Pakistan
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Pakistan had a GDP per capita of US$1,538 and a total population of 225.19 million people. Reliable estimates of the Chinese population are unavailable.
Pakistan established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1951. Pakistan was ranked 157th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Partly Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 37/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media52.3% / 30.1%
- Academia62.5% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society43.2% / 23.6%
- Military80.0% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement47.7% / 30.2%
- Technology97.7% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics52.8% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy81.8% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Plenty of open source material suggests growing media cooperation between the two countries. However, no evidence found of specific Pakistani organizations having joined the 'World Chinese Media' network.
- http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=5695
- https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/06/02/7th-china-pakistan-economic-corridor-cpec-media-forum/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- Pakistan Federation of Union of Journalists
- http://cpecinfo.com/delegation-of-pakistani-journalists-visits-power-china-headquarters-in-beijing/
- https://www.radio.gov.pk/16-04-2018/pakistani-media-delegation-visiting-china-from-today
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese officials are reported to have organized trainings and visits of Pakistani journalists for greater exposure and understanding of China. However, because of the language barrier and media censorship in China, credible Pakistani journalists do not necessary look to China improve their reporting and journalistic skills. When training have been organized, they tend to target younger, inexperienced media persons -ostensibly to get favorable coverage of China and CPEC projects.
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/09/08/chinese-pakistani-journalists-vow-to-counter-negative-propaganda-by-western-media/
- https://gotest.pk/education/news/chinese-universities-step-training-journalists-pakistan/
- https://www.app.com.pk/global/international-journalists-praise-facilities-objective-journalism-in-china/
- https://pakistan.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_pf/features/2022/01/27/feature-01
Supplementary Notes
Not enough info available at the moment
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China Radio International dominates MW frequencies in north Pakistan. Their powerful boosters just across the border send strong signals. The penetration started more than 15 years ago. So strong was their signal that it drowned out the BBC Urdu/Hindi MW frequency at 1413. I know this from my days at BBC in London. Besides, Xinhua news service has been feeding PRC perspective in major privately-owned (but often state-controlled) Pakistani media outlets, including Dawn, Jang Group and Express Group.
- https://urdu.cri.cn/
- https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/27-Dec-2019/dr-firdous-seeks-media-s-role-to-counter-anti-cpec-propaganda
- https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/27-Dec-2019/dr-firdous-seeks-media-s-role-to-counter-anti-cpec-propaganda
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not much evidence of Chinese ownership of any significant media outlets. Some fringe websites may be indirectly funded to promote and protect PRC's interests, but direct ownership of local media outlet by PRC-related entities is unlikely. The only exception we've come across is a small media named "Huashang News" owned by a PRC citizen with a very limited outreach and circulation. (links below)
- http://www.ipcs.org/comm_select.php?articleNo=5695
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-pakistan-softpower/china-boosts-soft-power-in-pakistan-via-film-and-social-media-idUSKCN1VW0LJ
- http://www.huashangnews.cc/resource/other/about.html
Supplementary Notes
No evidence of direct Chinese ownership of media outlets, except one small outlet reported a few years ago.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
June 12, 2020 23:31 IST | ANI Press Release AddThis Sharing Buttons Share to Facebook Share to TwitterShare to LinkedInShare to TelegramShare to More Tennis player James Blake Chinese flag You would like to read Cannot impose lockdown in Pakistan with 25 pc population living on daily wages: Imran Khan Pakistan losing precious time to act decisively on Covid-19 outbreak Pak media raps PM Khan for all-round failures, imperious haste in passing Army Act Imran Khan wants to 'talk solutions to end conflicts' with India Islamabad, [Pakistan] June 12 (ANI): A researcher has warned that Chinese inroads into Pakistan's mainstream media, and state-level bilateral cooperation on telecommunications infrastructure and surveillance is growing, which poses a threat to people's freedom of speech in the country. Nowmay Opalinski, a research intern with the Centre for Internal & Regional Security (IreS), IPCS explores the potential implications of the steadily increasing Sino-Pak state-to-state collaboration in Pakistan's