Kazakhstan
* As some Indicators can be skipped where data is unavailable, the maximum overall and Domain scores are not identical for each country. Country rankings are generated from ratios of the maximum scores and the achieved scores.
The Indicators have been classified by the stage of the influence process at which they occur. Some Indicators correspond to exposure to PRC influence, e.g. the presence of Confucius Institutes. Others test for pressure – such as visa denials to academics or journalists. Finally, some Indicators capture the effect of PRC influence, such as national policy changes in favor of PRC interests.
The individual Layer scores for each country are tallied and displayed via rankings.
Exposure
Exposure assesses the conditions that make the target country vulnerable to PRC's influence, e.g. in terms of economic dependence, or the receiving of some form of benefit.
Pressure
Pressure measures the actions that the PRC directly or indirectly exerts over the target country in order to change the behavior of people in the target country, e.g. in terms of threatening economic punishment to provoke/prevent a political decision.
Effect
Effect evaluates the degree of accommodations the target country makes to the PRC, and the actual effects and impacts on the target country.
In 2021, Kazakhstan had a GDP per capita of US$10,042 and a total population of 19.0 million people, of which 3,617 were Chinese labor migrants (according to 2021 estimates).
Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in 1992. Kazakhstan was ranked 122nd in Reporters Without Borders' 2022 World Press Freedom Index, and Not Free in Freedom House's 2022 Global Freedom Status, with a score of 23/100.
Percentage scores do not suggest some degree out of a “completely influenced” level of 100%. The percentages express the country’s score out of the total achievable amount based on the Indicators for each Domain.
- Media50.0% / 30.1%
- Academia55.0% / 34%
- Economy45.5% / 33.6%
- Society2.5% / 23.6%
- Military45.5% / 23.4%
- Law Enforcement43.2% / 30.2%
- Technology68.2% / 40.8%
- Domestic Politics22.7% / 37.2%
- Foreign Policy65.9% / 41%
Media
The Media Domain evaluates how PRC entities influence public debate and media coverage about the PRC in the Index country.
In my country, there are media organizations that belong to the World Chinese Media (世界华文媒体) network.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists or media organizations which are members of the Belt and Road Media Cooperation Alliance/Union, the Belt and Road News Alliance, or other Belt and Road media networks that connected to PRC (e.g. Belt and Road Media Community, Belt and Road Journalists Network, Belt and Road News Network, or B&R TV Networks).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
23 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Media "Kazinform" has been one of the board member of the alliance. Link 31 Channel Media of Kazakhstan Link 365Info.com (365Info) is the member of The Belt and Road News Alliance (BRNA) Link [Second respondent]: Kainform is a Kazakh international news agency and one of the largest media outlets in Kazakhstan founded by the government.
- http://cn.brnn.com/414904/414908/index.html
- http://brmc.chnpec.com/en/MEMBER/2018/03/14/1dabf935b4ee47c68793b9b1242ada22.shtml
- https://brnalink.com/members.html
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have attended all-expenses paid media tours in PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
11 countries chose this answer
0/ No
15 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
13 countries chose this answer
71 countries answered this indicator; 11 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"The program of the Asian media press tour to Hunan Province was organized by the famous Chinese newspaper China Daily, which is published in English. The tour to industrial and innovative enterprises turned out to be very informative. In general, Hunan is a mostly agricultural region in China. But besides this, factories for the production of transport equipment, food products are operating in the region. The province has over 80 industrial zones and parks." Russian source: Link After these tours, Kazakh journalists also write promotional articles about China and their visit Link
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200208180810/http://kz.chineseembassy.org/rus/zhgx/t1099414.htm
- https://web.archive.org/web/20200208083343/http://kz.chineseembassy.org:80/rus/zhgx/t1073072.htm
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: It would be more representative if the answer was more factual. For example, it would be more relevant to list journalists who took part in the press tours or media resources they are affiliated to and briefly describing the main focus of the event. This would allow us to have a better understanding of the “significance” of the exposure.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili and another 1 anonymous expert.
In my country, there are journalists, media organizations or online influencers who have received trainings from PRC state-owned media or PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
16 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Same sources as above because, during those tours in China, they also attend the trainings. Link Link
- http://kz.chineseembassy.org/rus/zhgx/t1073072.htm
- http://kz.chineseembassy.org/rus/zhgx/t1099414.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC state-media (including print, radio, and video) is broadcasted or distributed in a local language.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
24 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
22 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local media outlets wholly or partly owned by PRC citizens or corporations.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: It’s interesting to know if the information on media ownership is available for public at all. Otherwise, as per my understanding, answering “no” to this type of question might have a considerable impact on the overall rating and give a misleading representation. In my view, in case of the lack of access to information or absence of the required information, it is more reasonable to skip the question.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media outlets that have delivered cheap or free contents provided by PRC state-fund media.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://exk.kz/opinion/70121/ot-chumy-nie-zariekaiutsia-malienkii-virus-protiv-bolshogho-mira
- https://liter.kz/kitaj-i-kazahstan-druzhit-neobhodimo-ili-chto-dumayut-eksperty-o-vliyanii-podnebesnoj/
- https://forbes.kz/news/2020/04/03/newsid_222542
Supplementary Notes
I checked whether the Kazakhs wrote about the effectiveness of the virus and in fact, they praise the Chinese in the local media. Even Kazakh Forbes publishes articles derived from the Chinese media.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are regular PRC state-media or government advertisements inserted within local newspapers, online news websites or social media.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
15 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Along with traditional instruments of soft power, China is helping Central Asia in the fight against Covid-19, Chinese diplomats in Central Asia maintain their Facebook and telegram pages (sometimes even too actively), and local openly pro-Chinese media and experts appear in the region. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are journalists who have had pressure exerted on them by the PRC, including (but not limited to) public denouncement, revocation of journalist ID, denial of visa.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
57 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
24 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakh From Xinjiang Threatened After Pressing Chinese Diplomats About Missing Brother. Link The former Kazakh camp inmate Sayragul Sauytbay speaks out about the oppression of Muslim minorities in China — and has received death threats for doing so. Link In early March, Serikzhan Bilash, a Kazakh activist documenting and advocating for Muslims caught up in an immense internment-camp system in China, was taken from his hotel room by security services and arrested. Link Also see for example: Link While technically not a journalist, this individual is gathering information relevant to Kazakhstan and PRC.
