North Macedonia

$6,720.9
2.06M
Ranking
81/ 82
Original Score

* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.

35/ 388
Executive partner
BIRN Ltd
Index Year
2022
Layer Scores

The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.

Exposure

12%

Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.

Pressure

0%

Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.

Effect

6%

Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.

In 2021, North Macedonia had a GDP per capita of US$6,713 and a total estimated population of 2.06 million people. According to the last official census in 2021, the Chinese population totalled 8 people, or 0.00043% of the total population.

North Macedonia established diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China in 1993. North Macedonia was ranked 57th in Reporters Without Borders 2021 World Press Freedom Index, and listed as Partly Free in Freedom House’s 2021 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 66/100.

Domain Scores
Country Percentage
Index Average

Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.

  • Media
    0.0% / 30.1%
  • Academia
    10.0% / 34%
  • Economy
    18.2% / 33.6%
  • Society
    2.3% / 23.6%
  • Military
    9.1% / 23.4%
  • Law Enforcement
    0.0% / 30.2%
  • Technology
    9.1% / 40.8%
  • Domestic Politics
    15.9% / 37.2%
  • Foreign Policy
    15.9% / 41%

Media

The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.

1.
Exposure

In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.

No

Answer ( 0 / 4 )

More

Skipped

2 countries chose this answer

0/ No

42 countries chose this answer

1/ Few, but insignificant

19 countries chose this answer

2/ More than a few, but insignificant

4 countries chose this answer

3/ Few, but significant

13 countries chose this answer

4/ More than a few, and significant

2 countries chose this answer

80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

Not Found

      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

      Hide
      2.
      Exposure

      In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).

      No

      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

      More

      Skipped

      1 countries chose this answer

      0/ No

      39 countries chose this answer

      1/ Few, but insignificant

      23 countries chose this answer

      2/ More than a few, but insignificant

      4 countries chose this answer

      3/ Few, but significant

      14 countries chose this answer

      4/ More than a few, and significant

      1 countries chose this answer

      81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

      Not Found

          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

          Hide
          3.
          Exposure

          In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.

          Skip

          More

          Skipped

          11 countries chose this answer

          0/ No

          15 countries chose this answer

          1/ Few, but insignificant

          15 countries chose this answer

          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

          5 countries chose this answer

          3/ Few, but significant

          23 countries chose this answer

          4/ More than a few, and significant

          13 countries chose this answer

          71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator

          Supporting Evidence

          1. https://znm.org.mk/pretstavniczi-na-znm-na-sredba-so-prets/

          Supplementary Notes

          Over the past three decades of North Macedonia’s independence there has only been one big organised visit of Macedonian journalists to China, which happened in 1996. This has happened after in 1994 and 1995, two Chinese journalistic groups had visited North Macedonia The visit of journalists from China and a subsequent visit of Macedonian journalists there had happened through a cooperation between the All-China Journalists Association and North Macedonia’s biggest Journalists Association of Macedonia, ZNM. The two maintain cooperation and sporadic visits of delegations. The last one happened in 2017 when a Chinese delegation has visited ZNM (see the URL above). It was generally hard to pinpoint whether smaller group or individual visits by Macedonian journalists to China paid by PRC have happened ever since 1996. Experts consulted told us that the Macedonian State News Agency, MIA, has a bilateral cooperation agreement with Xinhua and that as a result several MIA journalists have attended visits to China. This happened in the years before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The last trip of MIA journalists to China happened in 2019, and had been facilitated and paid for by the Chinese Embassy in North Macedonia. Since the pandemic hit, there have been no similar visits.

            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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            4.
            Exposure

            In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.

            No

            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

            More

            Skipped

            3 countries chose this answer

            0/ No

            37 countries chose this answer

            1/ Few, but insignificant

            16 countries chose this answer

            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

            2 countries chose this answer

            3/ Few, but significant

            14 countries chose this answer

            4/ More than a few, and significant

            10 countries chose this answer

            79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

            Not Found

                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                Hide
                5.
                Exposure

                In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.

