Ecuador
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Ecuador had a GDP per capita of U $5,935 and a total population of 17.88 million people. There is no information available on the Chinese population in the country.
Ecuador established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1980. Ecuador was ranked 68th in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 71/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media5.6% / 30.1%
- Academia15.9% / 34%
- Economy27.3% / 33.6%
- Society6.8% / 23.6%
- Military18.2% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement29.5% / 30.2%
- Technology56.8% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics25.0% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy31.8% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Se ha encontrado información en el sitio web de World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) que dice que dos de los miembros de la organización son de ecuador《 厄瓜多尔华人社区》,《 华人》月刊,《 华人》周报. Estos dos medios de comunicación han enviado miembros a participar en la Cumbre Internacional de Medios Chinos; aun así no ha sido posible comprobar si dichos medios pertenecen o no a la organización World Chinese Media.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existen reportes ni sobre media en tv (link 1), ni en otro medio (link 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 2 anonymous experts.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Skip
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
No existen registros entre los años 2020 y 2022, a causa de la pandemia. China tampoco ha recibido a periodistas por tema de Pandemia, a excepción de aquellos que viajan a cubrir visitas oficiales. En este periodo no viajaron reporteros invitados y costeados por el Gobierno de la República Popular de China, la última comitiva estuvo integrada por el presidente de la Republica y ministros de Estado.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se reporta en el periodo de estudio entrenamiento directo por las instituciones mencionadas; pero si becas entrenamiento en SENESCYT (digital) como el registrado en 2022 (ver link 1), Becas que son otorgadas por el gobierno de PCR.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Los canales chinos están disponibles a través de operadoras de TV por cable privado y/o suscripciones "gold", por lo cual se sugiere que estos medios audiovisuales tienen poco impacto en estratos socioeconómicos medios y bajos. Otros medios, como Xinhua español disponibles en red.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se reportan datos, ni existen registros sobre que existan medios de comunicación con propietarios totales o parciales chinos. Existen pequeños periódicos de asociaciones de amistad, pero son de propiedad conjunta de chinos de ultramar (diáspora china).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existen registros actuales, los últimos fueron sobre acuerdos suscritos con el anterior Gobierno ecuatoriano en el año 2016 para la transmisión de telenovelas, series y películas chinas (ver link 1). Por ejemplo “el convenio fue entre Zhi Liming (representante de oficina de comunicación de China) y “En el Ojo Films”. Esta última es una productora con sede en Quito y tiene más de 10 años de experiencia. En su trayectoria resaltan sus trabajos para la Secretaría Nacional de Comunicación (Secom), para la Presidencia de la República, así como para otras entidades y proyectos promocionales del gobierno” (link1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existe dicha práctica ni son frecuentes en periódicos, redes sociales o noticia online de ecuador (ver enlaces 1 y 2). Tampoco en redes sociales, incluso con páginas relacionadas a intereses chinos se encuentran anuncios de “regular PRC state-media or government advertisements” (ver enlace 2).
- https://www.primicias.ec/
- https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/entretenimiento/artistas-conciertos-comercio-primera-temporada.html
- https://www.facebook.com/groups/2393059611008401
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No se registran datos, ni antes, ni durante los años considerados en este cuestionario (ver falta de datos en link 1 y 2 como ejemplo).