- https://www.rferl.org/a/china-xinjiang-kazakhstan-missing-threats-protests/31157124.html
- https://www.dw.com/en/how-china-is-destroying-kazakh-culture/a-54434930
- https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/09/china-xinjiang-uighur-kazakhstan/597106/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are incidents of media outlets censoring views critical of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are media personalities (including reporters, journalists or commentators) or celebrities who deny the existence of human rights abuses in the PRC (e.g. a media personality that doubts there are re-education camps for Uyghurs in Xinjiang).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No direct evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Academia
The Academia Domain measures how the PRC state attempts to restrict academic freedom by influencing or interfering with the Index country’s academic and educational activities.
In my country, universities have established research partnerships with PRC-connected entities. (e.g. Huawei, Tencent or Alibaba)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
9 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
25 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A new research facility, the ‘5G Development Centre’ has opened at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan, with backing from China Mobile, the world’s largest cellco by users. Link On August 9, 2011, a laboratory of open systems and cloud computing (Cloud Computing of Innogrid) was established in close cooperation with the Chinese company Huawei, the Zerde infocommunication holding and the International University of Information Technology. Link The Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region with 37 national scientific institutions in the Belt and Road Region and international organizations, including the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Link Murat Zhurinov, The Director of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan talks about the close cooperation with China. Their scholars are participating together with Chinese colleagues in joint research in the fields of Chemistry, Metalurgy, Information Technology and Agriculture. Link
- https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/01/21/china-mobile-backs-5g-development-centre-in-kazakhstan-huawei-launches-nfv-facility/
- https://wikipedia.tel/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9
- http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0427/c36-1312.html
- http://english.cas.cn/Special_Reports/70_Birthday_Wishes/201911/t20191101_222208.shtml
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are Confucius Institutes/Classrooms.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
5 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
31 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
27 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The Kazakh side is willing to strengthen Kazakhstan-China cultural and people-to-people exchanges, cement cooperation in the fields of youth, education, and culture, and welcome the opening of more Confucius Institutions in Kazakhstan.
- http://www.chinaembassy-fi.org/eng/zxxx/t1814903.htm
- https://www.kaznu.kz/en/19134/page/
- https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/09/15/the-effectiveness-of-confucius-institutes-in-promoting-chinese-soft-power-in-kazakhstan/
- http://www.ieeip.cn/bbx/1071727-1123792.html?id=27381&newsid=712457
- https://astanatimes.com/2018/05/astanas-confucius-institute-promotes-cultural-ties-launches-courses-for-children/
- https://www.kstu.kz/confucius-institute-of-kstu/?lang=en
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country plans to include, or does include, Chinese as a foreign language in K12 or primary education, and receives free or subsidized (e.g. offered below market price) educational books and teachers from PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The article is talking about sending Chinese language books to at least 3 schools, 1 one which is considered to be one of the leading in the country and named after the first president of Kazakhstan – Nursultan Nazarbayev. Source: Link
Answered by 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more think tanks and academic research centers belong to PRC-affiliated networks/associations (such as: the Silk Road Think Tank Association, Silk Road Think Tank Network [SiLKS], Belt and Road Studies Network, University Alliance of the Silk Road, University Consortium of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road).
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
17 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Atyrau Institute of Oil and Gas, Caspian University are the members of the University Alliance of the Silk Road Link Relevant Chinese think tanks jointly launched the Belt and Road Studies Network (BRSN) with Kazakhstan’s Nazarbayev University Link The members of University Alliance of the Silk Road: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Atyrau Institute of Oil and Gas, Caspian University, K.Zhubanov Aktobe Regional State University, Kazakh Academy of Transport and Communications, L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian University, Nazarbayev University Link
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/
- http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0427/c36-1312.html
- http://uasr.xjtu.edu.cn/About_UASR/Members.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, think tanks and academic research centers have received financial support from PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
10 countries chose this answer
0/ No
21 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
10 countries chose this answer
72 countries answered this indicator; 10 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China has allocated a quarter of a million grants to educate students from countries adjacent to the Silk Road project (countries of South Asia, Southeast Asia, etc.). Now about 18 thousand Kazakhstani students are studying in China, mainly in the specialty of Chinese language and commerce. Kaukenova conducted a survey among students at the China Center to learn about the perspectives of a generation interested in the Chinese language. Some of the respondents have motivation and knowledge of China and the language, but also have problems with research skills, Link Kurultai of the Association of Kazakhstani Students in China (KSAC) - The Kurultai of Kazakhstani Students in China is a joint event of the Center for International Programs of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in China, aimed at uniting, patriotic education and development of self-organization of Kazakhstani youth in China. Currently, there is a single student organization of Kazakhstani students "Kazakhstan Students Association in China" (KSAC), which unites about 12 thousand Kazakhstani students studying at universities in China. Link Link
- https://cabar.asia/ru/v-kazahstane-eksperty-obsudili-problemy-i-perspektivy-kitaevedeniya
- https://forbes.kz/news/2016/05/13/newsid_111695
- https://www.inform.kz/ru/bolee-250-kazahstanskih-studentov-sobralis-na-kurultay-v-kitae_a3533015
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: Based on the provided evidence it looks like it can actually be from none to significant. “China has allocated a quarter of a million grants to educate students from countries adjacent to the Silk Road project,” says the article. ¼ of a million grants is a big number but it remains unclear which portion of it was dedicated specifically to Kazakhstan. The answer to this question especially raises a concern to me given that the answer to the previous question about think tanks and academic research centers affiliation with PRC networks/associations was rated as “few but significant.” In my view, there is high chances for these 2 questions to be interconnected, so the supporting evidence necessitates further elaboration.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, experts participate in PRC talent recruitment programs such as the Thousand Talents Program or Changjiang Scholars program.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Evidence found
Supplementary Notes
The Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Alliance of International Science Organizations in the Belt and Road Region with 37 national scientific institutions in the Belt and Road Region and international organizations, including the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
13 countries chose this answer
0/ No
17 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
15 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
69 countries answered this indicator; 13 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Kazakhstan has allocated 23 grants of the Chief Ambassador to the teaching staff and students who will be able to pass a short-term internship in Xinjiang Agricultural University, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University and China Agricultural University. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, organized PRC-connected student groups, such as Chinese Students and Scholars Associations (CSSAs), are involved in attempts to censor staff or students (e.g. by harassing students protesting human rights abuses in the PRC, or formally complaining about the identification of Taiwan as a country in lecture slides).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
5 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, scholars or academics have been denied visas to travel to the PRC after expressing opinions or producing scholarship that is critical of the PRC.
