activities, so it is unlikely that they will be censured for speaking positively about Taiwan's independence.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.economia.gov.py/application/files/3916/1116/3825/RCE_-_Diciembre_2020.pdf
- https://www.economia.gov.py/application/files/9916/1902/1289/RCE_Marzo_2021.pdf
Supplementary Notes
The PRC is Paraguay's number three trading partner. But if only the imports are taken into consideration, China would lead the ranking.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Until 2019 Paraguay had a debt with China trust of Taiwan. Since 2013 Paraguay has issued bonds on international markets.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/economia/2019/08/24/empresas-chinas-en-asuncion/
- https://www.eby.gov.py/
- https://www.itaipu.gov.py/
Supplementary Notes
Representatives from China Harbor Engineering Company Ltd (CHEC) visited Paraguay in 2019 to study investment opportunities in infrastructure. Other companies have also shown interest in participating in different infrastructure projects. One of the hydroelectric plants that operate in Paraguay is entirely owned by the Paraguayan state. There are also two plants jointly owned with Argentina and Brazil.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.srcic.com/silk-road-members/?page=1
- https://dialogochino.net/es/infraestructura-es/26121-la-franja-y-la-ruta-la-nueva-cara-de-china-en-america-latina/
Supplementary Notes
The list of members of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce could not be accessed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Despite the existence of a large flow of imports from the PRC to Paraguay, there are conditions for certain products to be exported to the PRC.
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica_edicion_impresa/2019/12/06/china-extorsiona-y-falta-al-respeto-a-un-pais-soberano-como-paraguay/
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/negocios_edicion_impresa/2019/09/20/exportadores-piden-establecer-relacion-comercial-con-china/
- https://www.ultimahora.com/productores-piden-apertura-oficina-comercial-china-continental-n2855601.html
- http://www.apachin.org/extorsion-de-china-al-paraguay/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Businessmen involved in meat and soy bean production claim that maintaining relations with Taiwan prevents their products from entering the PRC.
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/negocios_edicion_impresa/2019/09/20/exportadores-piden-establecer-relacion-comercial-con-china/
- https://www.ultimahora.com/productores-piden-apertura-oficina-comercial-china-continental-n2855601.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.mre.gov.py/tratados/public_web/tratados.aspx
- https://www.economia.gov.py/application/files/6914/6584/2891/01_Convenio_MH-UCITC_Sistema_SIVECA.pdf
Supplementary Notes
Due to the recognition of Taiwan, Paraguay cannot sign treaties with the PRC. When certain interaction is needed, other actors are employed, such as the Paraguayan Cultural, Industrial, Technological and Commercial Union - China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.rediex.gov.py/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/GUIA-INVERSIONES-INGLES_BAJA.pdf
- https://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/economia/2019/08/24/empresas-chinas-en-asuncion/
Supplementary Notes
The Paraguayan government took various measures to encourage FDI. But the Chinese companies are not the main aim, despite the interest shown by some of them.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on the matter in the public or private sector.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No evidence was found that local groups promote reunification.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no members and member organisations of the United World Chinese Association in Paraguay.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence of cooperation or direct exchange. However, the Clasist Trade Union Action of Paraguay and the ACFTU are part of the World Federation of Trade Unions, so the interaction between the two cannot be ruled out.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.adndigital.com.py/ano-nuevo-lunar-el-ano-del-buey/
- https://www.abc.com.py/tag/ano-nuevo-chino/
Supplementary Notes
It was not possible to find evidence on this link. Reports on traditional Chinese festivals are based on the activities of the Taiwanese Embassy.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.sindicatodeperiodistas.org.py/somos/
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://www.sep.org.py/historia.php
Supplementary Notes
There is no evidence of a direct relationship between the Paraguayan professional organisations and their counterpart in the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.ultimahora.com/ante-aumento-templos-decretan-la-obligacion-registrar-entes-religiosos-n1130769.html
- https://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/mec-solicita-registrar-entes-religiosos-en-el-viceministerio-de-culto-173511
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on this. However, it is important to mention that the registry of cults in the country has certain deficiencies.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Given the lack of information, It was needed to resort to interviews. The people consulted stated that there is no reference to PRC government or PRC-connected entities distributing entertainment products in Paraguay. (Interview with journalist of the important media holding)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.cultura.gov.py/2021/06/es-designado-primer-director-ejecutivo-del-instituto-nacional-del-audiovisual-paraguayo-inap/
- https://dspace.unila.edu.br/bitstream/handle/123456789/1434/Congresso%20Com_228-237.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Supplementary Notes
Paraguayan cultural products, especially audiovisual ones, are very scarce. In this general references to the PRC differences are not appreciated. If "Chinese" characters appear, they are considered general stereotypes, without differentiating between the PRC and Taiwan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://infonegocios.com.py/nota-principal/oscar-acosta-lidera-el-ranking-de-los-periodistas-paraguayos-en-twitter-5-mujeres-en-el-top-10
- https://starngage.com/app/global/influencer/ranking/paraguay
Supplementary Notes
Paraguayan celebrities are not known to advertise a narrative favorable to the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are no reports on this. Although municipalities and governorates have a certain level of autonomy, it would be very strange for them to be related to a country with which the central government has no formal relation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Although there are voices in favor of the relationship with the PRC, there is no evidence about the opinion of the majority of the Paraguayan society on the subject. For this reason, it was decided not to answer the question.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The imports records and the list of registered official importers are specified.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The records of export are specified.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://dimabel.mil.py/index.php/institucion/dpto-planta-industrial
- https://www.paraguay.com/nacionales/se-reactiva-fabrica-de-material-belico-76272
Supplementary Notes
