Malaysia
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Malaysia had a GDP per capita of US$11,371 and a total population of 32.77 million people.
Malaysia established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1974. Malaysia was ranked 113rd in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Partly Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 50/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media45.5% / 30.1%
- Academia32.5% / 34%
- Economy54.5% / 33.6%
- Society54.5% / 23.6%
- Military27.3% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement81.8% / 30.2%
- Technology56.8% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics47.5% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy36.4% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
According to the organization's official website, there are only three Malaysian representatives on the council of the association, but they are all small local media.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Astro Malaysia Holdings Bhd, member of the Belt and Road Media Community (BRMC) Link Member organisation isn’t found on the Link kindly see if you can recognise by any logo or name of the institution which is known to the local expert.
- http://brmc.chnpec.com/en/MEMBER/2018/03/14/26b94c6d65a847cf9826033b6b6e4600.shtml
- https://brnalink.com/members.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
….The visit by 11 journalists, as part of the ASEAN Elites China Tour 2019, followed a series of tours by overseas media and foreign diplomats to Xinjiang… Link … A group of journalists from Indonesia and Malaysia visited the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Feb. 22 to 27 to interview the local people and find out about the region's development and how it implements policies on de-extremism…. Link Premier Wen Jiabao Gives a Joint Interview to Journalists from Malaysia and Indonesia Link Foreign journalists visit exhibition on China's achievements (name of the participating countries are not disclosed.) Link …Beijing has also used subsidized trips or “trainings” in China to cultivate foreign journalists directly. According to some past participants from Pakistan and Sri Lanka, the visiting journalists are made to understand that their hosts expect them to reciprocate for the well-funded events by producing content that promotes the CCP’s preferred narratives…. Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201903/02/WS5c79c54fa3106c65c34ec4a0.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-02/28/c_137858202_2.htm
- http://my.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/pwjbvm/t818968.htm
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-10/18/c_136687373.htm
- https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/beijings-global-megaphone
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China boosts soft power by training foreign journalists: …totaling 21, come from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and the Philippines…. Link Malaysia under China's growing media influence, says Freedom House report: …The report, titled "Beijing's Global Megaphone" and written by senior research analyst Sarah Cook, says that among the methods used are the publication of op-eds by Chinese ambassadors, the cultivating of local journalists through subsidised trips to China, the offering of slanted but free content to local news providers and the spread of disinformation through China-owned social media and what it calls 'Russian-style' campaigns…. Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-10/17/content_27077588.htm
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/507301
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Chinese language: • Astro channels, and other local channels owned by local companies and the Malaysian government broadcasting Chinese channels with news: · CCTV-4, · CTI Asia, · Phoenix Chinese Channel and Phoenix InfoNews Channel, · STAR Chinese Channel, · TVB channels, including TVBS-Asia Xinhuanet Malaysia channel formally launched Link 8TV (Chinese: 八度空间; pinyin: Bā Dù Kōngjiān) is a Malaysian Chinese-language free-to-air television network focused on the Chinese community of Malaysia. Its programming consists of mostly dramas, sitcoms, and reality shows made in Chinese, either produced in Malaysia or imported from other countries, such as Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Singapore and occasionally Thai and Korean drama for Malaysian viewers. Link(Malaysian_TV_network) China Radio International in Bahasa Malayu, Link This source could not be the authorised source but it can be the opinion from the insider. Link Media Chinese International Limited, HQ based in Hong Kong has many print media in Malaysia. Link Ming Pao, Bintang Sin Chew, Sinaran Sin Chew, Cahaya Sin Chew, Life Magazine (under which 21 magazines are published), Popular Science, TopGear
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2014-02/20/content_17294894.htm
- https://www.wikiwand.com/en/8TV_
- http://malay.cri.cn/
- https://www.reddit.com/r/China/comments/93nudo/ownership_of_chinese_language_media_in_malaysia/
- https://www.mediachinesegroup.com/en/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
NTV7, 8TV said to be have partial ownership by Chinese citizen, but there are no clear evidence. Link Link …the fact that Malaysia only permits a maximum of 30-percent foreign ownership of media organizations has helped to stave off a takeover of the country’s media outlets… Link
- https://vulcanpost.com/734496/ntv7-history-close-down-replaced-didiktv/
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/563237
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Baidu-backed Chinese video streaming giant iQiyi has teamed up with Celcom Axiata Bhd and Media Prima Bhd's content production and distribution arm Primeworks Studio, to boost its footprint in Malaysia… Link …“In Malaysia, making content farms is already an industry. You can make a living just doing that” said independent data journalist Kuek Ser Kuang Keng (郭史光慶). There are three major content farms in Malaysia, and in their heyday they could make money just by writing youth-oriented or inspirational articles. Later, when the platforms started to manage content, “a lot of people sold off their fan pages on the cheap,”… Link Media Prima owns several TV and radio stations which is affiliated with Najib’s party UMNO. It heavily criticised Mahathir’s candidacy candidacy in election. In Najib’s rule, there was a closer ties with the PRC. Therefore, it can be said that contents by Media Prima were positive towards China. (analysis based on Link ) …The report cited Taiwan (which Beijing views as a renegade province), Hong Kong (which has been the site of violent pro-democracy protests) and Xinjiang (in which China is facing accusations of suppressing the minority Uyghur population) as three key areas in which China is determined to control the narrative… Link
- https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/chinas-iqiyi-joins-forces-media-prima-and-celcom-boost-footprint-malaysia
- https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/iqiyi-announces-strategic-partnership-with-malaysias-leading-media-brand-astro-expanding-entertainment-services-for-overseas-markets-300952473.html
- https://www.taiwangazette.org/news/2020/3/10/fake-news-in-taiwan-comes-from-a-trans-national-content-farm-in-malaysia
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Malaysia-in-transition/Mahathir-moves-to-free-Malaysian-media-from-political-parties
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/507301
Supplementary Notes
• …"Chinese diaspora outlets and media owners whose coverage serves the CCP’s interests are frequently rewarded with advertising, lucrative contracts for other enterprises, joint ventures and even political appointments."… …The party’s efforts under Xi Jinping have been remarkably effective at improving China’s image in key regions, but they have also fuelled a backlash, as journalists, policymakers, technology firms and civil society organisations around the world launch their own initiatives to increase transparency, diversify funding sources and protect press freedom."