Skip
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
The first link Link says that Consulate General of China commented on the refusal to issue individual visas to Kazakhstanis, however it is not specified whether there were scholars among those Kazakhstanis. Also the complaint of Kazakh students who were going to study in China and could not apply for a visa Link
- https://tengrinews.kz/kazakhstan_news/genkonsul-kitaya-prokommentiroval-otkaz-vyidache-300882/
- https://rus.azattyq.org/a/studenty-viza-v-kitay-problemy/28656058.html
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities have been involved in school or university curriculum design, such as courses about East Asian history, modern politics, etc.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
16 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are confirmed reports of teachers or professors avoiding the discussion of sensitive political issues (e.g. Uyghur re-education camps, Taiwan independence, Tiananmen Square Massacre).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
5 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
6 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
77 countries answered this indicator; 5 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Economy
The Economy Domain measures the PRC’s economic leverage in the Index country, and how this is used to influence economic policy or corporate behavior in ways that favor the PRC.
The PRC is my country's number one trading partner (for trade in goods only).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China is Kazakhstan’s second-largest trading partner after Russia. In 2019, Sino-Kazakh trade turnover exceeded $8 billion and in 2020, it comprised 18.1% of Kazakhstan’s total trade. By the end of 2020, mutual trade between the countries increased by 4% and came to $15.4 billion.
- https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/321090-main-features-of-china-kazakhstan-econom-51fb23d6.pdf
- https://astanatimes.com/2021/04/positive-dynamics-observed-in-trade-between-kazakhstan-and-china/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
PRC-connected entities own more than 50% of my country’s sovereign debt.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC is the top customer for my country’s extractive industries.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
20 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
- https://crudeaccountability.org/clear-as-oil-transparency-of-chinese-projects-in-kazakhstan/
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3dWcjWxfCo&list=RDCMUCtR71EdAkg0NcVHCQtw2PIw&start_radio=1&rv=R3dWcjWxfCo&t=0
Supplementary Notes
Russia is the TOP CUSTOMER. But there's environmental and social harms that have economic consequences beyond the sale of hydrocarbons. See attached links.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-related entities own, operate or substantially control critical infrastructure (e.g. ports, power plants, digital data centers, etc) or sensitive sectors (biotech, raw materials, etc.)
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The FPRK (the Trade Union Federation of the Republic of Kazakhstan) submitted a list of 204 Chinese companies, operating in Kazakhstan, of which 24 have local trade unions that are member organisations of sectoral federations affiliated to the FPRK. Trade unions are under great pressure in the oil and gas industry where there are many joint ventures with Chinese shareholders. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country joined (or applied to join) the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB).
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
27 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
55 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, major businesses are members of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, or of the Belt and Road Industrial and Commercial Alliance, or of the Belt and Road General Chamber of Commerce.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
41 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In September 2013, the first half of the BRI – the “Silk Road Economic Belt” (SREB) – was launched in Kazakhstan by Xi Jinping. Drawing upon the historical legacy of the ancient silk routes, the SREB envisions renewed cross-continental trade between China and Europe as an engine of growth and connectivity. Link Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Kazakhstan "Silk Road" is the member of the Silk Road Chamber of International Commerce, Link
- https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/en/our-projects/germany-and-asia/news/asia-policy-brief-chinas-footprint-in-central-asia
- http://www.srcic.com/silk-road-members/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has been the target of PRC economic coercion (e.g. trade or investment sanctions) that was specifically tailored at products or services that are highly dependent on the PRC market.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local businesses have been harassed, threatened, or boycotted, due to their activities or statements in support of causes deemed unacceptable by the PRC government (e.g. Taiwanese independence, Hong Kong democracy, Tibet or Xinjiang issues, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has free-trade agreement(s) with the PRC (either bilateral or as part of regional agreement(s)) that primarily deals with trade in goods or services, including digital goods or services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
China does not have a bilateral FTA signed with Kazakhstan, but with the EAEU. China signed a free trade agreement (FTA) with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in Astana, Kazakhstan, as indicated by us would occur earlier in the week. Thus, even though China does not have a bilateral agreement with Kazakhstan, they keep close economic ties through EAEU. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have relaxed or removed regulatory restrictions, or have established special economic zones (or free trade zones, industrial parks, etc.) to attract investments or economic participation from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
47 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A free trade zone has been mooted by Astana in order to stimulate development in the region, based on the successful model of Khorgos. Link Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-silkroad-horgos-idUSKBN18V15Z
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2016/07/26/an-inside-look-at-icbc-khorgos-china-and-kazakhstans-cross-border-free-trade-zone/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities requisitioned infrastructure or land for failure to repay debts in a timely manner.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
76 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
4 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Society
The Society Domain measures the extent and effectiveness of the PRC’s efforts to advance its soft power in the Index country, including its influence over the actions and views of local organizations and citizens.