- https://www.google.com/search?q=peridoista+ecuatoriano+explusado+en+china&rlz=1C1CHBD_esEC886EC886&oq=peridoista+ecuatoriano+explusado+en+china&aqs=chrome..69i57j33i10i160.8255j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
- https://www.bing.com/search?q=ecuadorian+journalist+got+denied+visa+in+China&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=ecuadorian+journalist+got+denied+visa+in+china&sc=0-46&sk=&cvid=3AAEA9AA42EF49B984E57D2F388F374B
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No se han reportado, incluso se puede observar el caso del periodista y hoy asambleísta Fernando Villavicencio, que no ha sufrido presiones, ni censuras de media outlets pese a fuertes denuncias realizadas.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existe discusión pública sobre el tema concreto de abuso derechos humanos en China (por ejemplo, ver falta de debate sobre el tema ejemplos link 1y 2; Lo que existe en medios liberales y conservadores es sobre la temática de derechos humanos en el caso Ecuador lo cual lo hacen sin censura (Ver ejemplo link 3).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Existe enseñanza idioma chino en colegios privados, pero no como política pública, no se reporta subvención de la RPC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
En la página web sugerida no se reporta nada para el caso Ecuador, en los otros enlaces señalados para esta pregunta, tampoco existen reportes sobre alguna universidad o instituto de Ecuador.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No se encuentra reportes sobre estos temas.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Existen becas de la RPC, pero estas son procesadas por el órgano oficial del estado ecuatoriano Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Ecuador (Senescyt), Cabe destacar que, desde que inicio la pandemia, las becas del Estado chino dirigidas a nacionales ecuatorianos son de carácter virtual. No obstante, en el convenio bilateral sobre este tema, se deja en evidencia que los gastos de los cursos corren por cuenta por el gobierno del país asiático.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe ningún reporte de censura de ninguna opinión o actividad pública o privada en el Ecuador por parte de ninguna instancia pública o privada de RPC. Tampoco se ha registrado ninguna organización o actividad de asociaciones de estudiantes chinos en Ecuador
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
no existen reportes de ningún nacional ecuatoriano, académico o periodista que haya sido impedido de viajar a China por críticas políticas o de otro tipo. No existen tampoco visitas turismo o estadía corta desde la pandemia. Cabe recordar que para visitas de turismo existe también un acuerdo entre dos países sin necesidad de visas formales (ver enlace “1”).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen programas académicos orientados a la educación de pregrado o posgrado. Lo que existe es mayormente investigación e idiomas como ya se ha visto en otros enlaces. Como ejemplo se puede ver el enlace 1, donde se registra los programas académicos aprobados, donde no se reporta programas acerca de los cursos objeto de esta pregunta.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe evidencia que justifique esta posibilidad en Ecuador.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
El principal socio comercial de Ecuador es Estados Unidos de América.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
A pesar de créditos y construcción del servicio integrado de seguridad Ecu911, el manejo del centro y de la información es del Estado ecuatoriano (ver link 1). En el caso de la planta eléctrica Coca Codo (y otras de menor envergadura), también es vía crédito, pero el control y operación la tiene el estado ecuatoriano.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://bit.ly/3x36TGt
- https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2019/11/02/nota/7585748/se-formaliza-adhesion-ecuador-banco-asiatico/
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/2021/05/21/ecuador-y-el-banco-asiatico-de-inversion-en-infraestructura-baii-analizan-alternativas-para-apoyar-la-recuperacion-economica-del-pais/
Supplementary Notes
Incluso ya he existido conversaciones sobre cooperación, pos-acuerdo ver enlace 3.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre el tema ni en la página de la Cámara de Comercio China-Ecuador, ni en la página de la “Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce”.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre el tema, especialmente porque no existe en la sociedad civil ni entre empresarios el (re)conocimiento sobre estas temáticas.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
- https://dialogochino.net/es/comercio-y-inversiones-es/tlc-propuesto-ecuador-china-oportunidades-preocupaciones/
- http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/english/fta_qianshu.shtml
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/economia/contratos-petroleros-china-confidenciales-ecuador/
- https://www.primicias.ec/noticias/economia/china-pone-dificiles-condiciones-para-creditos-ecuador/
Supplementary Notes
Aun cuando los préstamos chinos no han establecido pagos colaterales con espacios de tierras u obras de infraestructura, reportes señalan que existen dos mecanismos de préstamos relacionados a petróleo, unos los denominados Loans for oil (presente también con otros estados), y otros donde se reporta que se han establecido garantías de pago de créditos con petróleo. Esta modalidad es aplicada por la RPC, su Banco de Desarrollo y algunas de sus empresas petroleras.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
En 2010 se reporta ya la Asociación de Promoción de la Reunificación Pacífica de Ecuador y China en el directorio de Asociaciones de Promoción de la Reunificación Pacífica Nacionales y Extranjeras (ver link 1), en 2013, se llevó a cabo un encuentro en la ciudad de Guayaquil (ver link 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se encuentran reportes en el link 1, ni tampoco incluso vinculando el nombre del País y esa asociación en lenguaje chino (link 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre el tema en los últimos años; varias de las centrales de trabajadores como frente unitario de trabajadores por influencia marxista e incluso maoísta, plantean que la RPC reproduce un tipo de imperialismo de corte capitalista. Nuevas fracciones sindicales, fundadas en el gobierno de expresidente Correa, pudieron haber estado alineados a las relaciones bilaterales amigables propuestas por ese gobierno, pero no se reportan visitas de este tipo, más aún después de 2020.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes, y la comunidad diáspora, según informante calificado chino -ecuatoriano de 3era o cuarta generación, han comentado que las fiestas tienen un carácter cerrado frente a personas que no sean parte reconocidas de las asociaciones o comunidades.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Existe evidencia sobre actividades realizadas por la Corporación de Mujeres Ecuatorianas Amigas de la República Popular China en el año 2020. Dichas actividades fueron principalmente culturales y fueron reseñadas en un suplemento publicado por la Embajada de la RPC en Quito (link 2). También fue posible ubicar evidencia que nos permite afirmar que dicha organización realiza actividades desde el 2014 (link 1). Sin embargo, ésta coporación no es influyente en el país.