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence could be found, but local experts is kindly requested to confirm it.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• WSJ Investigation: China Offered to Bail Out Troubled Malaysian Fund in Return for Deals: …Chinese officials told visiting Malaysians that China would use its influence to try to get the U.S. and other countries to drop their probes of allegations that allies of then-Prime Minister Najib Razak and others plundered the fund known as 1MDB, the minutes show. The Chinese also offered to bug the homes and offices of Journal reporters in Hong Kong who were investigating the fund, to learn who was leaking information to them, according to the minutes…. Link
Supplementary Notes
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Astro is the member of the Belt and Road Media Community, therefore it is more likely that their TV channels do not publish/telecast news/updates which are critical to PRC. …Chinese officials have also recently indicated a willingness to interfere in domestic Malaysian affairs to defend the diaspora. In response to pro-government protests that denounced ethnic-Chinese Malaysian leaders in 2015, China’s ambassador warned that China would not sit on the sidelines if others infringed “on the national interest of China.” Pro-China tycoons also own large portions of Malaysia’s Chinese-language media. For example, the Star newspaper, owned by the MCA, has sought to curry favor with the CCP by regularly praising Chinese officials. Link Malaysian journalist charged over China coronavirus posts Link
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
- https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysian-journalist-charged-over-china-coronavirus-posts-12397286
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Quiet defiance: Understanding Malaysia’s careful stance on Uyghur Muslims … An influential preacher in Malaysia called in December 2019 for a boycott of Chinese products over the repression of Uyghurs. Mohd Asri bin Zainul Abidin, the top Islamic jurist in Malaysia’s Perlis state, told Al Jazeera, “We need to go to the extent of boycotting China’s products. They know the strength of our purchasing power.”… Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Huawei signs MoUs with Malaysian govt bodies Link Signing Ceremony on Education Sponsorship Collaboration Agreement with University of Malaya: …University of Malaya is the first public university which Huawei Malaysia has signed a scholarship contract worth RM300,000 on 27 December 2018.. .. Huawei has decided to invest RM1,500,000 in scholarships at Malaysia’s top universities in the next five years, providing financial support to Malaysian students… Link Alibaba Cloud Announces Partnership with Xiamen University Malaysia: …Alibaba Cloud has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUM) to enhance the education and skills of the cloud computing staff and students through the Alibaba Cloud Academic Empowerment Program (AAEP)… .. This year, apart from the collaboration with XMUM, Alibaba Cloud Academy also built a virtual learning community on DingTalk. To-date, a dozen universities have joined the community, and around 800 students have participated in the online training and certification process… Link Partnership to transform cloud computing education Link Huawei signs MoU with local universities to develop Malaysian talent …which will be providing industry-relevant skills to enhance the employability and marketability of the undergraduates through its MSC Malaysia K-Workers Development Initiative.. Link
- https://www.telecomasia.net/content/huawei-signs-mous-malaysian-govt-bodies/
- https://www.huawei.com/my/news/my/2018/university-of-malaya-education-sponsorship-collaboration
- https://hostingjournalist.com/alibaba-cloud-announces-partnership-with-xiamen-university-malaysia/
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/education/2020/08/30/partnership-to-transform-cloud-computing-education
- https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/huawei-signs-mou-local-universities-develop-malaysian-talent
Supplementary Notes
• Most of the agreements are one-sided technology research, support. Research on other areas seems to be less
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
UCTS to launch Confucius Institute tomorrow …According to the chairman of UCTS Board of Management, Dato Sri Wong Soon Koh, the Confucius Institute at UCTS is the fifth Confucius Institute in Malaysia and the second in East Malaysia… The other four Confucius Institutes in Malaysia are in University of Malaya, Segi University, Universiti Sabah Malaysia and Universiti Malaysia Pahang… Link KONG ZI Institute University of Malaya Link Partners Link …Some 35,000 students across Malaysia have learned Mandarin with the involvement of over 200 teachers, while more than 400 students, local Mandarin teachers and heads of Malaysian educational institutions have visited China… Link …Located in the main campus of University of Malaysia, Confucius Institute at University of Malaya occupies an area of 1,415 m2. It is a multi-functional venue integrating office, Chinese language teaching, book browsing and Chinese culture exhibition. the Institute has 8 Chinese government-sponsored professional Chinese teachers and 4 volunteer Chinese teachers and offers various Chinese language courses… Link
- https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/12/09/ucts-to-launch-confucius-institute-tomorrow/
- http://www.kongzium.edu.my/
- http://www.kongzium.edu.my/about-us/our-partners/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-10/29/c_138513075.htm
- https://kzxy.bfsu.edu.cn/info/1093/1421.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… More than 500,000 pupils, including non-Chinese children, attend Chinese schools each year, even though their education is not recognised by the government Detractors in the Malay-majority country believe validating Chinese education would put national unity and the national language at risk.. Link More Malaysian Malays studying in Chinese primary schools today versus a decade ago …There are more than 1,200 Chinese and 523 Tamil primary schools in Malaysia that use either Mandarin or Tamil as the medium of instruction. These are separate from the government-run national schools that use Malay as the medium of instruction. Under Malaysia's education system, these students, on completing their primary education, will join the national secondary schools or private schools. Link …China has also enhanced its influence in Malaysia through numerous educational initiatives. The Chinese embassy funds Chinese-language schools — much to the chagrin of Malaysian conservatives who support the country’s “one-language policy” of teaching only Malay in the education system…. Link
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/people/article/3104016/more-malaysians-are-learning-mandarin-even-chinese-schools
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/more-malaysian-malays-study-in-chinese-primary-schools-today-versus-a-decade-ago
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Anbound Malaysia Chinese think tank looks to Malaysia Link University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (UCMSR) • UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA Link • UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Link University Alliance of the Silk Road • Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Link Silk Road Think Tank Association • Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia 1983 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Link
- https://www.chinadailyasia.com/asia-weekly/article-1492.html
- http://www.ucmsr.com/meminfo/52
- http://www.ucmsr.com/meminfo/60
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
- https://archive.ph/HopGu
- http://www.esilks.org/about/members
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Chinese and Malaysian Media and Think Tanks Discuss Sci-Tech Cooperation to Empower the Future : …Sponsored by China International Publishing Group, Malaysia-China Friendship Association and Science and Technology Daily, and organized by China Report Press, the "Technology Empowering the Future: China-Malaysia Think Tank and Media Cooperation Forum" was held on January 15, 2021. …Representatives from Chinese and Malaysian media, think tanks and sci-tech enterprises conducted in-depth discussions on "Empowering the Future through Technology—New Prospects for Digital Cooperation between Think Media in the 5G Era". Link …The Najib administration also facilitated bilateral research collaborations between Malaysia’s Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS)… Link
- http://www.stdaily.com/English/WorldNews/2021-01/18/content_1071717.shtml
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Supplementary Notes
• …As chairman of the Centre for New Inclusive Asia (CNIA), a Malaysian think tank, Ong has been dedicated to promoting people-to-people exchanges between China and Malaysia in recent years… Link • This isn’t directly related but is useful in understanding the situation.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found China stops promoting 'Thousand Talents Plan' Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Skip
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found. As some universities are part of the BRI related networks/association etc. the visit is more likely. As related updates are rarely available, the influence measure could be 1.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found in case of the other educational institutions. since Xiamen University Malaysia is the overseas university of the same, its curriculum must have been from the PRC Link Sunway University Collaborates with Universities in China: …Professor Peng Yonghong, President and General Secretary of Huizhou University said the academic collaboration between Chinese and Malaysian institutions is strategic as it will contribute to various international economic initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area (GBA). The research centre will be a platform to connect talent from Malaysia as well as South East Asia to the Greater Bay Area. The initiatives and efforts from both institutions will open up new opportunities for the advancement of both research and industry, particularly in the area of digital technology and industry revolution 4.0. Link Chinese universities establishing programs and campuses in foreign countries Link
- http://www.xmu.edu.my/2021/0419/c16271a431533/page.htm
- https://en.prnasia.com/releases/apac/sunway-university-collaborates-with-universities-in-china-248107.shtml