In my country, there are local groups or organizations with words like “Promotion of Peaceful Reunification” in their name, and they regularly publicize their views on Taiwan, Hong Kong, Tibet and Xinjiang issues.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are members and member organizations of United World Chinese Association (世界华人协会).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, labor unions cooperate on exchanges or official visits to the All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are local reports of personnel linked to the UFWD who make appearances at Chinese diaspora community events and activities (e.g. Lunar New Year events, Dragon Boat festival tournaments, etc).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
9 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are PRC-connected professional associations that are closely engaged with their counterparts locally, such as All-China Journalists Association (中华全国新闻工作者协会), China Artists Association (中国艺术家协会), China Writers Association (中国作家协会) or All-China Women Federation (全国妇联).
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
33 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
25 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
8 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The National Art Museum of China and 21 art museums or major fine arts institutions from 18 countries including Russia, the Republic of Korea, Greece, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Viet Nam, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Bangladesh, Hungary, Turkey, Moldova, Armenia and Poland, jointly founded the Silk Road International Alliance of Art Museums and Galleries. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected individuals or entities donate money or provide other types of support to religious communities and charities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
35 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the PRC government or PRC-connected entities distribute entertainment products (including: drama and TV shows) or related hardwares (e.g. OTT streaming players hosting PRC media channels) freely or at a cheap price.
Skip
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
38 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
21 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
11 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supplementary Notes
Chinese films and TV programs have seen an upsurge of popularity in Kazakhstan, providing a window for the people there to understand Chinese culture and the lives of Chinese people. Link The popular Chinese TV drama "All is well" has captured viewing audiences in Kazakhstan at a time when large population centers remain at home due to the novel coronavirus outbreak. The 46-episode family series, starring Yao Chen and Ni Dahong, runs Monday to Friday morning in Kazakh on Astana TV. Link
- https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201805/28/WS5b0b6f6fa31001b82571cad8.html
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/22/c_138905211.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Cultural products (such as films and TV shows) produced by my country’s production studios typically portray the PRC in a positive light.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, celebrities regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the national or local governments regularly publish or share propaganda narratives from the PRC (e.g. statements from the PRC government or embassies).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
54 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
5 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, a majority of citizens have positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
7 countries chose this answer
0/ No
50 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
25 countries chose this answer
75 countries answered this indicator; 7 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakh concerns over possible Chinese domination are based not only on economic arguments. They need to be situated in a social context in which fear of China remains very real: the general lack of knowledge about China, and fear of too great a difference in demographic power, might well beimportant factors influencing Kazakh reactions to China’s growing presence. Source: Chinese Economic Presence in Kazakhstan China’s Resolve and Central Asia’s Apprehension - SÉBASTIEN PEYROUSE Link Article about Anti-China sentiments in Kazakhstan Link
- https://forbes.kz/process/expertise/shest_prichin_antikitayskih_nastroeniy_v_kazahstane/
- https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3796069
Supplementary Notes
[Second respondent]: The negative perception of the PRC government by the Kazakhstani cannot be mentioned without referring to the agricultural reform in Kazakhstan which spurred a wave of mass protests across the country.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova and 1 anonymous expert, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Military
The Military Domain gauges the bilateral military relationship between the PRC and the Index country, including PRC efforts to influence local military personnel.
My country currently imports (or receives in-kind donation of) military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
36 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
46 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2015, Beijing presented Kazakhstan with thirty Jiefang J6 heavy duty trucks and thirty large-load trailers free of charge. The equipment was worth $3.2 million. Link In addition, China is today a major producer and exporter of military equipment. The arsenals of both Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan include Wing Loong-1 military drones made by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC). A large share of China’s weapons transfers to Central Asia are labelled donations, sidestepping 2002 legislation that places limits on Chinese arms exports. Link
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402
- https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-52-russias-shadow-chinas-rising-security-presence-central-asia
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country currently exports military or law-enforcement equipment or components of equipment to the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
74 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Supplementary Notes
China has purchased military items from Central Asian states, including 40 Shkval torpedoes in 1998 from Kazakhstan.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country co-develops or co-produces military or law-enforcement equipment with the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
66 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
15 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
During the sixth meeting of the Chinese-Kazakh business council, Tokayev said that Kazakhstan was strategically interested in “[the] establishment of joint innovation companies, techno[logy] parks and information technology (IT) centers. In our capital we have opened up an international techno[logy] park for IT start-ups, “Astana Hub” and highlighted work on “big data, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), cloud technologies and supercomputers” Link IT components are used also for the Military and Law enforcement.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports that the PRC has expressed intentions or has taken actions to establish basing.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has participated in a humanitarian relief/disaster assistance (HADR) effort.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) military personnel are permanently or rotationally deployed (excluding defense attaches and peacekeepers).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
77 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
5 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received professional military education from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
48 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
34 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Between 2003 and 2009, 65 members of the Kazakh military took courses in Chinese institutions. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, members of the military have received peacekeeping training from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Between 1990 and 2005, only 15 Kazakh officers were sent to China for training. Yet this cooperation has grown– between 2003 and 2009, 65 members of the Kazakh military took courses in Chinese institutions. Link On the occasion of the 93rd anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, the ambassador said the two sides have conducted military exchanges, competitions and training, and closely cooperated on the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as "color revolutions" in the region. Link Participation of the PLA in the Fanfare for Peace Military Tattoos - 20th-29th Aug. 2014 - in China - 9 military bands from China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan, 660 people in total - The opening ceremony and marching performance in China's National Indoor Stadium, a parade and a pageant performance at the Olympic Center, and the closing ceremony of the military tattoo and of the Peace Mission-2014 joint counter-terrorism exercise in Zhurihe Training Base in Inner Mongolia Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-08/01/c_139257481.htm