media and telecommunications sector. He said, "These developments are taking place against a backdrop of Pakistani state's growing attempts to censor online content domestically. How does this set of circumstances favour China? Where does China's big picture media strategy fit into this?" He found that since 2012, the government of Pakistan has been attempting to implement a national firewall to tighten control over content shared online. The introduction of the Pakistan Electronic Crime Act in 2016 was supposed to regulate harmful content like terrorist propaganda. However, it has also been used to censor opposition leaders and critics of the government. Nowmay Opalinski said, "January 2020, Pakistan adopted a new set of regulations framed under the Citizen Protection (Against-Online Harm) Rules, which entails plans for the Ministry of Information Technology and Communication to appoint a national coordinator in charge of online content regulation. The Human Rights Commission of Pakistan and the Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists denounced this move, and have argued its unconstitutionality". Reporters Without Borders and legal experts highlighted that the vague definitions of harmful contents leave room for arbitrary removal of content. Application of Article 6(s) also enables potential deactivation of user data encryption as it enforces social media companies to deliver extensive information, including "subscriber information, traffic data, content data, and any other information or data. This new regulation includes an obligation for all social media companies to open offices in Pakistan, where strict supervision of their ability to remove or block content will be enforced. It empowers the national coordinator to ask online platforms to surrender all information, private or public. These measures could lead to international social media platforms to re-evaluate their operations in Pakistan, as the Asia Internet Coalition (AIC) highlighted in their statement to Prime Minister Imran Khan. However, these new measures could also play in favour of Chinese social media platforms as an alternative in the country. Chinese content censorship on its online platforms is uniformly applicable, irrespective of whether an application is being used domestically or abroad. They could thus easily adapt to Pakistan's new regulations, and Beijing could even work with Islamabad to define the extent of internet censorship in Pakistan. Nowmay Opalinski said, "While such a cooperation has not yet taken place, China's growing footprint in Pakistan's telecommunication infrastructure could enable its occurrence. For example, the new cross-border fiber-optic cable which goes from Xinjiang to Rawalpindi via Khunjerab will involve the routing of internet traffic through China's regulated network. This could facilitate the exportation of the Chinese firewall system to Pakistan through a direct linkage. China has already exported social media surveillance tools to several countries. It is also showcasing its model of internet control in UN-mandated working groups on international cyber-norms by challenging "Internet freedoms and its multi-stakeholder governance." In December 2019, Firdous Ashiq Awan, Pakistan's then special assistant to the prime minister on information, urged Pakistan's local media to play an active role in promoting the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and to counter "negative propaganda." Her statement came a month after US Assistant Secretary of State for South Asia, Alice Wells, criticised China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and CPEC. The researcher said, "Since then, China and Pakistan have continued to reiterate the need for closer media cooperation. This is already taking shape, with China's state-run Xinhua news agency signing an MoU with local Pakistani media, which includes the provision of free content in both English and Urdu to their Pakistani counterparts. While the provision of content might be perceived as a good opportunity for the country's shrinking media industry, it could also be a step towards standardization of mainstream media information to promote BRI projects in Pakistan". There is a broader strategy at play here. China is now exporting news production through institutions such as the Belt and Road News Network. It has developed 'flooding' strategies, which involve publishing large volumes of online content through various state-sponsored channels. In a recent interview, state-run Pakistan Television Corporation officials reported that a "Rapid Response Initiative System" will be implemented to coordinate the efforts of China Economic Net (a Beijing-based online news organisation) and Pakistan China Institute (an Islamabad based pro-Beijing think-tank) to systematically counter negative views against CPEC. Subsidised trips for Pakistani journalists with training sessions in China are also being organised on a frequent basis. Beijing wishes to promote a new model of journalism across the world, and is holding international conferences such as the Belt and Road Journalists Forum and the China-Pakistan Media Forum to get the word out. Beyond content-related issues, China's investment in the media sector mainly favours state-owned outlets over independent and/or private entities.