                No

                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                More

                Skipped

                1 countries chose this answer

                0/ No

                24 countries chose this answer

                1/ Few, but insignificant

                22 countries chose this answer

                2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                7 countries chose this answer

                3/ Few, but significant

                18 countries chose this answer

                4/ More than a few, and significant

                10 countries chose this answer

                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                Not Found

                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                    Hide
                    6.
                    Exposure

                    In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.

                    No

                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                    More

                    Skipped

                    2 countries chose this answer

                    0/ No

                    44 countries chose this answer

                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                    19 countries chose this answer

                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                    3 countries chose this answer

                    3/ Few, but significant

                    14 countries chose this answer

                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                    0 countries chose this answer

                    80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                    Not Found

                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                        Hide
                        7.
                        Exposure

                        In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.

                        No

                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                        More

                        Skipped

                        3 countries chose this answer

                        0/ No

                        22 countries chose this answer

                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                        21 countries chose this answer

                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                        6 countries chose this answer

                        3/ Few, but significant

                        23 countries chose this answer

                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                        7 countries chose this answer

                        79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                        Not Found

                          Supplementary Notes

                          During our research, we found no instances of North Macedonian media outlets of any kind offering Chinese news content. However, when it comes to the wider context, a Skopje based analyst and expert on China told us that in the last decade, unlike the influence of Russia which has been seen as more of a disruptive force aimed at spreading false narratives and creating problems, the Chinese influence has been rather different, focused much more at creating a positive image of China, as a benevolent soft power in the region and the world, and a country of stunning achievements. In this respect, the Chinese narratives have been visible in the traditional media, trough content provided or inspired by Chinese outlets, as well as in the online media and trough social networks. The expert argues that this is the case mainly due to the bad financial state North Macedonian media are in, which makes them more susceptible to copy-pasting content from abroad instead of dedicating their own effort to produce such stories, rather than pressure or other forms of influences on them. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, a study on disinformation in North Macedonia has identified three main Chinese narratives that have also penetrated North Macedonia’s media space: denouncing the possibility that the virus originated from China, emphasizing the failure of Western countries in dealing with the health crisis and outlining the help that China has offered to other countries, including North Macedonia. However, in the vast majority of cases, reporting about these topics in the country has been balanced or somewhat balanced, offering Chinese views confronted with the Western ones.

                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                            8.
                            Exposure

                            In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.

                            No

                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                            More

                            Skipped

                            1 countries chose this answer

                            0/ No

                            38 countries chose this answer

                            1/ Few, but insignificant

                            13 countries chose this answer

                            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                            7 countries chose this answer

                            3/ Few, but significant

                            15 countries chose this answer

                            4/ More than a few, and significant

                            8 countries chose this answer

                            81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                            Not Found

                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                9.
                                Pressure

                                In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.

                                No

                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                More

                                Skipped

                                1 countries chose this answer

                                0/ No

                                57 countries chose this answer

                                4/ Yes

                                24 countries chose this answer

                                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                Not Found

                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                    Hide
                                    10.
                                    Effect

                                    In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.

                                    No

                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                    More

                                    Skipped

                                    4 countries chose this answer

                                    0/ No

                                    51 countries chose this answer

                                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                                    11 countries chose this answer

                                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                    3 countries chose this answer

                                    3/ Few, but significant

                                    9 countries chose this answer

                                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                                    4 countries chose this answer

                                    78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator

                                    Not Found

                                      Supplementary Notes

                                      There are no known cases of media censoring views critical of China, but we have provided a somewhat lower confidence level as it is impossible to be certain that such pressure has not been exertd behind the scenes, even if we believe that it is unlikely.

                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                        11.
                                        Effect

                                        In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).

                                        No

                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                        More

                                        Skipped

                                        2 countries chose this answer

                                        0/ No

                                        44 countries chose this answer

                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                        18 countries chose this answer

                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                        4 countries chose this answer

                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                        9 countries chose this answer

                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                        5 countries chose this answer

                                        80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                        Not Found

                                          Supplementary Notes

                                          While we have not found evidence of any significant media personalities or celebrities denying the existance of human rights abuses in the PRC, such narratives can sometimes be found on social media in general, although even then they are not frequent and in significant numbers, because this is not a matter of debate in North Macedonia, a small country with a very limited focus on distant events in China.