The only ammunition factory is owned by the State. Due to the lack of diplomatic relations with the PRC, this type of link would not be possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on the PRC's intentions to establish military bases in Paraguay. This is unlikely because the two countries do not have diplomatic relations. In addition, due to the type of relationship with the United States and in the current context, it is not seen as probable.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
It was not possible to find information about this aspect.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Due to the existing link with Taiwan, this is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, it signs this type of treaty with Taipei.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, it signs this type of treaty with Taipei.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=440710
- https://www.refworld.org/docid/42df61642c.html
- https://cgsc.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p124201coll1/id/822/rec/6
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.antilavadodedinero.com/fiscales-de-paraguay/
- https://www.ultimahora.com/fabian-marti-declaro-el-caso-que-investiga-clonacion-lineas-n2890485.html
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports regarding corporate espionage in the country. The latest reported case of espionage is related to political issues.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
The main destinations from which cyber attacks come is not the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are reports that members of the Chinese mafia enter, operate and transit through Paraguay to neighboring countries.
- https://www.extra.com.py/actualidad/brasil-caen-mafiosos-chinos-made-in-paraguay-n1548732.html
- https://www.infobae.com/sociedad/2016/11/23/mafia-china-la-insolita-historia-del-capo-de-los-cinco-alias-preso-en-misiones/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation it is no possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation it is no possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
It was not possible to find information about this aspect.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognizes Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation it is no possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports of this type of action.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No entities linked to the PRC are observed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
5G technology does not yet operate in Paraguay. On the other hand, it is appreciated that Huawei has projects with telephone companies in Paraguay.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei-related company signed a contract with the National Fiber Optic Network.
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/destacado_edicion_impresa/2020/12/04/mec-se-suma-a-compras-huawei-con-licitacion-de-g-46429-millones/
- http://celexx.com.py/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It can be seen that a company linked to Huawei signed a contract to provide the National Fiber Optic Plan.
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/destacado_edicion_impresa/2020/12/04/mec-se-suma-a-compras-huawei-con-licitacion-de-g-46429-millones/
- http://celexx.com.py/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay does not have diplomatic relations with the PRC, but rather recognises Taiwan. For this reason, this kind of cooperation is not possible.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on this. Although municipalities and governorates have a certain level of autonomy, it would be very strange for them to be related to a country with which the central government has no formal relation. There is evidence of the relationship of organisations linked to Taiwan with sub-national governments.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Paraguayan banks operate with different correspondents. These agents in turn have different links worldwide. But it cannot be verified that Paraguayan banks operate directly with CIPS. (Request to local banks)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Due to the nature of the Paraguayan market, the financing of this type of activity is focused on public institutions and cooperation organisations. The emergence of private platforms for this type of activity is also observed, but their development is still incipient.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No reports of this type of collaboration are registered. (Interviews with people linked to the sector)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.mitic.gov.py/noticias/el-972-de-la-poblacion-paraguaya-usa-internet-para-mensajeria-instantanea
- https://elpais.com/internacional/2016/12/30/actualidad/1483055106_448456.html
- https://www.latamclick.com/estadisticas-de-las-redes-sociales-en-paraguay-2019/
Supplementary Notes
The most popular social networks in Paraguay are WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and Linkedin. None of them are linked to the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.argentina.gob.ar/noticias/sistemas-de-navegacion-satelital
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/gran-diario-domingo/2021/02/28/el-satelite-paraguayo-abre-posibilidades-de-desarrollo-cientifico-incalculables/
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on this type of collaboration, only on an interaction event between experts in the Latin American area. Satellite development is very incipient in the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.cm.gov.py/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/constitucion-nacional-PARA-INCISO-C.pdf
- https://archive.ph/MgJM6
- https://archive.ph/cWJc9
- https://www.taiwanembassy.org/py_es/post/14554.html
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports on such agreements. Although municipalities and governorates have a certain level of autonomy, it would be very strange for them to be related to a country with which the central government has no formal relation. There is evidence of the relationship of organisations linked to Taiwan with sub-national governments.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://recursos.mec.edu.py/kiwix/wikipedia_es_all_maxi/A/Lista_de_ciudades_hermanas_en_Paraguay
- https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Ciudades_hermanas_en_Paraguay
Supplementary Notes
A list of sister cities found recorded in the page of the Ministry of Education is detailed, but it comes from a third source related to the "Wiki" environment.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
A list of Paraguayan politicians who visited the PRC between 1989 and 2008 is published on the internet. However, the origin of the funds for carrying out this type of trip is not specified.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Skip
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
The local expert stated that there is no evidence that Paraguayan politicians have visited PRC, but it cannot be ruled out that meetings may have taken place. Mainly because a Paraguayan political party received donations directly from the PRC Consulate in Sao Paulo (Brazil).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Because diplomatic relations are not maintained with the PRC, the possibility of this type of action occurring is remote, both at the central and sub-national government levels.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The latest report regarding available political financing does not show contributions from the PRC. However, it relates to 2015 and it could be seen that, during the pandemic, the PRC Consulate made a donation to a political party.