- http://women.fjsen.com/2014-09/25/content_14942782.htm
- https://issuu.com/suplementosgec/docs/embajada_de_china_2019web
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se encuentra ningún tipo de reporte de esta actividad en Ecuador
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes desde 2017 sobre este tema, cuando Ecuador TV paso a administración de otro gobierno y no se continuó una relación estrecha, tal como se había realizado antes de 2017 y señalado en una pregunta anterior.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen productos culturales en este nivel que se orienten a presentar una determinada imagen sobre la RPC, dado el poco conocimiento sobre la realidad de oriente en general y de China en particular, sólo algunas revistas de tv ocasionalmente antes de pandemia presentaron alguna imagen de la modernización y cultura tradicional de China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen registros de alguna celebridad ecuatoriana que publique o comparta la narrativa oficial de PCR, e incluso no existe celebridades que presenten o tengan intención manifiesta de hablar sobre China.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/2022/02/18/presidente-lasso-informo-sobre-los-importantes-resultados-de-las-reuniones-mantenidas-en-china/
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/2022/02/18/medios-chinos-recogen-las-noticias-mas-importantes-de-la-visita-del-presidente-guillermo-lasso-a-china/
Supplementary Notes
Apenas las relacionadas a intereses comunes como el TLC propuesto por el gobierno de Guillermo Lasso, o sobre la Franja y Ruta.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre medición de percepciones positivas o negativas de los ciudadanos ecuatorianos sobre el gobierno de la RPC; sin embargo, existe una fuerte presencia de críticas a la relación con China, especialmente en prensa y varios sectores políticos referentes a: a) la devastación por pesca en las islas Galápagos; b) la percepción sobre preventa petrolera que ha significado perjuicio y endeudamiento extremo al ecuador, c) una supuesta hipoteca del país por créditos chinos, d) una acción voraz en el mundo d ellos negocios especialmente mineros, etc. Últimamente ha existido posiciones más amigables por el tema de la cooperación en vacunas covid-19 y otras medias para la pandemia. (Ejemplos de reportes negativos en estudios y reportajes nacionales e internacionales en link 1 y 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Desde 2020, no se reporta este tipo de actividad, lo último fueron donaciones en 2016 de 100.000 fusiles tipo AK-47, que incluso estuvieron a punto de ser chatarrizados en 2021, y luego se planteó utilizar material para entrenamiento (ver link 1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Ecuador no tiene la capacidad de exportación de armas y menos para un ejército más sofisticado, como el chino.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No ha existido declaración sobre ningún establecimiento de bases, ni siquiera durante el éxtasis de la relación bilateral entre 2007-2017. La constitución ecuatoriana (2008) además prohíbe la presencia de bases extranjeras en territorio ecuatoriano.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe reportes, y la constitución no permite este tipo de presencia, ni de bases extranjeras (enlace 1, constitución Art. 5, p. 17: “El Ecuador es un territorio de paz. No se permitirá el establecimiento de bases militares extranjeras ni de instalaciones extranjeras con propósitos militares. Se prohíbe ceder bases militares nacionales a fuerzas armadas o de seguridad extranjeras”. También en: Título VIII Relaciones Internacionales Capítulo primero Principios de las relaciones internacionales Art. 416, numeral 4, p. 183.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Sí, pero no en la actualidad, ya que los reportes pueden ir hasta 2016; en el enlace 1 se habla del caso de 2014, donde la visita de ex ministro de defensa del Ecuador se orientó a convenios de “formación del personal militar ecuatoriano en China, además de en Ecuador por parte de, por ejemplo, instructores de artes marciales o de profesores de chino para enseñar este idioma en la universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas”.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No reportes sobre entrenamiento, pero si sobre seminarios en contexto de oferta de seminario virtual, como plantea en el link 1, en julio de 2021: “China presidió el Seminario Virtual de China-América Latina sobre las Operaciones de Mantenimiento de Paz de las Naciones Unidad con los 10 países de América Latina, donde participan las FF.AA. del Ecuador…”
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