- https://www.app.com.pk/global/7th-cpec-media-forum-eyes-fruitful-results/
- https://www.business-standard.com/content/press-releases-ani/expert-warns-of-china-s-inroads-into-pakistan-s-mainstream-media-and-telecommunications-120061200692_1.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, Ads promoting Pakistan-China friendship, CPEC projects, Chinese aid in times of Covid and natural disasters is heavily projected through media campaigns.
- https://twitter.com/TheDailyCPEC/status/1570703486282788866?s=20&t=TGg6Ki-kgltjmTE48PwKUA
- https://twitter.com/TheDailyCPEC/status/1570120351618830336?s=20&t=pXyh3eQJTUcwAtmBYlHoDA
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pressure is exerted on journalists to give positive coverage and avoid criticism of China. But this is done by Pakistani civil military officials, not by PRC directly.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
That's because China is seen as an strategic ally by the military and all the major political parties.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It's a topic Pakistani leaders and media personalities deliberately avoid talking about because they don't want to upset China. Pakistan is a muslim majority nation. Very few people would actively/openly deny the violation of human rights in China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
About 6,000 Pakistanis were working on their PhDs in China in 2018. Scientific and technological collaboration has grown rapidly, according to Journal Nature. With nearly 3,000 papers jointly authored and published by Chinese and Pakistani researcher, China has become one of Pakistan's top partners in scientific collaborations, according to an analysis of co-authored papers from Elsevier’s Scopus database. China is co-sponsoring a range of research centers in Pakistan that are studying topics from rice agriculture to artificial intelligence and railway engineering.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The three main elements of Chinese educational support for Pakistan and other developing countries are university scholarships, vocational training programs, and Chinese language courses. Many Pakistanis think it would be economically beneficial to learn Mandarin or study in Chinese institutes. It has happened at all educational levels, including middle schools, high schools, colleges, and universities. China has continued to sponsor and open Confucius Institutes and classrooms throughout the country, often responding to requests from Pakistani universities. Private schools across the country, even in smaller cities, have begun offering Mandarin classes. Examples include the City School, one of the largest private school networks in Pakistan, with at least 150 schools in nearly fifty cities serving a total of 150,000 students. Another is the Roots School System that offers Chinese language courses. Not entirely clear whether these private schools receive subsidized books and/or other financial support from PRC for this.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-08/28/c_138345891.htm.
- https://thecityschool.edu.pk/chinese-language-classes/
- https://www.rootsschool.edu.pk.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan-China Institute The China Study Center, SDPI Islamabad
- https://issi.org.pk/report-1st-pakistan-china-think-tank-forum-evolving-regional-situation-and-pakistan-china-cooperation/
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/wjbxw/202109/t20210910_9712527.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan today owes 30 per cent of its foreign debt to China, acc to the International Monetary Fund (IMF). China has invested in virtually every segment of the economy. To safe-guard its investments it must also invest media, research and think-tanks to help create a favorable intellectual capital. So, while there is no open-source evidence available of Chinese funding of think tanks in Pakistan, we have seen mushrooming of China experts in Pakistan who visit China regularly, have great access to Chinese diplomats and they champion PRC's view points and interests in Pakistan. None of this would be possible without the Chinese money. Pakistan is too cash-strapped to fund such activities.
- https://issi.org.pk/report-1st-pakistan-china-think-tank-forum-evolving-regional-situation-and-pakistan-china-cooperation/
- https://issi.org.pk/press-release-2nd-pakistan-china-think-tank-dialogue/
- https://www.southasiainvestor.com/2019/05/growing-china-pakistan-collaboration-in.html
- https://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There's plenty of collaboration in higher education and university exchanges. But not enough evidence available to suggest specific programs aimed at bringing Chinese experts living in Pakistan to return to their country.