- https://internationaleducation.gov.au/News/Latest-News/Pages/Chinese-universities-establishing.aspx
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China became Malaysia’s largest trading partner for the 11th consecutive year in 2019, with trade valued at RM316.6 billion, according to the Malaysia Trade Statistics Review (MTSR). Link China becomes Malaysia's largest trading partner for 12 consecutive year as bilateral trade grow in 2020: …Malaysia's exports to China rose 12.5 percent year on year to 158.6 billion ringgit (about 39.23 billion U.S. dollars) in 2020, the highest value thus far, driven by higher exports of iron and steel products, other manufactures, electronics and electrical (E&E) products, manufactures of metal, palm oil and palm oil-based agriculture products, rubber products as well as paper and pulp products… Link
- https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/china-remains-malaysias-largest-trading-partner-for-11th-year/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/30/c_139709468.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The composition of foreign denominated borrowings was mainly in US dollar (54.6%) and yen (44.8%). Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• The export from Malaysia goes to Singapore and China equally if all exports are counted. The top exports of Malaysia are Integrated Circuits ($63B), Refined Petroleum ($17.8B), Petroleum Gas ($11.5B), Semiconductor Devices ($9.65B), and Palm Oil ($8.91B), exporting mostly to Singapore ($36.2B), China ($36.2B), United States ($30.7B), Hong Kong ($17.2B), and Japan ($16.3B). If we count only the extractives China is not the top customer as Japan is the top customer of petroleum gas (Japan ($4.16B), China ($2.57B), South Korea ($1.94B), Chinese Taipei ($1.22B), and Singapore ($818M).) Similarly, Singapore is the top customer of the refined petroleum followed by Vietnam and China. (Singapore ($6B), Vietnam ($1.45B), China ($1.35B), Bangladesh ($1.27B), and Australia ($1.26B).) Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In Malaysia, Chinese SOEs were granted major infrastructure deals at significantly inflated costs, in return for Chinese assistance in bailing out a troubled government investment firm then-Prime Minister Najib Razak reportedly used as his personal piggy bank. .. Most notably, China allegedly bailed out a Malaysian state investment fund, 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB), from which Najib had stolen billions to augment his personal fortune and reward allies. In return, Chinese companies were granted favorable terms to complete major Malaysian infrastructure projects at inflated costs… Link …Mahathir terminated the East Coast Rail Link project and scrapped another costly infrastructure development venture — the $100 billion Forest City scheme in Johor — and began to strengthen economic ties with Japan as a counterweight to China… Link
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Joined Mar 27, 2017 Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
ICC Malaysia Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Broad Confidence, Coercive Advances, Complicated Regional Responses Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia has already signed and implemented 7 bilateral FTAs with Japan, Pakistan, India, New Zealand, Chile, Australia and Turkey. While at the ASEAN level, Malaysia has 6 regional FTAs with ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), China, Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and India. Link
Supplementary Notes
If regional FTA is also considered as a response, then the influence measure is YES.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• The exact supporting evidences may not be available but as per the evidences shared in this document so far, during the Najib government the relaxation/removal is more likely. If additional notes help, the influence measure could be ‘YES’ ..“untold stories” of some productive investments which were made within the last four to five years, including the establishment of Digital Free Trade Zone that linked global giant e-commerce Alibaba Group and local players.. Link … there is a unique ‘‘central government–policy bank–state owned enterprise (SOE)’’ trinity that underpins most of China’s overseas BRI projects, while the Chinese state in the context of financial statecraft is often treated as a singular, unitary actor deprived of internal dynamics. Relatedly, it is conventionally held that the Chinese central government is firmly in the driver’s seat, functioning as the ‘‘brain’’ to dictate the external commercial behaviors of SOEs and provincial governments (the “arms”). We found these analytical presumptions and simplifications problematic in the case of Chinese infrastructure overture to Malaysia… Link
- https://themalaysianreserve.com/2021/03/08/lack-of-transparency-in-malaysia-china-investment-risks-local-firms/
- https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/debunking-3-myths-about-chinese-investment-in-malaysia/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… Malaysia reiterated its firm adherence to the one China policy and supported peaceful development of cross-Straits relations and China's peaceful reunification… Link …The Joint Communiqué says that Malaysia reaffirms its adherence to the one-China policy and holds that China's development is conducive to promoting this region's peace, stability and prosperity. China thanks for Malaysia's understanding and support on the issue of its peaceful reunification…. Link
- https://www.kln.gov.my/web/guest/home?p_p_id=101&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&_101_struts_action=%2Fasset_publisher%2Fview_content&_101_returnToFullPageURL=%2F&_101_assetEntryId=8556564&_101_type=content&_101_urlTitle=joint-press-statement&redirect=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kln.gov.my%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Fhome%3Fp_p_id%3D3%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dmaximized%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26_3_redirect%3D%252F%26_3_keywords%3Dsouth%2Bchina%2Bsea%26_3_struts_action%3D%252Fsearch%252Fsearch&inheritRedirect=true
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cemy/eng/xw/t229184.htm
- https://www.thenewslens.com/article/132250
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The United World Chinese Association Held The "Malaysian Sentiments Toward A Global Achievement" Event On March 22, 2015 Link
- https://yellow.place/pt/malaysia-united-world-chinese-association-%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A-%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A%EF%BC%89-subang-jaya-malaysia
- https://www.bigorangemedia.com/10037
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
MTUC received the delegation study visit by Guangxi Federation of Trade Unions from People’s Republic of China today in Wisma MTUC. Link
Supplementary Notes
Unable to trace if Guangxi Federation of Trade Unions is the part of or the member of ACFTU. If it is the member of it, the response is YES.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The United Front Work Department of the Communist Party of China often has Malaysian Chinese troupe activities, and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office has been merged into the United Front Work Department However, in the past two years due to the epidemic, officials from the United Front Work Department of China could not come that much often.
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/06/20/china-strategy-in-xinjiang-aims-to-eliminate-poverty-eradicate-terrorism-and-extremism/
- https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/ad-aspi/2020-06/The%20party%20speaks%20for%20you_0.pdf?gFHuXyYMR0XuDQOs.6JSmrdyk7MralcN
- https://www.sinchew.com.my/20181001/%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%A9%E5%85%B4%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%9F%E6%88%98%E9%83%A8%E2%80%A7%E5%8A%A0%E5%BC%BA%E4%B8%8E%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E8%81%94%E7%B3%BB/
- https://www.facebook.com/fujianmalaysia/posts/1715517505259082/
Supplementary Notes
UFWD deputy director-general Zhang Baiqing on talked in a dialogue with a diplomatic delegation set up by the Chinese government at its embassy in Jalan Ampang. He was defending Xinjian and Uyghurs situation in China.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia-China calligraphy exhibition opens at Kuala Lumpur Link There are some agreements between the governments to promote cultural ties, arts etc. but very rare exchanges between the professional associations are found. Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/culture/art/2014-09/17/content_18613531.htm
- http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2020-01/19/content_75630391.htm
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• iQIYI international • Astro GO (Malaysian company, member of BRMC) • Iflix • VIU (hq in HK but not sure about its affiliation)
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The project will set up 8 Sino-foreign coproduction teams with broadcasting qualifications and international first-class production standards. They are from 6 countries and regions including China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lana, Malaysia, and the United Arab Emirates, Macao. Link …The two countries saw deepened people-to-people exchanges and cultural cooperation. In February, Xiamen University and New Sunshine Group of Malaysia signed an agreement on setting up a Malaysian campus of Xiamen University. In the same month, a Chinese enterprise signed an agreement with a Malaysian enterprise, deciding to jointly produce a large live-action outdoor show Impression Malacca, which would stay in Malaysia for performances on a long-term basis. In October, the two governments signed the Agreement on Science, Technology and Innovation Cooperation… Link
- http://brmc.chnpec.com/en/programMore.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/yzs_663350/gjlb_663354/2732_663468/
Supplementary Notes
• Astro Shaw Sdn Bhd is a Malaysian film studio which is associated with the Astro Malaysia Holdings, Astro TV. As they are associated with the BRMC, it is more likely that they remain silent or active in portraying PRC in positive light.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Few retired journalists as small influencers consistently spread CCP propaganda narratives, but only affect a very limited group of senior Chinese diaspora community. Few controversy incidents happened back to 2018, but not seen recently.