                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                            Academia

                                            The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.

                                            1.
                                            Exposure

                                            In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)

                                            Yes

                                            Answer ( 3 / 4 )

                                            More

                                            0/ No

                                            9 countries chose this answer

                                            1/ Few, but insignificant

                                            11 countries chose this answer

                                            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                            6 countries chose this answer

                                            3/ Few, but significant

                                            31 countries chose this answer

                                            4/ More than a few, and significant

                                            25 countries chose this answer

                                            82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                            Supporting Evidence

                                            1. https://360stepeni.mk/od-ekonomski-i-politichki-umerena-do-obrazovno-seprisutno-jaka-vlijanieto-na-kina-vo-s-makedonija/
                                            2. https://mioa.gov.mk/?q=mk/node/2053

                                            Supplementary Notes

                                            Huawei’s Seeds for the Future project has been sending Macedonian students on study visits to China. In 2012 Huawei was chosen for the government project aiming to supply tablets for high school pupils and university students. The project is now inactive. Yet the main cooperation between Macedonian research facilities and Chinese counterparts is well developed. It is based on the two cooperation agreements that North Macedonia has signed with China. The Ministry of Education undertakes cooperation on the basis of the Agreement on Cooperation in the field of education, signed on December 5 2007 in Beijing. The PRC Scientific and technological cooperation between the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China, was signed on March 7 1995 in Skopje. According to North Macedonia’s Education Ministry there are currently over 20 scientific cooperation projects, concluded or active. Some of them are the cooperation between Skopje’s Institute for Earthquake Engineering and the Dalian University of Technology in 2018 and 2019. Another example is the cooperation between the Skopje’s state Faculty of Electronic Technical and Information Sciences, FEIT, with the School of Electronics and IT at the Xian Zhu university. Together they have worked on early diagnostics and error prevention for the Chinese rapid railroad system. Huawei’s Seeds for the Future project has been sending North Macedonia students on study visits in China.

                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                              Hide
                                              2.
                                              Exposure

                                              In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.

                                              Yes

                                              Answer ( 1 / 4 )

                                              More

                                              0/ No

                                              5 countries chose this answer

                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                              14 countries chose this answer

                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                              5 countries chose this answer

                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                              31 countries chose this answer

                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                              27 countries chose this answer

                                              82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                              Supporting Evidence

                                              1. http://nubsk.edu.mk/uslugi/za-korisnici/institut-konfucij

                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                3.
                                                Exposure

                                                My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.

                                                No

                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                More

                                                Skipped

                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                0/ No

                                                46 countries chose this answer

                                                4/ Yes

                                                35 countries chose this answer

                                                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                Not Found

                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                    Hide
                                                    4.
                                                    Exposure

                                                    In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).

                                                    No

                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                    More

                                                    Skipped

                                                    2 countries chose this answer

                                                    0/ No

                                                    40 countries chose this answer

                                                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                    17 countries chose this answer

                                                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                    7 countries chose this answer

                                                    3/ Few, but significant

                                                    14 countries chose this answer

                                                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                    2 countries chose this answer

                                                    80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                    Not Found

                                                      Supplementary Notes

                                                      From the publically available data and from talks with experts it does not appear that think tanks and research centres in North Macedonia directly belong to PRC affiliated networks and associations. However, the presence of China based think tanks and their cooperation with North Macedonia’s institutions is visible. In 2018 North Macedonia hosted the fifth symposium of think tanks from China and Central and Eastern Europe as part of the 16+1 cooperation initiative. Addressed by the then North Macedonia PM Zoran Zaev, the symposium was held in the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts and was organised by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and North Macedonia’s Institute for Geostrategic Studies and Foreign Policy of the Foreign Affairs Ministry.

                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                        Hide
                                                        5.
                                                        Exposure

                                                        In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.

                                                        No

                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                        More

                                                        Skipped

                                                        10 countries chose this answer

                                                        0/ No

                                                        21 countries chose this answer

                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                        11 countries chose this answer

                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                        11 countries chose this answer

                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                        19 countries chose this answer

                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                        10 countries chose this answer

                                                        72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator

                                                        Not Found

                                                          Supplementary Notes

                                                          There is no evidence to suggest that such financial support from PRC has been recieved.