- https://www.hec.gov.pk/english/scholarshipsgrants/lao/CSC/Pages/default.aspx
- https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/960241-chinese-scholarships-for-water-conservancy-professionals
- https://www.southasiainvestor.com/2019/05/growing-china-pakistan-collaboration-in.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Chinese officials, students or scholars have not been overtly in conflict with Pakistani activists over human rights abuses, etc. Their interest in Pakistan is primarily financial, strategic and at best cultural. They are careful not to get entangled in activism, politics and media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Most Pakistanis who go to China go there on business, student, tourist visas or official business. Journalists have also been taken there with the aim of "educating" them about all the "good work" China is doing in Pakistan. If it happens, it would usually be concerns over applicant's involvement with Islamic groups. Human rights activists in Pakistan have not really sought to go to China to investigate things there.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Most probably not
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Discussion over these issues is avoided because the country as a whole is increasingly dependent on China and doesn't want to upset Beijing. Most Pakistanis would be forgiven for not knowing much about PRC's stance on Taiwan and Hong Kong. Islamist and right-wing institutions like to champion the cause of Muslims the world over, except in China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is Pakistan's 2nd biggest trading partner after the US
- https://www.worldstopexports.com/pakistans-top-import-partners/
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In May 2022, Pakistan said it owes $18.4 billion or one-fifth of its external public debt to China, which is not only $4 billion higher than the officially reported figures but is also the highest lending by any single country or financial institution.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Copper and gold in Balochistan province Coal in the desert region of Thar in Sindh province
- https://unpo.org/article/21986
- http://cpec.gov.pk/project-details/4
- https://oec.world/en/profile/country/pak
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese trade and industrial concerns are operating throughout the country, with joint and wholly-owned interests in textile factories, cement plants, power producers, steel mills, housing projects and telecommunication concerns, the Pakistan-China Joint Chamber of Commerce and Industry’s (PCJCCI) website shows. Examples: Gwadar Sea Port and Thar Coal power project
- https://www.dw.com/en/china-pakistan-investment-ties/a-58734281
- https://asiatimes.com/2021/02/chinas-pakistan-investments-a-double-edged-sword/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is a member of AIIB since Dec 2015
- https://www.aiib.org/en/news-events/news/2020/AIIB-Approves-USD250-Million-Loan-to-Assist-Pakistan-to-Mitigate-Impact-of-COVID-19.html
- https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/governance/members-of-bank/index.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Pakistan are allies in the multi-billion dollar CPEC project, which is a part of OBOR. Major Pakistani businesses have partnered with PRC entities for projects in infrastructure development, energy and other sectors. Not enough info available to confirm whether Pak businesses are also member of the three organisations named in the question.
- http://dev.srcic.com/news/experts-call-for-greater-cooperation-under-china-proposed-bri/
- http://cpec.gov.pk/
- https://srcic.org/silk-road-members/?page=3
- https://www.bricaistanbul.com/overview/brica-members/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No publicaly known evidence available of PRC's coercion
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence of that available yet
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.commerce.gov.pk/about-us/trade-agreements/pak-china-free-trade-agreement-in-goods-investment/
- https://tdap.gov.pk/china-pakistan-free-trade-agreement-phase-ii/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not true, even though China is frustrated over unpaid capacity payments in the coal plants it has set up under CPEC. Those outstanding payments by the government of Pakistan run in billions of rupees. But the Chinese have been patient and not threatened to invoke retaliatory claims. The two sides are trying to sort this out through negotiations, instead of arm-twisting.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
United World Chinese Association isn't well known or active in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not really
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No such reporting available locally. Reason could be that most Chinese workers live in closed and secure housing away from local communities. Their interaction is often minimal with the local communities. No way to know how they mark events and activities like Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc.
- https://www.wikiwand.com/zh-mo/%E5%86%9C%E8%9E%8D
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/yz_676205/1206_676308/1206x2_676328/202102/t20210207_7972683.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistani and Chinese culture have little in common. One is highly religious, the other isn't. Their heritage, language and sensibilities are also very different. Not much has been done to bridge the cultural divide, except for promotion of Mandrian in Pakistan (mainly for economic reasons).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not really. Religious ties between the two people are almost non-existent
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Culturally, Pakistan is much closer to its arch-rival India. Indian content is still popular in Pakistan despite ban on import and censorship. China and Pakistan have started promoted each others films and entertainment content, but there is a long way to go.