- http://www.china-un.ch/eng/dbtyw/cjjk_1/cjjzzdh/t1683060.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officers have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public service.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, high-ranking retired or current military and/or intelligence officials advocate for more coordination with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country cooperates with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) on military exchange exercises, including drills and war games.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
51 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
31 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
It was not until August 2003, in eastern Kazakhstan and Xinjiang, that the first multilateral military exercises took place, involving thousands of Chinese, Russian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, and Tajik military personnel. All member states, except Uzbekistan, participated. In 2006, the East anti-Terror exercises in Uzbekistan were held, in which all the security services were involved. In 2010, exercises held on the Matybulak polygon in the Semirechie region of Kazakhstan, where a number of military experts from China and Russia have already prepared the simulations. Link Chen Bingde (R), chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, meets with Saken Zhasuzakov, first deputy defense minister and chief of the staff of Kazakhstan's Armed Forces, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sept. 9, 2010. Chen visited Almaty on Thursday to attend the opening ceremony of the "Peace Mission - 2010" anti-terrorism military exercise, which is launched under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in south Kazakhstan from Sept. 9 to 25. Link Since 2002, the military and other security forces of Kazakhstan and China have engaged in some two dozen bilateral and multilateral military exercises Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-china-military-exchanges-continue/
- http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7135744.html
- https://jamestown.org/program/military-cooperation-between-china-and-central-asia-breakthrough-limits-and-prospects/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Law Enforcement
The Law Enforcement Domain measures law enforcement cooperation between the PRC and the Index country, as well as the nature and extent of PRC-related criminal activity in the Index country.
My country currently maintains an extradition treaty, legal mutual assistance or other similar arrangements with the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
50 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement authorities have signed cooperation agreements with the PRC on combatting terrorism.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
55 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
26 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Sino-Kazakhstan Joint Declaration on Further Deepening Comprehensive Strategic Partnership mentions law enforcement cooperation Link Joint Declaration on New Stage of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan Link Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Government of the People's Republic of China on cooperation in the fight against crime Link
- https://www.internationalwaterlaw.org/documents/regionaldocs/China-Kazakhstan_declaration_7_Sept_2013-CIWL_unofficial_translation.pdf
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/2649_665393/t1293114.shtml
- https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/qriim/documents/details/143603?lang=ru
Supplementary Notes
China to advance cooperation on law enforcement with SCO member countrieshttp://english.www.gov.cn/state_council/state_councilors/2019/05/17/content_281476665309822.htm On the occasion of the 93rd anniversary of the founding of the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, the ambassador said the two sides have conducted military exchanges, competitions and training, and closely cooperated on the fight against terrorism, separatism and extremism, as well as "color revolutions" in the region. Link Chen Bingde (R), chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, meets with Saken Zhasuzakov, first deputy defense minister and chief of the staff of Kazakhstan's Armed Forces, in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Sept. 9, 2010. Chen visited Almaty on Thursday to attend the opening ceremony of the "Peace Mission - 2010" anti-terrorism military exercise, which is launched under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in south Kazakhstan from Sept. 9 to 25. Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-08/01/c_139257481.htm
- http://en.people.cn/90001/90776/90883/7135744.html
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected gangs (such as Triad, 三合会) are known to be operating in my country.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
29 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of economic espionage targeting the private sector that were suspected to benefit PRC-connected entities.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
49 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of cyber attacks targeting government, critical infrastructure, or enterprises that were suspected to be initiated from the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
37 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
14 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
15 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
October 2020. U.S. government officials revealed that suspected Chinese hackers were behind a series of attacks on entities in Russia, India, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Malaysia. Link
Supplementary Notes
We assume there might be more attacks, but the information is not public.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, triads are known to have threatened or used violence to coerce, intimidate or punish Chinese dissidents.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
3 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
2 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deployed video or internet surveillance systems from the PRC for law enforcement.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
30 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
51 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In 2019, Tokayev visited the offices of Hangzhou Hikvision Digital Technology Company during a trip to China, and afterwards spoke glowingly of the company’s surveillance capabilities. Tokayev instructed Kazakhstan’s development planners to follow China’s example and deepen the collection of citizens’ personal identification information. He especially noted Chinese progress in areas such facial recognition, the usage of biometric and medical data, and the collection of employment and credit history—information which, if systematically collected and stored, would allow the government to track its citizens at a granular level—and held up these advances as a model for Kazakhstan. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, representatives of the PRC police force have had joint patrols with local law enforcement.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
11 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has detained people at the request of the PRC for committing a crime involving engagements with social movements or resistance activities in Hong Kong, Xinjiang or for other human rights or civic rights issues.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
68 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
13 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
When 67-year-old pensioner Qalida Akytkhan decided to join a small protest outside the Chinese Consulate in Almaty, it was three years after three of her sons were detained at a so-called "reeducation camp" in China's northwestern Xinjiang region. Link Authorities are still intent on demonstrating fealty to Beijing by thwarting grassroots activism critical of the Chinese government. Serik Azhibai is the latest object of that harassment. On August 3, Azhibai was arrested by police after holding a one-man picket outside China’s consulate in Almaty. The purpose of the demonstration was to demand the expulsion of Beijing’s ambassador, Zhang Xiao, who has provoked ill-will among citizens and officials alike with remarks perceived as disrespecting Kazakhs and their nation’s sovereignty. Link
- https://www.rferl.org/a/kazakhstan-protests-china-xinjiang-rights-abuses/31186209.html
- https://eurasianet.org/kazakhstan-squeezes-china-critics-as-xinjiang-anxieties-spread
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has deported Taiwan citizens to the PRC to face prosecution.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
71 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
9 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has extradited or has deported individuals to the PRC, although such decisions had attracted criticisms from politicians, government employees or from local or foreign NGOs.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
21 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakh authorities detained Sayragul Sauytbai, an ethnic Kazakh woman with Chinese citizenship, for “illegal border crossing” and put her on trial. If convicted, she could be deported back to China. She has applied for asylum in Kazakhstan. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Technology
The Technology Domain gauges the PRC’s influence over the technology sector in the Index country, including the activity and financial leverage of PRC companies, use of PRC hardware, and bilateral research partnerships.