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kindly check if South China Sea dispute and other mega projects have played negative role in Malaysian’s perception towards China. (Local expert). • Link Chinese governmentfunded Confucius Institutes — which promote both Chinese language instruction and a CCP-friendly narrative— launched at the University of Malaya in 2009, and the first overseas campus of a major Chinese university— Xiamen University of Malaysia — was established in 2015. Link
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/7-of-10-ASEAN-members-favor-China-over-US-survey
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia to buy navy vessels from China in blow to U.S. Link China-Malaysia Warship Deal in the Headlines With Second Vessel Launching Link … It will be the first big purchase of Chinese arms by Malaysia, which currently buys arms from the US and Russia…. Link China ‘to offer Malaysia radar, rocket launchers based in Johor’ Link China ‘to offer Malaysia radar, rocket launchers based in Johor’ Link Malaysia is likely to remain focused on maritime acquisitions. The navy’s ‘15-to-5’ programme aims to replace 15 older ships with just 5 new models. Six frigates are on order from France and four OPVs from China. Link Its share is relatively low though. Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-china-defence-idUSKCN12S0WA
- https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/china-malaysia-warship-deal-in-the-headlines-with-second-vessel-launching/
- https://www.ft.com/content/76e53d98-a031-11e6-891e-abe238dee8e2
- https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/china-offer-malaysia-radar-rocket-launchers-based-johor
- https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/1912_arms_flows_to_south_east_asia_wezeman.pdf
- https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2019-12/1912_arms_flows_to_south_east_asia_wezeman.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia exports armaments to other countries but it is not found that they have been exported to PRC. Turkish firearms firm to establish factory in Malaysia: … The goal of our partner is to meet the needs of the country's military and police forces, as well as to export to other countries in the region. In the first phase, we will only produce according to the needs of their own security forces."… Link Link Link
- https://www.dailysabah.com/defense/2019/04/08/turkish-firearms-firm-to-establish-factory-in-malaysia
- https://www.infodriveindia.com/shipment-data/malaysia-export-data-of-arms
- https://trendeconomy.com/data/h2/Malaysia/93
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…China claims almost all of the South China Sea, and since 2014 has built up tiny reefs and sandbars into man-made artificial islands heavily fortified with missiles, runways and weapons systems -- prompting outcry from the other governments. At least six other governments also have overlapping territorial claims in the contested waterway: the Philippines, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and Taiwan…. Link Beijing’s South China Sea military bases ‘are vulnerable to attack and will be of little use in a war’ Link
- https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/07/china/south-china-sea-bases-military-intl-hnk/index.html
- https://www.asianewsday.com/beijings-south-china-sea-military-bases-are-vulnerable-to-attack-and-will-be-of-little-use-in-a-war/
Supplementary Notes
While both of the parties claim parts of the SCS as theirs, the PRC would claim Malaysia’s maritime territories as their own where they are establishing basing.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…The exercise will be read as a boost to the bilateral defense relationship and the China-Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership more generally. While the two countries had held their first ever bilateral military drills in December 2014 last year under the banner of “Peace and Friendship 2014,” that was a joint table-top exercise held at the MAF Joint Warfare Center. This year would mark the first time that the PLA and MAF have conducted a joint live-troop exercise…. Link China, Malaysia start joint military exercise Link China’s navy to join Thailand and Malaysia for training exercise as military seeks to build bridges with neighbours Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link
- https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/china-malaysia-to-hold-first-ever-joint-live-troop-exercise/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-malaysia-start-joint-military-exercise
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2168558/chinas-navy-join-thailand-and-malaysia-training-exercise-strait
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml
Supplementary Notes
• NO supporting evidence found. In most of the joint military exercises, drills are taking place but training in PRC is not found online.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In the past five years, China has provided 20 training programs to over 1,500 peacekeepers from more than 60 countries, covering civilian protection and courses for senior mission officials, trainers, military professionals, and female officers that does not include Malaysia… Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found online. It seems that because of the tensions in the SCS, frequent intrusion from the PLA in the maritime has created reluctance in more coordination and collaborations between the armies. Why Malaysia, Normally Calm, Is Upset with China over a Maritime Dispute Link Chinese Air Force Fly 16 Aircraft Through Malaysian Airspace in Large-Scale Exercise Link China sends 16 military aircraft over disputed South China Sea shoals near Malaysia Link
- https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/voa-news-china/why-malaysia-normally-calm-upset-china-over-maritime-dispute
- https://news.usni.org/2021/06/01/chinese-air-force-fly-16-aircraft-through-malaysian-airspace-in-large-scale-exercise
- https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2021/06/01/china-sends-16-military-aircraft-over-disputed-south-china-sea-shoals-near-malaysia/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Joint Military Drills: China, Thailand and Malaysia to conduct military exercise Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link …Members of the Chinese People's Liberation Army learned jungle tracking and survival techniques from Malaysian forces in the past few days, while the Malaysian Armed Forces learned skills related to combat, jungle warfare and indoor shooting in urban areas from China, Li said… Link …He highlighted "military cooperation," saying it has "hit new heights in recent years." Aside from the joint military training exercises in 2015 between Chinese and Malaysian armed forces, Najib revealed that that the two countries will be finalizing "the first significant defense deal" during his trip…. Link China, Malaysia undertake joint military exercises Link China, Malaysia and Thailand joint military drill concludes Link …The exercise will be read as a boost to the bilateral defense relationship and the China-Malaysia comprehensive strategic partnership more generally. While the two countries had held their first ever bilateral military drills in December 2014 last year under the banner of “Peace and Friendship 2014,” that was a joint table-top exercise held at the MAF Joint Warfare Center. This year would mark the first time that the PLA and MAF have conducted a joint live-troop exercise…. Link China, Malaysia start joint military exercise Link China’s navy to join Thailand and Malaysia for training exercise as military seeks to build bridges with neighbours Link China, Malaysia start first joint military exercise Link
- https://news.cgtn.com/news/356b444f78494464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/share_p.html
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2016-11/26/content_27491582.htm
- http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2016-10/30/content_39599238.htm
- https://vov.vn/en/world/china-malaysia-undertake-joint-military-exercises-337448.vov
- http://eng.chinamil.com.cn/view/2018-10/30/content_9326975.htm
- https://thediplomat.com/2015/08/china-malaysia-to-hold-first-ever-joint-live-troop-exercise/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-malaysia-start-joint-military-exercise
- https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2168558/chinas-navy-join-thailand-and-malaysia-training-exercise-strait
- https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/943289.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Malaysia has five bilateral extradition treaties in force, four of which are with members of the Initiative (Australia; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Thailand) and two with Parties to the OECD Convention (Australia and United States)… Link Hong Kong, China – Malaysia extradition treaty for the surrender of fugitive offenders Link Concern mounts over 52 countries having extradition treaties with China or Hong Kong: …Hong Kong government figures suggest that 19 countries have signed extradition agreements with the territory, CNA reported. The list includes the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, Germany, and several Asian countries, including South Korea, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and India… Link