- https://www.tsje.gov.py/informes-sobre-contribuciones-y-donaciones.html
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2020/06/18/republica-popular-china-envio-la-primera-donacion-a-paraguay-informo-frente-guasu/
Supplementary Notes
The latest report regarding available political financing does not show contributions from the PRC. However, it relates to 2015 and it could be seen that, during the pandemic, the PRC Consulate made a donation to a political party.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
This type of contribution is not observed in the accountability of the parties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports of groups with a link to the United Front Work Department (UFWD).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/coronavirus-paraguay_senado-paraguayo-rechaza-por-segunda-vez-acercamiento-sanitario-con-china/46461058
- https://aguajero.com/senado-paraguayo-rechaza-por-segunda-vez-acercamiento-sanitario-con-china
- https://www.efe.com/efe/america/politica/la-iniciativa-de-acercamiento-con-china-es-rechazado-por-el-senado-paraguayo/20000035-4224587
Supplementary Notes
Despite the existence of a proposal to establish relations with the PRC, it was not accepted by the majority in Congress.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
It was not possible to find information about this issue.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no records of contracting security services offered by private PRC companies on public government procurement lists.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://silpy.congreso.gov.py/comision/100417
- https://noticias.nat.gov.tw/news.php?unit=92&post=181728
- http://www.senado.gov.py/index.php/noticias/noticias-presidencia/5490-se-rechaza-el-proyecto-que-insta-establecer-relaciones-diplomaticas-con-china-popular-2020-04-18-02-03-59
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica_edicion_impresa/2021/03/18/frente-guasu-usa-vacunas-para-insistir-en-vinculo-con-china-popular/
Supplementary Notes
There is this type of organisation only in regard to Taiwan. However, a group of parliamentarians presented an initiative in favor of RPC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
There are no reports of official meetings, but a group of legislators received donations from the PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://www.stp.gov.py/v1/gobierno-de-taiwan-ofrece-beca-a-distancia-para-funcionarios-publicos/
- https://www.stp.gov.py/v1/gobierno-de-taiwan-ofrece-beca-total-sobre-entrenamiento-en-liderazgo-y-recursos-humanos/
- https://www.adndigital.com.py/china-taiwan-ofrece-becas-funcionarios-publicos/
Supplementary Notes
Only Taiwan offers this type of training to diplomats or civil servants in Paraguay.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay and the PRC do not have diplomatic relations. For this reason, there are no embassy of PRC in Paraguay and it is not possible to check the visa issue
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- http://www.diputados.gov.py/index.php/noticias/presidente-de-diputados-manifiesta-su-apoyo-la-inclusion-de-la-republica-de-china-taiwan-la-oms
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2020/04/11/legisladores-apoyan-a-taiwan-y-rechazan-acusaciones-desde-la-oms/
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2021/04/27/lettaiwanhelp-fuerte-apoyo-del-congreso-para-ingreso-de-taiwan-a-la-oms/
Supplementary Notes
Paraguay supports Taiwan's participation in the WHO.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Due to the relationship with Taiwan, it is evident that Paraguay did not publicly supports the candidacies presented by the PRC. However, it cannot be ruled out that on some occasion a PRC candidate has been voted for by Paraguay. There is no access to a complete record of the voting in which Paraguay participated.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Because of its relationship with Taiwan, Paraguay generally supports their initiatives. Because of this, it is not feasible that these types of claims be supported.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Due to its relationship with Taiwan, Paraguay generally supports its initiatives. Paraguay also exhibits great alignment with the United States in its foreign policy, which has already spoken out on the issue. But no evidence could be found to condemn the PRC's actions towards the Uyghur population.
- https://www.lanacion.com.py/politica/2020/07/10/taiwan-y-paraguay-celebran-63-anos-de-relaciones-diplomaticas/
- https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202104230015
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/05/taiwan-voices-support-for-uyghurs-in-china/
- https://www.dw.com/es/eeuu-presiona-a-china-sobre-taiw%C3%A1n-y-origen-de-la-pandemia/a-57860300
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No report could be found regarding Paraguay's position. From the background, it is to be hoped that it does not support the position of the PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No report could be found regarding Paraguay's position. Due to the antecedents and the relationship with Taiwan and the United States, it is to be expected that it does not support the position of the PRC
- https://py.usembassy.gov/joint-statement-on-hong-kong/
- https://tibetpolicy.net/tsai-ing-wens-ambiguity-over-tibet/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.