                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                            Hide
                                                            6.
                                                            Exposure

                                                            In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.

                                                            No

                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                            More

                                                            Skipped

                                                            3 countries chose this answer

                                                            0/ No

                                                            47 countries chose this answer

                                                            1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                            11 countries chose this answer

                                                            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                            6 countries chose this answer

                                                            3/ Few, but significant

                                                            10 countries chose this answer

                                                            4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                            5 countries chose this answer

                                                            79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                                                            Not Found

                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                Hide
                                                                7.
                                                                Exposure

                                                                In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.

                                                                Skip

                                                                More

                                                                Skipped

                                                                13 countries chose this answer

                                                                0/ No

                                                                17 countries chose this answer

                                                                1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                15 countries chose this answer

                                                                2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                11 countries chose this answer

                                                                3/ Few, but significant

                                                                12 countries chose this answer

                                                                4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                14 countries chose this answer

                                                                69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                  Supplementary Notes

                                                                  As part of a student exchange program, thus far some 100 students from North Macedonia have been on study visits to China, according to the Education Ministry. The call for applying for these visits, sponsored by the Chinese Trade Ministry are active for the 2022/23 school year. As for professors and senior researchers sent on paid visits to China, the data is scarce. An expert we consulted notes however, that this is a fairly common practice and that North Macedonia’s education system, underfunded as it is, benefits from China cooperation.

                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                    Hide
                                                                    8.
                                                                    Pressure

                                                                    In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).

                                                                    No

                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                    More

                                                                    Skipped

                                                                    1 countries chose this answer

                                                                    0/ No

                                                                    64 countries chose this answer

                                                                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                    6 countries chose this answer

                                                                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                    3 countries chose this answer

                                                                    3/ Few, but significant

                                                                    5 countries chose this answer

                                                                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                    3 countries chose this answer

                                                                    81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                    Not Found

                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                        Hide
                                                                        9.
                                                                        Pressure

                                                                        In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.

                                                                        No

                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                        More

                                                                        Skipped

                                                                        7 countries chose this answer

                                                                        0/ No

                                                                        64 countries chose this answer

                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                        1 countries chose this answer

                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                        0 countries chose this answer

                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                        6 countries chose this answer

                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                        4 countries chose this answer

                                                                        75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                        Not Found

                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                            Hide
                                                                            10.
                                                                            Effect

                                                                            In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.

                                                                            No

                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                            More

                                                                            Skipped

                                                                            2 countries chose this answer

                                                                            0/ No

                                                                            64 countries chose this answer

                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                            16 countries chose this answer

                                                                            80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                Hide
                                                                                11.
                                                                                Effect

                                                                                In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).

                                                                                No

                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                More

                                                                                Skipped

                                                                                5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                65 countries chose this answer

                                                                                1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                    Economy

                                                                                    The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.

                                                                                    1.
                                                                                    Exposure

                                                                                    The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).

                                                                                    No

                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                    More

                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                    51 countries chose this answer

                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                    31 countries chose this answer

                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                    Supporting Evidence

                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                    1. https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziSoopstenie.aspx?rbrtxt=78

                                                                                    Supplementary Notes

                                                                                    The latest 2022 data from the State Statistical office note that Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia are the country’s top 5 trading partners. The data shows that China takes the 28th place (see the URL above) .

                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                      2.
                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                      PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.

                                                                                      No

                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                      More

                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                      77 countries chose this answer

                                                                                      4/ Yes

                                                                                      4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                      81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                      Supporting Evidence

                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                      1. https://dzr.mk/sites/default/files/2022-02/62_Upravuvanje_so_javen_dolg_Zadolzuvanje_na%20RSM_2021_1.pdf

                                                                                      Supplementary Notes

                                                                                      In 2021 North Macedonia’s debt amounted to about 6.5 billion USD. Of that about 500 million USD is owed to the Chinese Exim Bank.

                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                        3.
                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                        The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.