In my country, PRC-connected entities (such as China Mobile, China Unicom or China Telecom) or their subsidiaries provide telecom services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
52 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakhstan national telecommunications operator Kazakhtelecom and China Mobile have signed a cooperation memorandum during the Mobile World Congress Shanghai 2019. Link China Telecom has signed up a Kazakh telecom firm to deliver a fast high-capacity route from Hong Kong to Europe, dubbed a new Silk Road. Link China Mobile backs 5G development centre in Kazakhstan; Huawei launches NFV facility Link
- https://www.telecompaper.com/news/kazakhtelecom-china-mobile-sign-cooperation-memorandum--1298825
- https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/china-telecom-signs-with-kazakh-firm-for-new-link-to-europe/
- https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2015/01/21/china-mobile-backs-5g-development-centre-in-kazakhstan-huawei-launches-nfv-facility/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have signed agreements to adopt hardwares or technical specifications of 4G or 5G cellular networks that are produced or developed by Huawei, ZTE or other PRC enterprises.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
16 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
27 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
30 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
"One of the main breakthroughs during this period was the development of a 4G LTE communication standard and the construction of networks of a new standard around the world, in Kazakhstan we started this project in 2013. At one time it was a big breakthrough both for our company and for the entire telecommunications market. In Kazakhstan, we were the first who managed to implement a project on coverage with a fourth generation communication network throughout the country. It was a great achievement "- Zhang Qingguo, General Director of Huawei Technologies Kazakhstan LLP, in an interview with Kursiv.kz. "we are the leader in 5G service delivery. In Kazakhstan, last year (2019), we successfully tested a new generation network together with Kazakhtelecom. I think the deployment of the first commercial zones of the 5G network will begin this year and will start in Nur-Sultan and Almaty. In particular, in the special economic zone." Source: Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, telecoms have adopted hardware or technical specifications by PRC-connected entities in internet/wifi/telecommunication service infrastructure projects, in addition to 4G/5G cellular network.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
8 countries chose this answer
0/ No
14 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
24 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
74 countries answered this indicator; 8 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
5G Development Center Opens in Kazakhstan in Collaboration with China Mobile Link
- https://www.huawei.com/kz/news/kz/2020/huawei-news-article-intervyu-generalnogo-direktora-huawei-v-kazakhstane-kursiv-08042020
- https://www.thefastmode.com/technology-solutions/3792-5g-development-center-opens-in-kazakhstan-in-collaboration-with-china-mobile
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are authorized vendors to supply tech-related equipment or services to our government, military or security services.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
28 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
53 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-two-developments-in-kazakhstan/
- https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-experiments-with-surveillance-technology-to-battle-coronavirus-pandemic/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, central or local governments have collaboration (such as data collection or exchange agreement, or adoption of related hardwares) with the PRC government or PRC-connected entities on facial, voice recognition or other applications involving biometrics achieved by AI.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
42 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
A major local provider of the “Sergek” surveillance systems undergirding these developments is Korkem Telecom, which partners with the Chinese company Zhejiang Dahua Technology (浙江大华技术, Zhejiang Dahua jishu). The aforementioned Hikvision has also maintained direct sales offices in Kazakhstan since 2015, although according to its 2020 Annual Report the company has invested relatively little in developing its subsidiary business there (Hikvision, accessed May 4). Although Kazakhstan’s opaque government does not readily provide details about the sources of procurement for its new surveillance systems, media reports assert that Kazakhstan’s video surveillance systems mainly use Chinese products (Central.asia-news.com, December 11, 2019). As in other countries, the pace of adopting smart technologies for public health surveillance was also sped up during the coronavirus pandemic. Link In recent years, facial recognition, biometric-identification, artificial intelligence (AI) and video surveillance technologies have been rapidly emerging domestically, including in close cooperation with several Chinese companies, such as Hikvision and Dahua Technology. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-experiments-with-surveillance-technology-to-battle-coronavirus-pandemic/
- https://jamestown.org/program/tracking-the-digital-component-of-the-bri-in-central-asia-part-two-developments-in-kazakhstan/
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, one or more cities have procured, or have signed contracts with PRC-connected entities to establish “smart city” systems.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
35 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Both now and in the future, we would like to take an active part in the implementation of national projects under the state program "Digital Kazakhstan", infrastructure projects throughout the country, provision of broadband Internet access in cities and villages, implementation of platforms such as "Smart city ”, and, of course, the deployment of 5G networks in Kazakhstan. Link Increased cooperation with China since 2018, when the Kazakhstani government launched its national strategy “Digital Kazakhstan” and Smart City projects to re-shape urban areas with the help of advanced information communication technology (ICT). Additionally, in October 2019, following his first official visit to China, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev specifically instructed his Cabinet to adopt the Chinese experience of mass digitalization (Kursiv.kz, October 8, 2019). One of the agreements signed between the two parties during Tokayev’s time in Beijing was cooperation on the Tianhe-2 Supercomputer, which Kazakhstan would reportedly use to oversee all of its government cyber systems, provide computing power for its “Government for Citizens” State Corporation, as well as power Kazakhstan’s facial-recognition technologies. Link
- https://jamestown.org/program/kazakhstan-experiments-with-surveillance-technology-to-battle-coronavirus-pandemic/
- https://www.huawei.com/kz/news/kz/2020/huawei-news-article-intervyu-generalnogo-direktora-huawei-v-kazakhstane-kursiv-08042020
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, financial institutions use the China Cross-Border Interbank Payment System (CIPS) clearing and settlement services system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
63 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
18 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected venture capital invests in technology start-ups.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
32 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
18 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
11 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakhstan and China have opened up an international technology park for IT start-ups. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, companies have publicly announced that they had signed MOUs to collaborate on technological development (such as collaborations in A.I., Blockchain, Cloud Computing, Big Data) with PRC-connected entities.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
31 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
12 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
9 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