- https://www.oecd.org/site/adboecdanti-corruptioninitiative/39984984.pdf
- http://www.bdo3c.f-sc.org/fichiersABADG/1608.pdf
- https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3960108
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China’s Cooperation with Southeast Asian Countries in the Fight against Terrorism • …China and Malaysia have also established a counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism. During the visit of Chinese vice Minister of Public Security to Malaysia in 2015, the two sides reached a consensus on counter-terrorism and agreed to carry out counter-terrorism information exchange and strengthen joint cooperation. In August 2018, Prime Minister of Malaysia Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamad visited China and both sides agreed to have cooperation in defense, law enforcement and counter-terrorism, with a view to jointly maintaining regional security and stability…. • …In November 2002, China and ASEAN leaders made joint declaration on ‘Non-traditional Security Cooperation’. In 2004 China initiated and participated in Joint Communiqué of the First ASEAN Plus Three Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC+3) meeting. The meeting agreed to establish cooperation mechanism between ASEAN, China, Japan and South Korea to combat transnational criminals. China has further strengthened its implementation on anti-terrorism and law enforcement exchanges and cooperation with the legal departments with Southeast Asian countries. It also included the establishment of bilateral agreement to combat terrorism and extremism. The Joint Declaration on 2002 was further strengthened by Memorandum of Understanding on ASEAN-China Nontraditional security cooperation singed in 2004 in Bangkok. Since then China and Southeast Asian countries are cooperating in the field of drug trafficking, illegal immigration, including trafficking in women and children, maritime piracy, arms smuggling, money laundering, international economic crimes, cybercrime and terrorism…. • …In terms of military exchanges, China and some Southeast Asian countries have signed cooperation agreements and held joint anti-terrorism exercises with countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. However, these exercises are still small in scale, and short in time…. …Anti-terrorism cooperation between China and Southeast Asian countries under the APEC mechanism: China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam are the members of APEC, and the ASEAN Secretariat is also one of the observers…. Link Joint statement by governments of China and Malaysia on bilateral ties Link
- https://mesbar.org/chinas-cooperation-with-southeast-asian-countries-in-the-fight-against-terrorism/
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/08/20/joint-statement-by-governments-of-china-and-malaysia-on-bilateral-ties
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Datuk Seri Nicky had links with ex-Macau triad leader, says IGP Link Over 40,000 members in 49 gangs involved in firearms, murder, drugs and extortion, says Home Ministry: Link Bukit Bintang blast and gang rivalry: Top 10 gangs on Malaysia's watchlist Link WAIT. WHY ARE THERE SO FEW CHINESE GANGSTERS IN MALAYSIA THESE DAYS? Link (I am not sure how credible this portal is)
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2021/03/30/datuk-seri-nicky-had-links-with-ex-macau-triad-leader-says-igp
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/08/29/40000-members-in-gangs-say-home-ministry/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/bukit-bintang-blast-and-gang-rivalry-top-10-gangs-on-malaysias-watchlist
- https://cilisos.my/malaysian-gangster-have-changed-a-lot-since-the-1990s-but-how-did-it-happen/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2022/02/08/us-alleges-china039s-hytera-recruited-ex-motorola-employees-in-malaysia-to-steal-proprietary-trade-data
- https://www.sinchew.com.my/20200917/%E8%AD%A6%E6%96%B9%EF%BC%9A%E7%BE%8E%E9%80%9A%E7%BC%895%E4%B8%AD%E9%AA%87%E5%AE%A2%C2%B72%E9%A9%AC%E5%95%86%E6%B6%89%E4%B8%B2%E8%B0%8B%E8%90%BD%E7%BD%91/
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia warns of Chinese hacking campaign targeting government projects: …The purpose of the attacks has been to infect computers of government officials with malware and then steal confidential documents from government networks, Malaysia's Computer Emergency Response Team (MyCERT) said in a security advisory… Link China-linked hackers have targeted Malaysian government, officials warn Link …Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who took power after an election win in May, will be in China on Friday seeking to renegotiate and possibly cancel billions of dollars worth of Chinese-invested projects authorized by his predecessor, Najib Razak… Link Link (Xi weighs in on United Front work and the private economy; Bytedance, Oracle and Trump ; Taiwan; RMB; Shen Zhihua)
- https://www.zdnet.com/article/malaysia-warns-of-chinese-hacking-campaign-targeting-government-projects/
- https://www.cyberscoop.com/china-malaysia-fireeye-kaspersky/
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-cyber-idUSKBN1L00X8
- https://sinocism.com/p/xi-weighs-in-on-united-front-work
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found on Triads role in threatening Chinese dissidents online. As various Triads are active in the country, it is likely to some extent. Therefore, the influence measure could be 2. Additional notes Triads are mostly found to be engaged in firearms deal, drug deal, real estate and other local businesses. • … Triads 6 is an offshoot of the long existing Chinese triad Hung Meng Hooi. There are a number of Chinese members in Gang 36 but most of them are financial backers involved in real estate and other legal businesses. Gang 36 became active in the 70s and is said to be one of the two gangs responsible for most of the drug dealings in the country… Link Link Link
- https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2013/08/29/40000-members-in-gangs-say-home-ministry/
- http://www.nkkhoo.com/2013/08/30/why-the-big-bosses-behind-these-secret-societies-not-disclose-to-public/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/bukit-bintang-blast-and-gang-rivalry-top-10-gangs-on-malaysias-watchlist
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysian police adopt Chinese AI surveillance technology: …The company's technology can identify a person from its database of 1.8 billion people within 3 seconds with an accuracy of 95%. It has been rolled out in 150 cities in 28 provinces in China, where it is used in public spaces such as airports, banks and hospitals... …The government in Kuala Lumpur last year signed agreements with Chinese telecommunications company Huawei Technologies to explore the use of cloud platforms and intelligent analytics in public security…. Link Authoritarians Are Exporting Surveillance Tech, And With it Their Vision for the Internet: …Within the last year, Chinese companies have been involved in exports of facial recognition tech to regimes in Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, Zimbabwe, and Malaysia… Link
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Chinas-startup-supplies-AI-backed-wearable-cameras-to-Malaysian-police
- https://www.cfr.org/blog/authoritarians-are-exporting-surveillance-tech-and-it-their-vision-internet
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Participation in Police Training is found but no supporting evidence on joint patrol as most of the joint patrol are held along the Mekong river with Thailand, , Laos, Myanmar. A total of 760 foreign officers from Saudi Arabia and ASEAN countries such as Laos, Myanmar, and Malaysia have taken part in the police training programs in Beijing. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong refused entry to Malaysia: … oshua Wong, 18, had been invited to the country to take part in academic talks on democracy in China. He was detained shortly after arriving at an airport on the northern island of Penang and sent back to Hong Kong. Link Hong Kong lawmaker 'Long Hair' denied entry to Malaysia to speak about Tiananmen crackdown Link China pressure suspected as Malaysia bars Hong Kong teen activist Link
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-32882510
- https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/politics/article/1812117/hong-kong-lawmaker-long-hair-detained-malaysias-penang
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-hongkong-democracy-activist-idUSKBN0OB0LY20150526