                                                                                        No

                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                        More

                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                        62 countries chose this answer

                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                        20 countries chose this answer

                                                                                        82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                        Supporting Evidence

                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                        1. https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziSoopstenie.aspx?rbrtxt=78

                                                                                        Supplementary Notes

                                                                                        The extraction of metals and minerals is one of the important industrial branches in North Macedonia. The data from the State Statistical Agency indicate that by far most of the exports of metals and minerals goes to the EU countries, with Germany being in the lead.

                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                          4.
                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                          In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)

                                                                                          No

                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                          More

                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                          36 countries chose this answer

                                                                                          4/ Yes

                                                                                          46 countries chose this answer

                                                                                          82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                              5.
                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                              My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).

                                                                                              No

                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                              More

                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                              27 countries chose this answer

                                                                                              4/ Yes

                                                                                              55 countries chose this answer

                                                                                              82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                  6.
                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                  In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.

                                                                                                  Yes

                                                                                                  Answer ( 4 / 4 )

                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                  41 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                  4/ Yes

                                                                                                  41 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                  82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                  Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                  1. https://srcic.org/silk-road-members/?page=1

                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                    7.
                                                                                                    Pressure

                                                                                                    My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.

                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                    64 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                    18 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                        8.
                                                                                                        Pressure

                                                                                                        In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).

                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                        2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                        65 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                                        15 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                        80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                          Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                          There is no evidence of such harrassment, but equally little evidence of North Macedonian companies taking stances on such issues.

                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                            9.
                                                                                                            Effect

                                                                                                            My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.

                                                                                                            Yes

                                                                                                            Answer ( 4 / 4 )

                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                            51 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                            31 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                            82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                            Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                            Agreement between the Government of the Republic of North Macedonia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on trade and economic cooperation: concluded on 31 May 1995 in Beijing, ratified on 29 November 1995, published in the “Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” no. 60/1995, and effective 14 April 1996. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Macedonia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on the avoidance of double taxation and the protection against fiscal evasion with respect to income tax and capital tax: concluded on 9 June 1997 in Beijing, ratified on 18 September 1997, published in the “Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” no. 49/97, and effective 29 November 1997. Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Macedonia and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on encouragement and mutual protection of investments: concluded on 9 June 1997 in Beijing, ratified on 18 September 1997, published in the “Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia” no. 49/97, and effective 1 November 1997.

                                                                                                            1. https://www.slvesnik.com.mk/Issues/27896C2B56BE464F84324F80C3B766AB.pdf
                                                                                                            2. https://finance.gov.mk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Kina_0.pdf
                                                                                                            3. https://ecfr.eu/special/china-balkans/north-macedonia/#economy-business

                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                              10.
                                                                                                              Effect

                                                                                                              In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.

                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                              47 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                              4/ Yes

                                                                                                              35 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                              82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                              Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                              The former North Macedonian government led by Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski, who was in power from 2006 to 2016, had expressed on several occasion plans to open such a free zone to attract Chinese businesses. However, this did not come to fruition and individuals from the business sector have told us that the zones were never established mainly due to a lack of Chinese interest at that time. The current Social Democrat-led governments, from 2017 onwards, have not shown public interest for relaxing regulations or setting up special economic zones particularly for Chinese investors.

                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                                  11.
                                                                                                                  Effect

                                                                                                                  In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.

                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                  76 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                  4/ Yes

                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                                      Society

                                                                                                                      The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.

                                                                                                                      1.
                                                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                                                      In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.

                                                                                                                      No

                                                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                      49 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                      12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                      7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                      9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                      4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                      81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                          2.
                                                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                                                          In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).

                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                          62 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                          4/ Yes

                                                                                                                          19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                          81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                              3.
                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                              In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.

                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                              68 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                              4/ Yes

                                                                                                                              13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                              81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                  4.
                                                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                                                  In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).

                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                  50 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                  9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                  5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                  9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                  7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                      Hide
                                                                                                                                      5.
                                                                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                                                                      In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).