The China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission signed the MOUs on supervisory cooperation with the Central Bank of Armenia, National Bank of Serbia, National Bank of Georgia, Astana Financial Services Authority (Kazakhstan), China Customs signed relevant AEO mutual recognition cooperation documents with the State Revenue Committee of the Ministry of Finance of Kazakhstan. Link In July 2018, the Mayor's Office of Nur-Sultan announced that at the Forum of Mayors of Silk Road Countries, an agreement was reached on the creation and operation of a laboratory for DNA diagnostics on the basis of Nazarbayev University. A memorandum of cooperation and mutual understanding was signed between the management company of the SEZ "Astana - Technopolis" and the Chinese company Microread Kazakhstan. Link At the KADEX-2016 business platform, the Kazakh company Kaztechnology, with the support of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Kazakhstan, signed two contracts with the PRC. A technology and equipment transfer memorandum was signed with Norinco Corp for the production of large caliber ammunition. Link
- http://www.beltandroadforum.org/english/n100/2019/0427/c36-1312.html
- http://russian.news.cn/2019-12/05/c_138606020.htm
- https://informburo.kz/novosti/kadex-2016-kitay-peredast-kazahstanu-tehnologii-proizvodstva-krupnokalibernyh-boepripasov.html
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, PRC-connected entities are shareholders or developers of the top five popular social media/messaging apps, based on usage.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
44 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
36 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
TikTok is one of the top five popular social media apps in Kazakhstan. Link (accessed on 6/7/2021)
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, the central or local government(s) has collaborated with the PRC on endorsing the use of BeiDou satellite navigation system.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
17 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Domestic Politics
The Domestic Politics Domain evaluates PRC efforts to influence the political landscape in the Index country, and the footprint of PRC security companies.
In my country, politicians or government employees at the sub-national level are signing agreements with the PRC government or state-owned enterprises.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
20 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
5 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
23 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No Direct Evidence Found.
Supplementary Notes
Since the Chinese are present in these provinces, they might have close ties and agreements with the local government. The presence of trade unions in Chinese oil and gas companies differs a lot depending on the region. A trade union is present in all four Chinese companies in Mangystau province, in 6 of 9 companies in Kyzyl-Orda province, 9 of 15 companies in Aktobe province, but only in 1 of 15 Chinese enterprises in Atyrau province. Link In Kazakhstan, together with foreign investors, they plan to launch five projects worth $ 127 million, "including a project worth $ 26 million in the Almaty region with the participation of Chinese capital". Link
- https://www.ituc-csi.org/IMG/pdf/belt_and_road_initiative_in_central_asia.pdf
- https://russian.eurasianet.org/%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82-%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA-%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85-%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, local municipalities have sister-city ties (友好城市) with municipalities in the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 2 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
10 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
10 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
19 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
19 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
23 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Aktau has an official sister city - Karamay in China, Shymkent - Baiyin (China), Nur-Sultan (Astana) - Beijing (China), Almaty - Urumqi (China) Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have taken trips to the PRC paid for by PRC-connected individuals or entities.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
22 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
12 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
16 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
For example, according to the Vremya newspaper, the management of the Kazakhstan branch of Huawei requires employees to establish close ties (give gifts, organize joint dinners, fishing, travel to China) with employees of government agencies and national companies responsible for procurement of goods and services. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees visit the PRC and have meetings with PRC officials and think tanks.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
1 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
9 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
14 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
25 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
32 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Numerous such meetings and visits are held: Link Link Link
- https://www.cacianalyst.org/publications/analytical-articles/item/13595-kazakhstans-president-visits-china-amid-troubles-at-home.html
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/wshd_665389/t1875576.shtml
- http://ie.chineseembassy.org/eng/zgxw/t1137540.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, law enforcement and judicial related training offered the PRC-connected individuals or entities has been accepted by national or subnational governments.
Yes
Answer ( 1 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
46 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
16 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
6 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Stronger Legal Cooperation for Sound and Steady Development of the Belt and Road Initiative --Speech by State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, where he speaks about Belt and Road Initiative countries (incl. Kazakhtan) and mentions: "I hereby announce the Chinese government’s decision to fund the “Belt and Road Legal Cooperation Research and Training Program” to boost such cooperation." Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, there are reports of politicians or political parties receiving campaign donations that originate in the PRC.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
4 countries chose this answer
0/ No
60 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
4 countries chose this answer
78 countries answered this indicator; 4 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have hosted fundraisings or have provided other forms of support for government employees, politicians or parties.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
64 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, groups with reported links to the United Front Work Department (UFWD) have made public statements opposing the candidacy of a local political candidate or party, claiming them being “anti-China”.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
78 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
1 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
0 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have publicly expressed positive views of the PRC government.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
12 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
13 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
37 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have received direct or deferred benefits from PRC-connected individuals or entities openly or covertly (e.g. have been appointed to lucrative positions as board members or consultants with PRC-invested firms, casinos, energy companies, etc.) during or in retirement from public office.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
40 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
7 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
0 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
18 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
8 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, security services (安保/保安) offered by private PRC companies are contracted by national or subnational governments.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
0/ No
67 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
3 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
3 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Foreign Policy
The Foreign Policy Domain gauges PRC efforts to achieve diplomatic objectives by influencing key actors in the Index country.