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Taiwan protests against Malaysia's deportation of fraud suspects to China: … China's official Xinhua news agency said the 21 Taiwanese were among 74 fraud suspects who were escorted from Malaysia by Chinese police and arrived in Wuhan in central China late on Tuesday. The other 53 were all Chinese… Link Taipei says Malaysia deported fraud suspects to Beijing “under pressure from China”: ... Malaysia deported 32 Taiwanese fraud suspects to China Saturday, drawing strong protests from Taipei that the Southeast Asian state had bowed to pressure from Beijing. 32 Taiwanese nationals were taken to China Saturday along with 65 other Chinese nationals, with a plane carrying the suspects landing in Guangzhou… Link Taiwan objects as Malaysia deports Taiwanese citizens to China Link Malaysia deports 74 telecom fraud suspects to China Link
- https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/taiwan-protests-against-malaysias-deportation-of-fraud-suspects-to-china
- https://thediplomat.com/2016/05/taiwan-slams-malaysias-kowtow-to-china-on-deportations/
- https://edition.cnn.com/2016/05/02/asia/taiwan-malaysia-china-deportations/index.html
- https://apnews.com/article/995f0fd6ddd04b1d8e895f0820247ef6
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…In December 2012, Malaysia returned six ethnic Uighurs from China’s restive Western region of Xinjiang, who were seeking asylum from China, Human Rights Watch reported, criticizing Malaysia for putting their lives at risk… Link Malaysia agrees to extradite 11 Uighurs to China: Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-hongkong-democracy-activist-idUSKBN0OB0LY20150526
- https://www.nationthailand.com/international/30338619
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
ARB partners with Chinese telco to undertake smart building projects in Malaysia: …Under the agreement, both parties agreed to collaborate in artificial intelligence, internet of things (IoT) and smart buildings platforms and applications in Malaysia… Link Big Chinese telco in XOX's RM10bil 5G venture? Link
- https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/arb-partners-chinese-telco-undertake-smart-building-projects-malaysia
- https://www.nst.com.my/business/2020/07/609890/big-chinese-telco-xoxs-rm10bil-5g-venture
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
U Mobile taps ZTE to conduct 5G trials in Malaysia Link ZTE Supports Malaysian Mobile Operator webe digital on vEPC Network Deployment Link ZTE INKS MSAN DEAL WITH TELEKOM MALAYSIA Link U Mobile and ZTE Announce Strategic Partnership to Build a 100 Mbps Wireless Network in Malaysia Link …China represents the largest single-country optical spending in Asia Pacific, followed by Japan. Korea and India are fairly close to each other in third and fourth place. The rest of Asia Pacific includes five countries with large capex and optical spending: Australia, Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Taiwan… Link Digi: Accelerating 5G in Malaysia Link Huawei officially lands role in Malaysia's 5G rollout Link
- https://www.telecomasia.net/content/u-mobile-taps-zte-conduct-5g-trials-malaysia/
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/topics/mwc2018/newsdetail.aspx-id=121792757.html
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/350738
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/news/351079
- https://www.lightwaveonline.com/network-design/article/16667365/zte-nec-take-share-in-asia-optical-network-hardware-market
- https://www.zte.com.cn/global/about/magazine/zte-technologies/2020/2-en/vip%20voices/3
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/5G-networks/Huawei-officially-lands-role-in-Malaysia-s-5G-rollout
- https://kr-asia.com/huawei-officially-lands-role-in-malaysias-5g-rollout
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
As per the supporting evidences collated in the above questions, adoption of tech specifications in internet/wifi and 4G/5G cellular network is significant. Malaysia's 4G construction is mainly based on Chinese technology, but according to the decision of the Malaysian government in July 2021, the future 5G construction will be won by Ericsson
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• …Huawei Technologies has officially become a hardware supplier for Malaysia’s 5G network rollout, marking a break for the Chinese telecom equipment provider after it was locked out of several markets over espionage fears. Huawei on Thursday inked a formal agreement with Maxis — one of Malaysia’s major telecommunications companies — to provide 5G radio equipment, services and knowledge to help build the country’s ultrafast network. Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad witnessed the signing ceremony in his office. Link
Supplementary Notes
For 5G network rollout Huawei was formally contracted. Supporting evidences on military tech equipment are not found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…In Malaysia, the government is working with Yitu, a Chinese AI start-up, to bring facial-recognition technology to Kuala Lumpur’s police as a complement to Alibaba’s City Brain platform. Chinese companies also bid to outfit every one of Singapore’s 110,000 lampposts with facial-recognition cameras… Link China’s SenseTime to help build $1bn AI park in Malaysia Link This Chinese facial recognition start-up can identify a person in seconds Link
- https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/09/china-ai-surveillance/614197/
- https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/news/chinas-sensetime-help-build-1bn-ai-park-malaysia/
- https://www.cnbc.com/2019/05/16/this-chinese-facial-recognition-start-up-can-id-a-person-in-seconds.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Alibaba Cloud Launches Malaysia City Brain to Enhance City Management Link Malaysia’s capital will adopt ‘smart city’ platform from Alibaba Link
- https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180128005084/en/Alibaba-Cloud-Launches-Malaysia-City-Brain-to-Enhance-City-Management
- https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/29/malaysia-alibaba-city-brain/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
PBOC, SWIFT to Establish Cross-border Payment Stability: … According to the PBOC, the joint venture will build a localised messaging network to provide financial institutions in China with a more stable, resilient and secure connection to the main SWIFT network… The other shareholders of the venture include CIPS (Cross-border Interbank Payment System), PCAC (Payment & Clearing Association of China) and CNCC (China National Clearing Centre).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kairous Capital wants to bring Chinese tech startups to SEA via Malaysia, plans RMB fund Link Venture Capital Funds in Malaysia Link
- https://www.dealstreetasia.com/stories/kairous-capital-215251/
- https://tracxn.com/d/investor-lists/Venture-Capital-Funds-in-Malaysia
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Interview: Malaysian PM aims "new heights" in bilateral relations for China visit: Aside from a number of opportunities to do business with China, including energy and infrastructure, Najib noted that Malaysia has "welcomed significant investment from China" in innovation and technology. Link Alibaba Cloud Announces Partnership with Xiamen University Malaysia: Link
- http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2016-10/30/content_39599238.htm
- https://www.tmone.com.my/resources/news/tm-inks-agreement-with-huawei-set-to-become-the-only-malaysian-owned-end-to-end-cloud-ai-infrastructure-service-provider/
- https://hostingjournalist.com/alibaba-cloud-announces-partnership-with-xiamen-university-malaysia/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Beijing's Global Megaphone …WeChat is expanding in much of Asia, attracting non-Chinese speakers in countries like the Philippines and India. Malaysia is reportedly home to 20 million users, out of a population of 31 million…. …The growing use of WeChat by both diaspora communities and non-Chinese speakers in settings ranging from Malaysia and Mongolia to Australia and Canada also creates a strong foundation for future CCP election meddling. The app’s design has already been criticized for its tendency to deemphasize the source and credibility of information, aiding the spread of misinformation and making the fight against fake news even more difficult than it is on other social media platforms…. Link 4 million Tiktok user Link. Telegram, WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, Discord: top messaging app as per the web search (app store). Tiktok lite is in the top five list for Android user. Link Top 5 social media platforms by total users in Malaysia Link
- https://freedomhouse.org/report/special-report/2020/beijings-global-megaphone
- https://openmindsresources.com/advertising-to-the-younger-demographic-with-tiktok/#:~:text=Advertising%20to%20the%20Younger%20Demographic%20with%20TikTok,-Content%20Marketing%2C%20Marketing&text=As%20of%202019%2C%20the%20app,under%20the%20age%20of%2030.