                                                                                                                                      Yes

                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 1 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                                                                      2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                      33 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                      25 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                      8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                      8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                      6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                      80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                      Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                      Cooperation between Macedonia’s Journalists Association and All-China Journalists Association (see URL1 below). China and North Macedonia sign cultural cooperation program (see URL2 below). In 1996 a Chinese Writers Delegation led by Gao Ping, President of the Writers' Association of Gansu Province, paid a visit to Macedonia and attended the 35th Struga International Poem Festival and the 25th Annual Conference of International Translators organization. Later same year the President of the Macedonia Writers' Association Svetlana Hristova Jocik visited China (see URL3 beolw).

                                                                                                                                      1. https://znm.org.mk/en/representatives-of-the-ajm-met-with-the-representatives-of-the-chinese-journalists-association/
                                                                                                                                      2. https://vlada.mk/node/686?ln=sq
                                                                                                                                      3. https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cemk//eng/zmgx/t374485.htm

                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                        6.
                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                        In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.

                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                        1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                        46 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                        35 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                        81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                          Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                          There is no data to suggest that such donations have been made.

                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                            7.
                                                                                                                                            Exposure

                                                                                                                                            In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.

                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                            2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                            38 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                            21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                            4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                            11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                            6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                            80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                                                                8.
                                                                                                                                                Effect

                                                                                                                                                Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.

                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                Skipped

                                                                                                                                                7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                60 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                15 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                  Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                  The production in North Macedonia is very small and we could did encounter any product that would depict PRC in any light whatsoever. The only existing production is from a few travel documentaries and reportages that do depict China in positive light or generally stir clear from delving into political issues.

                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                    9.
                                                                                                                                                    Effect

                                                                                                                                                    In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                    67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                    10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                    0 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                    3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                    3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                    2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                        10.
                                                                                                                                                        Effect

                                                                                                                                                        In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).

                                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                        2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                        54 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                        12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                        2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                        7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                        5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                        80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                                                                            11.
                                                                                                                                                            Effect

                                                                                                                                                            In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.

                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                            7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                            50 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                            25 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                            75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                            Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                            1. http://www.prespa-institute.mk/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3I-izvestaj_A4_%D0%9C%D0%9A_WEB.pdf

                                                                                                                                                            Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                            There are no data on the perception on the Chines government. But a 2019 study by North Macedonia Think Tank, Prespa Institute, about the people’s perception of foreign countries notes that 1 out of 10 citizens in North Macedonia thinks that China is donating for economic and democratic development of their country, while 15 per cent of citizens connect china with trade, business, investments and cooperation (see URL above) .

                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

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                                                                                                                                                              Military

                                                                                                                                                              The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.

                                                                                                                                                              1.
                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                              My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                              36 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                              4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                              46 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                              82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                  2.
                                                                                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                  My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                  1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                  74 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                  4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                  7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                  81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                      Hide
                                                                                                                                                                      3.
                                                                                                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                      My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                      No

                                                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                      66 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                      4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                      15 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                      81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                          4.
                                                                                                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                          In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.

                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                          2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                          67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                          4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                          13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                          80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                              5.
                                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.

                                                                                                                                                                              Yes

                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 4 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                              2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                              61 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                              4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                              19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                              80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                              Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                              With the outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic, in July 14, 2020 China/ the PLA facilitated a Chinese donation to the Army of North Macedonia, worth some quarter of a million euros. The medical donation, consisted of protective masks, visors, gloves, protective suits and other medical equipment, was delivered in a base in Skopje, with visible presence of PLA unfirmed persons. While the statement by the North Macedonian Ministry of Defence refers to the donation as being from the People’s Republic of China, the same statement quotes the Chinese Ambassador as saying that the donation demonstrates cooperation between the two armies. In addition, North Macedonia had purchased COVID-19 vaccines from China, with the help of the Chinese authorities, but according to available reports, they have been delivered through regular trade routes and no participation of the PLA has been detected.

                                                                                                                                                                              1. https://www.mod.gov.mk/primopredavanje-donacija-od-nr-kina-14-07-2020/

                                                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                6.
                                                                                                                                                                                Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).

                                                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                77 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                    7.
                                                                                                                                                                                    Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                    In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                    48 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                    34 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                        8.
                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                        In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                        2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                        67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                        13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                        80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                            9.
                                                                                                                                                                                            Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                            In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.

                                                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                            4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                            67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                            11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                            78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                10.
                                                                                                                                                                                                Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).