Existen rumores sobre adquisición de taladros de Petróleo a favor de empresas de servicios petroleras relacionadas al expresidente Lucio Gutiérrez y su hermano entonces congresista (ambos militares retirados), pero no se ha podido acceder a fuentes oficiales.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes de ningún tipo sobre este tema; existe una tradición hacia la cooperación hemisférica, con Europa e incluso Israel, que se ha retomado plenamente especialmente en los últimos años, y en el 2022 por amenazas trasnacionales del crimen organizado.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existen este tipo de ejercicios en Ecuador, ni en países vecinos, hasta 2017, y mucho menos después, donde le Ecuador inicia un proceso de realineamiento a la perspectiva de seguridad hemisférica.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen acuerdos firmados entre ambos países en materia de lucha contra el terrorismo; la única mención establecida es posible encontrarla en el punto 2.3 de la “DECLARACIÓN CONJUNTA ENTRE LA REPÚBLICA POPULAR CHINA Y LA REPÚBLICA DEL ECUADOR SOBRE EL ESTABLECIMIENTO DE LA ASOCIACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA”, la cual data del año 2015 (enlace 1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Se reporta hasta 2009 en link 1. Y en 2014 en link 2. A partir de ahí, y en 2020-2021, no se encuentran reportes sobre la temática.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre el tema, adicionalmente se debe mencionar que la actividad privada del Ecuador en términos industriales y tecnológicos es dependiente de países del Norte y de países como China, Japón, etc.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Aunque no existen reportes directos en el país, pero si la sospecha en medios especializados de acciones sobre varios países incluidos el Ecuador (ver enlace 1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre amenazas o uso de fuerza sobre disidentes chinos.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes ni ningún tipo de convenio en el nivel policial de este tipo.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes ni en el periodo 2007-2017, ni en años posteriores.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se ha reportado deportaciones a ciudadanos Taiwaneses a China, ni en medios locales ni internacionales.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes sobre deportaciones desde este tipo; al contrario, existen reportes recientes (2021) de que Ecuador garantiza refugio a ciudadanos chinos (ver enlace 1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://bit.ly/3mfmpde
- https://www.expreso.ec/actualidad/economia/nokia-desplaza-huawei-desplegar-red-5g-ecuador-100008.html
Supplementary Notes
Ha habido intenciones pero que no se llegaron a concretar, o desarrollar, en el caso del proyecto Yachay sobre 4g con China se hicieron acercamientos desde 2015 (ver enlace 1) pero NO se materializó. En 2021, hubo la intención de desarrollar el 5g con una firma China, pero finalmente ésta también fue cambiada por la intención de buscar otro socio (ver enlace 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/marker-749
- https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/JIPA/journals/Volume-01_Issue-1/07-F-Ellis.pdf
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Didi es la empresa emergente estrella reportada, no se ha registrado otro operando en Ecuador.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
No se reportan anuncios públicos de desarrollo tecnológico concreto en el campo, existen dos casos que pueden ser mencionados como relacionados indirectamente 1) El memorando de entendimiento de 2018 donde se plantea “el interés de la Contraloría de Ecuador - organismo de control- para apoyar el desarrollo de la agenda de la comisión de Big data de la Intosai presidida por China” ( ver link 1), y esfuerzos de intercambio de ciencia y tecnología incluido TICS, firmado en 2014, y operando hasta cambio de gobierno de 2017, con enfasis en appyar especialmente a universidad Yachay de Ecuador , que no prosperaron (ver link 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Desde el 2020 (e incluso desde 2017), se firmaron muy pocos acuerdos en los niveles subnacionales del Ecuador, por ejemplo (enlace 1), incluso en el caso del municipio de Quito, tras la salida del alcalde, no ha quedado claro si continuarán esta y otras negociaciones.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://bit.ly/3an2fLS
- https://revistademanabi.com/tag/ciudades-hermanas/
- https://bit.ly/3O6J5Zh
- https://bit.ly/3zdhfGh
- https://www.wikiwand.com/zh-hant/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E6%88%96%E5%A7%90%E5%A6%B9%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8
- http://www.gzfao.gov.cn/ztlm/yhcs/content/post_136607.html#:~:text=%E6%AD%A4%E5%A4%96%EF%BC%8C%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%9B%A2%E8%BF%98%E4%B8%8E,%E5%B8%82%E5%BB%BA%E7%AB%8B%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E3%80%82
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/presidente-guillermo-lasso-viajara-a-china-con-una-comitiva-de-diez-personas-nota/