- http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2018-11/04/content_69450390.htm
- https://dailyoutcome.pk/five-movies-from-pakistan-screened-in-china/
- https://variety.com/2020/film/news/china-pakistan-first-film-parwaaz-hai-junoon-1234814657/
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-pakistan-softpower-idUSKCN1VW0LJ
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Really
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Pakistani govt usually prefers to speak up for PRC in routine statements. Statements by PRC govt and embassies get prominent coverage in Pakistan's state and private media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, China is regularly hailed for its economic success, low tolerance for corruption and as a self-respecting nation by Pakistani leadears. Educated Pakistanis understand that China has supported Pakistan against India and the US. They overlook PRC's alleged human rights abuses and its conflicts in East Asia as the country's internal matters. Pakistanis generally look up to China because of its economic power and military support against India. Some in the business community do resent how cheap imports from the PRC have destroyed local manufacturing.
- https://uscpublicdiplomacy.org/sites/uscpublicdiplomacy.org/files/CPEC_Twitter_Discourse_Analysis_China_Pakistan_Ahmed_Rojratanakiat_Taekasem.pdf
- https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/FP_20200615_china_pakistan_afzal_v2.pdf
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1251538.shtml
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202210/06/WS633e8e1aa310fd2b29e7b223.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has cemented its place as Pakistan’s largest supplier of major arms, including fighter aircraft, warships, submarines and missiles, according to a report by Sweden’s Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) published in March 2022.
- https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/china-helped-build-pakistans-military-these-five-weapons-199357
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2361207/pakistan-china-vow-to-step-up-defence-cooperation-despite-challenges
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is an importer of Chinese weapons technology. For arms export, the military has been trying to graduate well beyond just a manufacturer of small weapons and improve its ability to produce advanced weapons. But given its economic constraints, Islamabad has had limited success. In recent years, it has sold weapons to budget-minded countries like Turkey, Nigeria and Myanmar. (Pakistan sold three JF-17s to Nigeria. In 2017, Turkey contracted to buy 52 Super Mushshak training aircraft. A year later, Ankara agreed to buy 1,000 PK-83 general purpose bombs.)
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/With-China-as-its-mentor-Pakistan-triples-arms-exports
- https://www.brecorder.com/news/543001
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, tanks, fighter jets and submarines.
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202202/1252785.shtml
- https://www.business-standard.com/article/international/china-boosting-pakistan-s-military-arsenal-by-providing-assistance-analyst-121120100202_1.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
There are reports that China is building naval security presence in Gwadar, Balochistan. China is building a deep sea port there as a part of CPEC (OBOR). These reports are denied by Pakistani officials.
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/06/02/chinas-new-high-security-compound-in-pakistan-may-indicate-naval-plans/?sh=2a2157691020
- https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/pakistan-hasnt-offered-any-military-bases-to-china-in-gwadar/articleshow/88184647.cms
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has helped Pakistan with humanitarian efforts in times of floods, earthquake, etc. But it's unclear whether this was PLA effort under HADR. Not enough reporting available to confirm this yet.
Supplementary Notes
Not enough reporting available to confirm this yet.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan army and PLA have a very close strategic relationship. The Pakistani army chief recently described the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and the Pakistan Army as "brothers in arms". But there's little evidence that PLA military personnel are deployed in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/pak-china-reaffirm-their-strategic-partnership-in-the-challenging-times-122061200756_1.html
- https://www.timesnownews.com/international/article/chinas-military-assistance-to-pakistan-continues-as-chinese-instructors-readying-pak-army-soldiers/773830
- https://pakobserver.net/pak-china-phenomenal-military-cooperation-by-syed-qamar-afzal-rizvi/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, joint military training exercises, including peacekeeping as well as anti-terrorism operations.