- https://sensortower.com/android/rankings/top/mobile/malaysia/social?iap=all&watch_enabled=&rankings_type=free&min_cost=0&max_cost=&date=2021-06-12&show_store_data=true+
- https://blog.silvermouse.com.my/2018/09/top-5-social-media-platforms-malaysia.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
…Optics Valley has also reportedly signed an agreement with the Malaysian Investment Development Authority to jointly construct a ‘BeiDou ASEAN Data and Service Center’ in Malaysia…. Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Johor Bahru – Changzhou Link Klang – Urumqi , Yongzhou Link Kota Kinabalu – Hangzhou, Heyuan, Jiangmen Link Link Kuantan – Qinzhou Link Kuching – Kunming, Quanzhou Link Link Labuan – Xianning Link Malacca city – Haikou, Nanjing Link Miri – Guangning Link Penang Island – Xiamen Link Sibu - Fuqing, Guangning, Gulou (Fuzhou), Gutian, Jintang, Minqing, Nanping, Ningde, Pingnan, Putian, Puyang, Qinghe, Wuyishan Link Tawau – Zhangping Link
- https://english.jschina.com.cn/TodayJiangsu/201611/t20161110_3090708.shtml
- https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2012/04/03/investors-from-china-urged-to-invest-in-malaysia/
- https://harvardwang.com/make-klang-great-again/
- http://fao.hangzhou.gov.cn/col/col1693392/index.html
- http://en.gxzf.gov.cn/2019-11/14/c_424569.htm
- http://english.kmust.edu.cn/html/NewsfhfhfhEvents/2018/01/08/99fdc41a-6f74-484c-a3a2-248fcb1aa360.html
- http://www.enquanzhou.com/2019-11/13/c_426826_2.htm
- http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=116880
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200101010000/http://www.haikou.gov.cn/sq/jrhk/yhcs/index_3.html
- https://kknews.cc/zh-my/education/png9lrp.html
- http://www.xmenglish.cn/en/aboutxm/sistercities/index_1.htm
- https://iluminasi.com/bm/5-bandar-kembar-di-negara-lain-yang-mempunyai-hubungan.html
- https://www.theborneopost.com/2013/06/03/tawau-to-have-sister-city-partnership-with-zhangping-city/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence found. • Based on the close ties between the UMNO and the CPC, it is more likely that politicians from the UMNO party have/had taken trips to PRC et al. but no evidence found online. Some links about their joint commitment, cooperation in the additional notes. Official visits are there but info regarding politicians trips are difficult to trace. • CPC, UMNO vow to promote China-Malaysia ties: Tengku Adnan said that UMNO is willing to deepen communication between the two parties and boost pragmatic cooperation between the two countries in all fields. Link CPC, UMNO vow to advance ties between China, Malaysia: …China is willing to strengthen exchanges between the two ruling parties and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Malaysia to push forward?bilateral ties, Song said…. Link
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201512/t20151211_79886.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201604/t20160412_81801.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chen Zhou Holds a Video Call With Tiong King Sing, Chairman of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Special Envoy of the Malaysian Prime Minister to China Link CPC, UMNO vow to promote China-Malaysia ties Link Guo Yezhou Exchanges Views with Dato Seri Tiong King Sing, President of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Prime Minister’s Special Envoy to China, via Videolink Link Guo Yezhou Meets with Malaysia’s Special Envoy to China and National Chairman of the Democratic Action Party Link Song Tao Meets with Adviser to the PKR of Malaysia and Deputy Prime Minister Link Song Tao Meets with DAP Delegation of Malaysia Link Song Tao Meets with Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia Link Wang Chen Meets with Study Group of Parliament Members of Malaysia’s Ruling Coalition Link Wang Yi Talks about the Eight-point Consensus of China and Malaysia Link
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202105/t20210512_145869.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201512/t20151211_79886.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202009/t20200909_139694.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201904/t20190430_100316.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201907/t20190712_100908.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201808/t20180829_97588.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201810/t20181030_98179.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190910_101269.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824141.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… Our Partner, Dato’ Teh Tai Yong was selected to attend the 8th China-ASEAN Legal Training Base organized by the China Law Society. The participants of this training base were judges, judicial officers, legal consultants, lawyers from 8 ASEAN countries, i.e. Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Philippines… … our firm signed a Framework Agreement of Legal Practice Cooperation with the China-ASEAN Legal Research Centre (a legal research division established under the China Law Society) based in Chongqing, China. Our firm is the FIRST law firm in Malaysia which signed the Framework Agreement with the China-ASEAN Legal Research Centre… Link Lawyer from Malaysia, visiting and training in Nanning, China Link Under China-ASEAN Law Research Centre, ASEAN-China Centre, China-ASEAN Legal Corporation Centre, such trainings, capacity enhancement are taking place. • 6th Training Course of the China-ASEAN Legal Training Base Link Launch of China-ASEAN Legal Cooperation Center (CALCC) Malaysia Office 2017 Link …Proposed by the China Law Society (CLS) last September at a China-ASEAN legal forum held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, the center was co-organized by CLS-affiliated China Law Center of Academic Exchanges, Beijing Dacheng Law Firm and the Hainan Provincial Arbitration Committee…. Link
- http://tehkimteh.com/establishment/
- http://rickytan.com.my/index.php/activity-updates/67-lawyer-from-malaysia,-visiting-and-training-in-nanning,-china
- https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/cms/upload_files/document/6th%20Training%20Course%20of%20the%20China%20ASEAN%20Legal%20Training%20Base.pdf
- http://www.asean-china-center.org/english/2016-04/01/c_135243458.htm
- http://rickytan.com.my/index.php/activity-updates/78-launch-of-china-asean-legal-cooperation-center-calcc-malaysia-office-2017
- http://en.people.cn/90883/7769771.html
- https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/cms/upload_files/document/Circular%20No%20290-2020.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supporting evidence indirectly indicating the misuse of funds by the Najib govt must have used those graft cases related funds in the campaigns. Malaysia Suspects Chinese Cash Paid Troubled Fund’s Debt Link …Malaysia’s landmark 2018 general elections ended 61 years of rule by the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, allowing an opposition party, the Pakatan Harapan (PH), to govern for the first time in the country’s history. The outcome reflected widespread discontent with BN Prime Minister Najib Razak’s corruption scandals — in which China played a key role… Link
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/malaysia-suspects-chinese-cash-paid-troubled-funds-debt-1533067876
- https://www.iri.org/sites/default/files/chinese_malign_influence_report.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
For example, the ruling party criticized the opposition MPs for responding to the international joint statement against Hong Kong National Security Law, which the statement is initiated by the last Hong Kong Governor, Christopher Patten, and former British Foreign Secretary, Malcolm Rifkind
- https://www.hk01.com/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90/186522/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BE%86%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%B8-%E4%B8%AD%E8%B3%87%E7%88%AD%E8%AD%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%A6%AC%E5%9C%8B%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%9B%B9%E5%9C%84
- https://www.thenewslens.com/article/135656
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
Skip
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence could be found
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Wang Guobao Link China’s Private Military And Security Companies: ‘Chinese Muscle’ And Reasons For US Engagement – Analysis Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/chinese-private-security-contractors-new-trends-and-future-prospects/
- https://www.eurasiareview.com/07072020-chinas-private-military-and-security-companies-chinese-muscle-and-reasons-for-us-engagement-analysis/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Parliamentary Friendship Groups Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysian Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin Meets with Wang Yi Link Wang Yi Talks about the Eight-point Consensus of China and Malaysia Link Wang Yi Meets with Malaysian Foreign Minister Dato' Seri Hishammuddin Tun Hussein Link State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi Speaks with Malaysian Foreign Minister Hishammuddin Hussein on the Phone Link Wang Yi Meets Finance Minister Lim Guan Eng of Malaysia Link Wang Yi Holds Talks with Foreign Minister Saifuddin Abdullah of Malaysia Link Wang Yi Meets with Foreign Minister Anifah Aman of Malaysia Link He Guoqiang arrives in Malaysia for visit to boost ties Link Chen Zhou Holds a Video Call With Tiong King Sing, Chairman of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Special Envoy of the Malaysian Prime Minister to China Link Guo Yezhou Exchanges Views with Dato Seri Tiong King Sing, President of Progressive Democratic Party of Malaysia and Prime Minister’s Special Envoy to China, via Videolink Link Wang Chen Meets with Study Group of Parliament Members of Malaysia’s Ruling Coalition Link Song Tao Meets with Adviser to the PKR of Malaysia and Deputy Prime Minister Link Li Xi Meets with Prime Minister of Malaysia Link Guo Yezhou Meets with Malaysia’s Special Envoy to China and National Chairman of the Democratic Action Party Link Song Tao Meets with Former Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia Link Song Tao Meets with DAP Delegation of Malaysia Link Shen Beili Meets with DAP Deputy Secretary-General of Malaysia and Minister of Primary Industries Link
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824138.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824141.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1824139.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1804816.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1582819.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1582452.shtml
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1483163.shtml
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/resources/reports/2012/asia/201405/t20140515_6332.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202105/t20210512_145869.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/202009/t20200909_139694.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201909/t20190910_101269.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201907/t20190712_100908.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201906/t20190620_100626.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201904/t20190430_100316.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201810/t20181030_98179.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201808/t20180829_97588.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201807/t20180731_97417.html
- https://www.idcpc.org.cn/english/news/201512/t20151211_79886.html
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sri Lanka, Malaysia ink 3 agreements for bilateral cooperation: …The agreements will cover areas such as e-commerce, e-courts, international forums, military training, diplomatic training and intelligence exchange to curb drugs and human smuggling… Link ...With the support of Chinese enterprises in Malaysia, about 19,000 Malaysian employees have received technical training in recent years, and the scale of this kind of training will continue to expand in the future… Link (all employees may not be the government officials).