                                                                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                                                                Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                68 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                    11.
                                                                                                                                                                                                    Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                    My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.

                                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                    51 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                    31 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Law Enforcement

                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                        My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                        32 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                        50 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                        82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                            2.
                                                                                                                                                                                                            Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                            In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.

                                                                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                            1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                            55 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                            26 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                            81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                3.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                52 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                29 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    49 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        37 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        14 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        15 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            6.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                7.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                30 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                51 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    8.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    71 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        68 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            10.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            71 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                11.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                61 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Technology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    52 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    30 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Deutsche Telecom and Austrian Telecom hold by far the biggest share in this sector, and PRC connected entities are not present.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 2 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        16 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        27 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        30 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. https://www.slobodnaevropa.mk/a/%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0-%D0%B8-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%98%D0%B5-%D1%9C%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%82-%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80-%D0%B7%D0%B0-%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-5%D0%B3-%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0-/30908557.html
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. https://balkaninsight.com/2020/10/27/north-macedonias-5g-plans-put-chinas-friendship-at-risk/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The use of hardware from these companies was relatively common before 2020. But in 2020 North Macedonia signed a memorandum for safe 5G network with the United States that practically prohibited these purchases. This prevented Makedonski Telekom, owned ultimately by Deutsche Telecom from purchasing equipment from Huawei for its 5G network. Thus, while in the past telecoms have signed such agreements, they will be prohibited from doing so in the future.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 2 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          14 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          24 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          23 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1. https://lokalno.mk/intervju-so-zamenik-generalniot-direktor-na-huavei-ikt-sektorot-mozhe-da-ima-kluchna-uloga-vo-spravuvaneto-so-kovid-19/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2. https://chinaobservers.eu/fortifying-5g-networks-in-north-macedonia-the-need-for-western-partners/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3. https://www.telekom.mk/mobile-device-details.nspx?deviceId=42458&promotion=&contractId=2&tariffId=1795&groupId=117&paymentId=2&name=HUAWEI+NOVA+8i

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          North Macedonia’s telecom providers are in the process of phasing out this hardware from use in their 4G networks, as well as from their cable telecommunication offerings. Some home routers are still in the hands of Telecom customers but they are being replaced, sources from T-Mobile and from A1, the country’s biggest providers told us. There are no plans for getting equipment from these companies for the 5G network after North Macedonia in 2020 signed a memorandum for safe 5G network with the United States.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            28 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            53 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            1. https://chinatechmap.aspi.org.au/#/map/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            This has been the case since North Macedonia formally became NATO’s 30th member in 2020. Previously, from the scarce data available, in 2007, North Macedonia’s Customs signed an agreement with Nuctech to buy 4 mobile scanners worth 5.5 million euro. These scanners are now not in use anymore, sources from the Customs office told us (see URL above) .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              42 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  6.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  35 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  25 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    The capital Skopje is working on the project “Skopje Smart City” but it is not known whether some of the equipment will be purchased from Chinese companies as the procedures are still ongoing. In general data on public procurements are scarce on this particular topic of origin of the equipment.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      63 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      18 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          8.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          32 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          18 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  10.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  44 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  36 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. https://www.similarweb.com/apps/top/google/store-rank/mk/communication/top-free/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  The most used communication and apps are WhatsApp, Viber, Snapchat, Telekom MK and Messanger, and as far as I checked they have no Chinese involvement (see URL above).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    11.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    64 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    17 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Domestic Politics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 2 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        20 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        23 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 2 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        23 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. https://sdk.mk/index.php/dopisna-mrezha/50-000-maski-od-zbratimeniot-grad-nanchang-podeleni-na-bolnitsite-vo-skopje/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. https://a1on.mk/macedonia/delegacija-od-zbratimeniot-kineski-grad-dalijan-vo-poseta-na-ohrid/
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3. https://ohrid.gov.mk/%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%B8-%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8/#1550493792804-9dd50839-cc473bde-e13530e7-072b
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=Zz0A7j6gIXo