My country’s legislature has a joint parliamentary friendship group, committee or other forms of sub-organizations with PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
0/ No
25 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
57 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
- http://www.parlam.kz/en/mazhilis/news-details/id41631/1/1
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjdt_665385/wsrc_665395/202111/t20211124_10452655.html
- https://www.mfa.gov.cn/ce/cenz//eng/xw/t285011.htm
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Representatives of a political party in my country’s national legislature have met officially with representatives of the PRC.
Yes
Answer ( 3 / 4 )
0/ No
3 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
13 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
20 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
40 countries chose this answer
82 countries answered this indicator; 0 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Chinese president meets Kazakh PM in Astana, Chinese president meets Kazakh parliament speaker in Astana, Chinese, Kazakh presidents sign joint declaration in Astana, Chinese, Kazakh presidents hold talks in Astana Link President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of Kazakhstan Meets with Wang Yi Link
- http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/special/xjp201309/
- https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/zxxx_662805/t1814903.shtml
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The PRC provides training to diplomats or civil servants on governance from my country (such as at 国家行政学院 or 中央党校).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
39 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
11 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
6 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
10 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
14 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
In my country, politicians or government employees have been pressured by PRC diplomats to change their political or diplomatic stances.
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ No
41 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
8 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
4 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
21 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
7 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
No evidence Found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
Citizens of my country have been detained in PRC or denied exit visas, and believed to be suffering from unfair legal treatments for political reasons, a.k.a. “hostage diplomacy”.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ No
61 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
19 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Leaked documents show how China tracked and detained Kazakhs, Uyghurs Link Diplomatic visa issues were also tightened: Since 2016, China and Kazakhstan have been waging a kind of visa war. The so-called "people's diplomacy" (contacts between students, businessmen, tourists), suffered from this "war". At the beginning of the year, China unilaterally tightened the requirements for issuing tourist and business visas for citizens of Kazakhstan, while the relatives of diplomats accredited in China continued to issue short-term visas of the S2 type with a stay only for 30 days. Link
- https://central.asia-news.com/en_GB/articles/cnmi_ca/features/2020/02/19/feature-01
- https://carnegie.ru/commentary/78318
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
The head of state, head of government or foreign minister of my country has denied Taiwan’s right to participate as a member, observer or guest in WHO.
Yes
Answer ( 4 / 4 )
Skipped
3 countries chose this answer
0/ No
65 countries chose this answer
4/ Yes
14 countries chose this answer
79 countries answered this indicator; 3 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakhstan backs Beijing's “One China” policy, supporting the official Chinese position on Taiwan and Tibet, while China supports Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of the WTO. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country publicly supported the appointment of a PRC official to be the head of a United Nations agency (such as the FAO or ICAO) or other intergovernmental organizations (such as INTERPOL).
No
Answer ( 0 / 4 )
Skipped
9 countries chose this answer
0/ No
62 countries chose this answer
1/ Few, but insignificant
2 countries chose this answer
2/ More than a few, but insignificant
1 countries chose this answer
3/ Few, but significant
7 countries chose this answer
4/ More than a few, and significant
1 countries chose this answer
73 countries answered this indicator; 9 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Supplementary Notes
Kazakhstan is also ready for closer communication and cooperation with China within the frameworks of the United Nations and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has shown support of PRC's territorial claims (such as on the South China Sea arbitration ruling issued by the UNCLOS Arbitral Tribunal in July 2016; except claims over Taiwan, which are indirectly covered in indicator 6.)
Silence
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has rejected PRC’s claim
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has adhered to PRC’s claim
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Not Found.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Uyghur population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
31 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
32 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
17 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
In these articles, China thanks Kazakhstan for its support for putting pressure on Xinjiang. Link Link Central Asia is also a crucial juncture in China’s national security strategy. Prominent scholars like Wang Jisi at Peking University argue that China must “march west” and pay attention to this region to maintain stability in its restive frontier regions of Tibet and Xinjiang. Collectively, Kazakhstan and neighboring Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan share a 2,050-mile border with Xinjiang. Link
- https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-kazakhstan-idUSKCN1RA01A
- https://www.arabnews.com/node/1474461/world
- https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/10/16/why-are-there-anti-china-protests-central-asia/
Supplementary Notes
FYI In Xinjiang, Kazakh citizens are actively protected by the Kazakh government. Kazakhstan made its strongest and most public comment on the issue with a statement from the Foreign Ministry commenting that in mid-May during the latest “Kazakhstan-Chinese consultations on consular matters” the two sides discussed the “protection of the rights and interests of the citizens of the two countries, and also the mutual trips of residents of Kazakhstan and China.” Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My country has shown one of the following stances on PRC’s treatment of its Tibet population.
Support
Skipped
2 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
21 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
46 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
13 countries chose this answer
80 countries answered this indicator; 2 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakhstan backs Beijing's “One China” policy, supporting the official Chinese position on Taiwan and Tibet, while China supports Kazakhstan's bid to become a member of the WTO.
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili
My government has not publicly criticized the PRC’s imposition of the National Security Law on Hong Kong.
Support
Skipped
1 countries chose this answer
0/ My country has denounced PRC
24 countries chose this answer
2/ My country has remained silent
36 countries chose this answer
4/ My country has voiced support to PRC’s stance
21 countries chose this answer
81 countries answered this indicator; 1 countries skipped this indicator
Supporting Evidence
Kazakhstan abides by the principle of non-interference in internal affairs and believes that issues regarding Xinjiang and Hong Kong are purely China's internal affairs. Kazakhstan is willing to further strengthen cooperation with China within the frameworks of the SCO and CICA to jointly safeguard regional security and stability. Link
Answered by Tatiana Sedova, and has been reviewed by Ani Kintsurashvili