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2017-12/18/c_136835361.htm
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/ce/cemy/eng/sgxx/dsjh/t1668418.htm
Supplementary Notes
Compared to other SEA countries like Cambodia and Thailand, the supporting evidence on this trend is few as it might be because of the less exchanges/cooperation on the training of Malaysian officials.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia didn’t sign the letter to UNHRC re Xinjiang and Human Rights , denied sending back Uyghurs , issues diplomatic note of protest regarding China’s intrusion in South China Sea etc. are some examples of Malaysia’s firm stance however this information may indicate to some pressures at some point of time. …Malaysia has been standing up to China more and more, canceling several joint projects since the Pakatan Harapan coalition took power earlier this year. This might soon translate to human rights issues. A telling moment came earlier this year, when likely future Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim spoke publicly in support of Uyghurs, making him one of the first Muslim political leaders anywhere in the world to do so. The government even followed up rhetoric with action, letting a groups of Uyghur asylum seekers go to Turkey rather than be deported to China, despite the latter’s protests, and reversing the policy of the previous government… Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/the-22-vs-50-diplomatic-split-between-the-west-and-china-over-xinjiang-and-human-rights/
- https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3109885/malaysia-stands-firm-uygur-deportations-risking-chinas-wrath-and
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57328868
Answered by 2 anonymous experts, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No supporting evidence found.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
… According to a diplomatic source quoted by French newspaper Le Monde, there was “intense Chinese pressure” on other FAO ambassadors to get Qu elected. African candidate, Médi Moungui from Cameroon, abandoned the race after receiving a bribe of €62 million, the source claimed… Link
- https://www.euractiv.com/section/agriculture-food/news/chinas-qu-dongyu-beats-eu-candidate-for-fao-leadership/
- https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-china-is-taking-over-international-organizations-one-vote-at-a-time-11601397208
Supplementary Notes
• Pressures may have been exerted but there are no evidence of Malaysian authority supporting PRC candidacy.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Oppose
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
South China Sea dispute: Malaysia accuses China of breaching airspace Link Malaysia says China's maritime claims have no legal basis: ... In a letter to the United Nations, Malaysia has stated that China's maritime claims in the South China Sea have no legal basis, potentially signaling that Kuala Lumpur is hardening its stance… Link …Given the uncertainty in U.S.-China relations after Covid-19, Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia are reluctant to make any decisions that could result in them being caught between the two giants. An increasingly antagonistic relationship between China and the United States will only hinder cooperation in the region and worsen the situation in the South China Sea, as every action is seen as a provocation…. Link
- https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-57328868
- https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/South-China-Sea/Malaysia-says-China-s-maritime-claims-have-no-legal-basis
- https://amti.csis.org/malaysias-rationale-and-response-to-south-china-sea-tensions/
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Oppose
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• Understanding Malaysia’s careful stance on Uyghur Muslims …This fall, an exchange in the Malaysian parliament made explicit the country’s stance that it will not extradite any Uyghur refugees to China even if there is an official request from Beijing. Malaysia’s position may have been the result of domestic pressures, including popular demands for an end to China’s mass detention of Uyghur Muslims… … In the past, Malaysia has defied China’s calls to extradite Uighur refugees. In 2018, Malaysia freed 11 Uyghurs from prison and sent them to Turkey despite an extradition request from China. For years, Uyghurs Muslims fleeing China have used Malaysia to reach other countries, particularly Turkey. Between 2010 and 2016, as many as 10,000 Uyghurs reached Turkey via Southeast Asia. Zachary Abuza, professor of Southeast Asian studies at the National War College in the US, says that Malaysia “has long been an important node in the underground railway for Uyghurs seeking to escape to Turkey.”… … In 2019, Malaysia refused to sign a letter to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights that condemned China’s mass detention of Uyghurs… Link Malaysia to probe rights violations against Uighurs … “Malaysia will neither blindly support any reports provided by the Chinese government nor openly criticize China,” Abdullah told reporters according to Malaysia-based English language newspaper the New Straits Times… Link Malaysia’s New Govt Says it Won’t Hand Over Uyghur Refugees to China …Although the government believes every country has the right to solve its internal problems as it chooses, the government also believes Uyghurs are being oppressed in China, so it won’t send them back there, said Redzuan Md Yusof, minister in the Prime Minister’s Department…. Link Silence on Uyghurs because China is powerful – Mahathir Link In KL, hundreds of Muslims protest against China’s treatment of Uighurs Link
- https://www.aseantoday.com/2020/12/quiet-defiance-understanding-malaysias-careful-stance-on-uyghur-muslims/
- https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/malaysia-to-probe-rights-violations-against-uighurs/1687250
- https://www.rfa.org/english/news/uyghur/malaysia-china-09042020194348.html
- https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/493663
- https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/12/27/in-kl-hundreds-of-muslims-protest-against-chinas-treatment-of-uighurs/1822584
Supplementary Notes
Though the government is trying to remain neutral/silent in this case the treatment with Uyghurs in Malaysia, public pressure shows the government is against the treatment to them by PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Malaysia reiterated its commitment to the One China Policy in the JOINT STATEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA on 20 AUGUST 2018, BEIJING. Link
Supplementary Notes
• No evidence of its support in PRC stance found but it can be implied that the government take it as an internal affair of the PRC as it has committed to adhere to the one China policy.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
• No supporting evidence on its support or denouncement are found Why most Asian countries have not spoken out against Hong Kong’s national security law Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.