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        The capital Skopje’s sister city is Nanchang. During the pandemic in 2020 Skopje received 50,000 face masks from Nanchang as help. The town of Prilep is a sister city of Deyang in China The town of Ohrid has a sister city in Dalian, China. Although local media have reported on a visit from this city in 2018 as a sister city, the municipal page notes this city not as a sister city but as a city with which they have signed a protocol for cooperation.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          22 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          16 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          16 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            There have been no such cases reported in the media and our interlocutors cannot recall any instances. However, there is a slight chance that this might have happened with lower ranked or local municipal politicians and has gone under the radar.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 2 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              14 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              25 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              32 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              46 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              16 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  6.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  60 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      7.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      64 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          8.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          78 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 1 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              12 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              37 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              10.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              40 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              18 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                No such cases have been reported and the experts consulted could not pinpoint any similar case.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  11.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  67 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Foreign Policy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 4 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      25 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      57 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      1. https://www.sobranie.mk/pg-2020-2024-ns_article-pg-kina-20.nspx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      2. https://ecfr.eu/special/china-balkans/north-macedonia/

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The current composition of this Parliamentary Cooperation Group includes the following MP’s: Vlado Misajlovski as group president, and members including Lidija Petkoska, Igor Zdravkovski, Marija Georgievska, Jovan Mitreski, Goran Misovski, Bajram Kadrija and Afrim Gashi. On 17-20 June 2019, North Macedonia’s Parliament Speaker, Talat Xhaferi, paid a visit to China and met with the president of the National Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference, Wang Yang, as well as with the president of the Chinese National Assembly, Li Jangshu.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Exposure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Answer ( 1 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        20 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        40 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        1. https://faktor.mk/apasiev-i-levica-na-100-godishninata-od-komunistichkata-partija-na-kina
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        2. https://www.vmro-dpmne.org.mk/index.php/vesti/soopstenija/10975-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8-%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BD%D1%80-%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0,-%D1%9F%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3-%D1%95%D1%83%D0%BE

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        In July, 2021, a delegation from North Macedonia’s Levica, [Left] party attended a world summit marking the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Communist Party, an event which was held online. This party is represented by 2 MP’s in North Macedonia’s 120-members Parliament, but is believed to be growing in popularity. The party has proclaimed anti-NATO and anti-Western views, and since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, has met the Russian ambassador in the country and repeatedly shared Russian stances on the invasion, portraying it as a special military action to ‘de-nazify’ Ukraine. Otherwise, Chinese Ambassadors have a semi-regular practice of meeting representatives of the biggest political parties in the country of at least once in one or two years. These meetings always pass in a cordial atmosphere, but no substantial cooperation has resulted. The press releases from such meeting follow a similar pattern where the economic cooperation and perspectives are usually emphasized, and near the end follows a remark that the political party in question has emphasized its pro-EU stances. The last such meeting took place in June 9 between Chinese Ambassador Zhang Zuo and the leadership of the main opposition conservative VMRO-DPMNE party

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          39 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          11 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          6 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          10 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          14 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              41 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                There is no public evidence of such pressure, though it is to be expected that, if it did occur, it would most likely not have made it into the public domain.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  5.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Pressure

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  61 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  19 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      6.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      3 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      65 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      4/ Yes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      14 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Answer ( 0 / 4 )

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          9 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          0/ No

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          62 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1/ Few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          2/ More than a few, but insignificant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3/ Few, but significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          7 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          4/ More than a few, and significant

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Not Found

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Supplementary Notes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            While there is no public voting record available, there is nothing in the public domain to suggest that North Macedonia supported the appointment of PRC officials.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Silence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              24 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2/ My country has remained silent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              36 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  9.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Oppose

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ My country has denounced PRC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  31 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2/ My country has remained silent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  32 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  17 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  10.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Oppose

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  0/ My country has denounced PRC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  2/ My country has remained silent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  46 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  13 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  1. https://new-york-un.diplo.de/un-en/news-corner/201006-heusgen-china/2402648

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Hide
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    11.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Oppose

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    More

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Skipped

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    0/ My country has denounced PRC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    24 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    2/ My country has remained silent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    36 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    21 countries chose this answer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Supporting Evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    1. https://new-york-un.diplo.de/un-en/news-corner/201006-heusgen-china/2402648

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by another 1 anonymous expert.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Hide
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