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2320355/pakistan-participates-in-first-china-hosted-multinational-peacekeeping-drill
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2323273/pakistan-china-joint-anti-terrorist-exercise-concludes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Most probably yes. The army effectively leads Pakistan's strategic ties with PRC. The deals and negotiations are often secretive and not subject to parliamentary or media scrutiny. Pakistani generals are known to have enriched themselves by taking favors from friendly Arab countries. Given the strategic alliance and growing dependence on China, it would not be surprising if serving and retired commanders have received personal benefits and rewards from the PRC or its entities. However, in the absence of proof, this would be a speculation that would fit the overall pattern of the military leadership has benefited from being in control of the country.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, because they are convinced that in the regional dynamics and balance of power vis a vis India, Pakistan has to rely on Chinese military for support and strength.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, regularly
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
So such evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not really, given the tight state to state relations between the two sides.
Supplementary Notes
Not really, given the tight state to state relations between the two sides.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not really. Pakistan has suffered cyber attacks from India, but not much from China. Indian media accuses Pakistan of acting as China’s proxy against India.
- https://www.orfonline.org/research/pakistan-emerges-as-chinas-proxy-against-india/
- https://therecord.media/chinese-apt-groups-targeting-india-pakistan-and-more-with-sophos-firewall-vulnerability/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence exists to suggest that
Supplementary Notes
No evidence exists to suggest that
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China have a lot of information and intelligence sharing, but it's not discussed in the public domain. It includes internet traffic, video, etc.
- https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/army-steps-up-deployment-of-ai-powered-surveillance-systems-on-borders-with-china-pakistan/articleshow/93402906.cms
- https://theprint.in/world/china-installs-over-500-surveillance-cameras-in-gwadar-city-of-pakistan/1007442/
- https://technologytimes.pk/2021/08/15/lahore-safe-city-launch-investigation-against-huawei-on-llegation-of-installing-back-door-data/
- https://www.aboutpakistan.com/news/gwadar-safe-city-project-to-be-completed-in-next-six-months/
Supplementary Notes
Pakistan and China have a lot of information and intelligence sharing, but it's not discussed in the public domain. It includes internet traffic, video, etc.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence of joint policing in Pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan does not recognize Taiwan as a state but as an integral part of the People’s Republic of China.
Supplementary Notes
Pakistan does not recognize Taiwan as a state but as an integral part of the People’s Republic of China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan was the first country to actively collaborate with Beijing in monitoring and extraditing Uyghurs to China, deporting 14 Uyghurs accused of being terrorists in 1997. They were all summarily executed.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei, Haier and Zong are among major Chinese investment companies in Pakistan's telecom sector.
- https://www.dw.com/en/china-pakistan-investment-ties/a-58734281
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2363463/economic-future-of-pakistan
- https://www.globalvillagespace.com/china-keen-to-support-a-fast-5g-rollout-in-pakistan/
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-1138
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Most likely yes, as the country is heavily reliant on Chinese technology for its telecom infrastructure upgrades.
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/07/09/chinese-telecom-carrier-helps-bridge-digital-gap-in-pakistan/
- https://tribune.com.pk/story/2345552/telecom-boom
- https://theprint.in/world/china-installs-over-500-surveillance-cameras-in-gwadar-city-of-pakistan/1007442/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan relies and trusts China more than the US for its hi-tech needs. The two countries have a deep military cooperation on missile and nuclear program.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Fiber Optic Project under CPEC; not enough information available on data collection, voice and facial recognition cooperation.
- http://cpec.gov.pk/map-single/3
- https://www.nation.com.pk/29-May-2022/pakistan-s-first-ai-lab-nears-completion-under-cpec
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Yes, true for major cities.
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/asiapacific/2021-08/26/c_1310151002.htm
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-354
- https://cpec.gov.pk/project-details/63
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-4183
- https://beaconinvestment.org/capital-smart-city/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2020/09/14/pakistan-china-likely-to-sign-mou-for-cooperation-in-ict/
- https://dailytimes.com.pk/837493/pak-china-to-establish-center-of-excellence-on-artificial-intelligence/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Top 5 platforms: Facebook Youtube TikTok Snack Video Twitter
- https://www.phoneworld.com.pk/7-most-used-social-media-platforms-in-pakistan-2022/
- https://dailytimes.com.pk/938205/pakistans-pavilions-to-be-established-in-beijing-on-tiktok-to-promote-trade/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2020, Pakistan became the first country to join satellite navigation system of China
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan has four provinces. They have constitutional autonomy over health, education, policing, mineral wealth, energy, etc. These provincial governments have routinely wooed Chinese govt/investors and signed several bilateral deals.