- http://www.ecuadorchequea.com/china-costeara-la-estadia-de-la-comitiva-ecuatoriana-en-visita-oficial/
Supplementary Notes
En 2020, 2021, no se reportan viajes que pudieran ser cercanos a este indicador (por ejemplo, viajes por capacitación, encuentro académicos o de visita para conocer el sistema económico político), debido a la pandemia. Los viajes oficiales han sido costeados por parte del gobierno del Ecuador (ver enlace 1, y enlace 2); aunque se reporta en el enlace 2, una información contradictoria, donde el último viaje de presidente ecuatoriano tendría también algún tipo de cobertura del gobierno anfitrión (enlace 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/politica/presidente-guillermo-lasso-viajara-a-china-con-una-comitiva-de-diez-personas-nota/
- https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/viaje-lasso-china-ecuador-deuda-jueos-olimpicos.html
Supplementary Notes
La visita oficial realizado por el presidente Lasso y su comitiva se reporta haber la principal en 2021-2022 (enlace 1). No se reportan más visitas significativas, pero esta es de alto nivel e incluso orientada a TLC y renegociación plazo de deuda. (enlace 2).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes. Desde hace décadas, y más aún en los últimos 4 años, por ejemplo, se ha promovido la cooperación interhemisférica (ver enlace “1”.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe ningún reporte de financiamiento a ninguna campaña, ni para políticos, ni partidos políticos originado en la PRC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No se han identificado grupos reportados con conexiones al UFWD que realicen estas actividades concretas, incluso organizaciones que podrían estar relacionadas (ejemplo Cámaras de Comercio, Instituto Confucio, etc.) no han realizado esta actividad.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existe ningún tipo de reporte sobre este tema, ni del organismo concreto ni ningún organismo formal e informal de la RPC.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
La postura del presidente Lasso se basa en el interés por establecer un Tratado de Libre Comercio entre China y Ecuador.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
No existen reportes en este ámbito, tan solo un caso relacionado a una posición académica pero no altamente lucrativa.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://wilma.ec/grupo-de-interparlamentario-de-amistad-entre-china-y-ecuador/
- https://twitter.com/panchojimenezs/status/1438556001750462477
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sólo se reportan dichas visitas, en el enlace 1 se evidencia que esta fue por temas de cooperación no de diálogo político.
- https://confirmado.net/2021/12/09/embajada-de-china-intensifica-su-labor-social-en-ecuador/
- https://twitter.com/panchojimenezs/status/1438556001750462477
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existen reportes sobre el tema en los años 2020, 2021, 2022, el último y único sobre administración pública y gobernanza fue en 2018.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No se encontraron reportes o datos al respecto. En medios sociales relacionados al perfil aquí analizado.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No hay reportes algunos en años anteriores, ni en los años del presente cuestionario.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existe registro sobre este tema en las minutas(ver link 1) habiendo revisados los docs: EB149/2021/REC/1 / EB148/2021/REC/1 / EB147/2020/REC/1* / EBSS5/2020/REC/1 / EB146/2020/REC/1 / WHASS2/2021/REC/1 / WHA74/2021/REC/1 / WHA73/2020/REC/1
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
no existen reportes, aún en estudios generales sobre relaciones bilaterales de carácter crítico (ver enlace 1).
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
El gobierno no se pronuncia sobre el tema (ver ejemplo link 1 y 2). No hay reporte de ningún tipo de pronunciamiento, Solamente existe muy pocos análisis académicos de la estrategia china en esa región marítima, pero nada oficial (ver enlace 3).
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/?s=China
- https://www.cancilleria.gob.ec/china/relacion-bilateral/
- https://revistas.flacsoandes.edu.ec/urvio/article/view/4381
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existe reportes sobre el tema (ejemplo ver link 1). También la población en general y los funcionarios públicos tienen muy poco conocimiento sobre la problemática.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Silence
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No se reporta ningún dato relacionado al tema, lo cual ratifica el silencio del gobierno, pero también de otros actores políticos y mediáticos.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No existe reportes sobre el tema (ejemplo ver link 1). No se reporta pronunciamiento de gobierno ecuatoriano ni a favor ni en contra.
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.