- https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/964797-mou-signed-on-setting-up-culture-education-exchange-centre
- http://en.ce.cn/Insight/202206/28/t20220628_37811579.shtml
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/06/13/first-batch-of-chinas-vocational-college-on-electric-engineering-inaugurated-in-sindh/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan and China have a patron-client relationship. As a creditor and a financier, China helps keep Pakistani economy afloat. So while it may not directly fund many "official" trips, the budget is indirectly financed by PRC.
Supplementary Notes
Skipping this question because of a lack of evidence to support well established public perception that PRC and Chinese entities sponsor strips of politicians and govt officials in an attempt to promote China's interests in Pakistan.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
All the time. Summits and bilateral visits.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
These trainings take place regularly between PRC and Pakistan's federal and provincial governments.
- https://ccls.lums.edu.pk/courses-offered
- https://www.radio.gov.pk/24-05-2018/judiciary-of-pakistan-fully-supports-cpec-cjp
- https://finance.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Tr-16072019.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Dr Ammar Malik
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No significant allegations or reporting on Chinese campaign donations available. It is conceivable, given PRC's deep financial stakes, but there seems to be little evidence so far
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence or need in Pakistan, where overall opinion is largely pro-PRC
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan's civil-military leaders are overwhelmingly pro-PRC as they depend on Beijing for military and economic support against India and the US.
- https://www.brecorder.com/news/40180236/pm-says-more-cooperation-with-china-is-win-win-situation
- https://www.gulftoday.ae/news/2019/10/08/imran-all-praise-for-chinas--efforts-against-corruption
- https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2022/05/28/chinas-economic-development-an-example-for-the-world-bilawal/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Pro-Beijing think-tanks in Islamabad have popped up in the last decade or so. They ostensibly receive funding and support from PRC governments and diplomats to project advocate closer business and strategic ties with Beijing. Examples include: Pak-China Institute (PCI) led by Senator Mushahid Hussain and the China Study Center at Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI). Hard to name specific cases or individuals, though it is entirely possible given the close cooperation and business dealings between the two sides.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan has rejected requests from Beijing to allow a Chinese private security company to operate in its territory.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
All the time
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Training of Pakistani civil servants by the Chinese govt has been going on for several years.
- https://www.finance.gov.pk/poverty/training_28032022.pdf
- https://www.commerce.gov.pk/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Ftrain_China_EAD.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
PRC doesn't directly pressurize Pakistani politicians. It's the state of Pakistan that ensures everyone understands and supports the strategic alliance. Fair to say that PRC offers Pakistanis incentives for cooperation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence available to support this
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan fully supports China's position on Taiwan’s participation in the World Health Assembly
- Pakistan's supports One China policy
- https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/health/world-health-assembly-taiwan-becomes-a-hot-potato-again-71235
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China and Pakistan have a long history of supporting each other's core interests in various UN bodies.
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1677586/china-thanks-pakistan-for-extending-support-in-un-body-polls
- https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-pakistan-vow-to-support-each-others-core-interests-concerns/2594718
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan fully supports China on South China Sea, Taiwan, Xinjiang and Tibet.
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/2020-12-01/Pakistan-to-support-China-on-South-China-Sea-Taiwan-Xinjiang-Tibet-VS4tonaaTC/index.html
- https://www.southasiamonitor.org/china-watch/pakistan-supports-beijing-south-china-sea-talks
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan, as a Muslim country,usually avoids talking about Uighurs. But this year a prime minister backed China's version on Uighurs, praised it's one-party system.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan's stated position on Tibet is that it is an inalienable part of China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Pakistan is committed to One-China Policy and supports China on Taiwan, South China Sea, Hong Kong, Xinjiang and Tibet.
- https://www.dawn.com/news/1583884
- http://us.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zgyw/202202/t20220206_10639501.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.